Drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: a review Castro, Karine Cappuccio de; Costa, Josiel Martins; Campos, Maria Gabriela Nogueira
International journal of polymeric materials,
01/2022, Letnik:
71, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Polymeric nanoparticles are one of the most studied strategies in modern medicine for drug encapsulation. The researchers' main interest is a formulation capable of administering the medication in a ...controlled mode and specific site. In this context, stimulus-responsive nanoparticles are highlighted, as these systems can have long circulation times, achieve the disease site, and improve intracellular medication administration. Therefore, this review addressed trends in drug delivery mechanisms and the influence of internal and external stimulus sources on the stimulus-responsive nanocarriers. Moreover, conventional and emerging methods for the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles were reviewed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Electrospinning is a versatile and low-cost technique widely used in the manufacture of nanofibrous polymeric membranes applied in different areas, especially in bioengineering. Hyaluronic acid (HA) ...is a biocompatible natural polymer, but it has rheological characteristics that make the electrospinning process difficult. Thus, its association with another polymer such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is an alternative, as PVA has good rheological properties for electrospinning. Based on this, the aim of this work was to produce, by the conventional electrospinning method, cross-linked HA/PVA membranes free from organic solvent with a low degradation rate in PBS 7.4 solution after the photocrosslinking process and without using any organic solvent. The results showed that the electrospinning occurred effectively for all conditions tested, but the best result for complete cross-linking only occurred with 15 and 30% crosslinker, which was evidenced by infrared spectroscopy. The addition of crosslinker favored the stability of the electrospinning jet, especially for 30% crosslinker concentration. The membranes did not show cytotoxicity even after the cross-linking process, which indicates that the material has potential as a drug delivery device.
Acid mine drainage (AMD) causes serious environmental issues once present in the food chain directly affects human health due to its high acidity, the presence of heavy metals and sulphate compounds. ...For this reason, the constant search for new technologies for the treatment of AMD is becoming increasingly necessary. This review aims to highlight the characteristics and damage caused by AMD and the main treatment approaches. With special emphasis on anaerobic bioreactors containing sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) as a sustainable and economical alternative for the treatment of this type of effluent, due to the ability of microorganisms to use toxic metals in their metabolism, besides generating alkalinity in the environment and neutralising acidic compounds. SRB metabolise the electron donor and the sulphate ion, generating hydrogen sulphide and carbonic acid. In this way, future perspectives and major advances involving the treatment of this wastewater through microorganisms were addressed.
The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that hygiene habits reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on contaminated surfaces. In this context, compounds with biocidal properties can act as surface ...coatings, especially in hospital environments, a source of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to report an overview of recent studies with biocidal agents, focusing on polymeric surface modification. Methods such as direct incorporation, direct deposition, and chemical deposition of the microbial agent on the polymeric surface and surface modification without a microbial agent were discussed. Despite several studies in the literature, antimicrobial materials still face challenges such as commercialization, material stability in post-processing, and guarantee of long cycles. Moreover, effectiveness, toxicity, and final cost must be balanced. We also discussed the concept of antiviral activity and the action mode of the materials. Inorganic, organic materials, nanocomposites, and biopolymers have been addressed as viral inhibitors of several diseases. Lastly, we explored the functional validation of polymeric surface through characterization techniques.
Wound dressings are devices used to stop bleeding and provide appropriate environmental conditions to accelerate wound healing. The effectiveness of wound dressing materials can be crucial to prevent ...deaths from excessive bleeding in surgeries and promote complete restoration of the injury. Some requirements for an ideal wound dressing are rapid hemostatic effect, high swelling capacity, antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. However, finding all these properties in a single material remains a challenge. In this context, nanocomposites have demonstrated an excellent capacity for this application because of their multifunctionality. One of the emerging materials used in nanocomposite manufacture is cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which are rod-like crystalline nanometric structures present on cellulose chains. These nanoparticles are attractive for wound healing applications because of their high aspect ratio, high mechanical properties, functionality and low density. Hence, this work aimed to present an overview of nanocomposites constituted by CNCs for wound healing applications. The review focuses on the most common materials used as matrices, the types of dressing, and their fabrication techniques. Novel wound dressings composites have improved hemostatic, swelling, and mechanical properties compared to other pure biopolymers while preserving their other biological properties. Films, nanofibers mats, sponges, and hydrogels have been prepared with CNCs nanocomposites, and in vitro and in vivo tests have proved their suitability for wound healing.
Bioactive compounds blended with synthetic polymers constitute an effective alternative for tailored materials design in advanced applications. Biological functionalities are easily incorporated, and ...the materials’ overall performance can be improved using this technique. The present work introduces the production and characterization of electrospun scaffolds comprised poly(vinyl alcohol), chitosan, and oligo(β-pinene) with potential for tissue engineering. Oligo(β-pinene) presents many biological functionalities of interest, especially cytoprotective activity. The scaffolds’ structure, processing, properties, and performance relationships were evaluated. The materials presented an average fiber diameter of 159 nm, which was increased with the oligo(β-pinene) addition in the polymer matrix. There was an overall trend of crystallinity decrease (from 21.02 to 6.4%) with the incorporation of the oligomer. The polymers’ ∆
H
m
and
T
m
increased from 28.43 to 35.51 J g
−1
and from 190.54 to 194.10 °C, respectively, with the addition of oligo(β-pinene). The presence of a few fiber defects appeared upon oligomer inclusion. However, the overall thermal performance of the scaffolds improved with the increase in oligo(β-pinene) content on the nanofibers. Essays of cell proliferation revealed significant benefits from oligo(β-pinene) inclusion on the blends tested. Biocompatibility improvement of up to 21.5% was noted compared to the control. Thus, incorporating oligo(β-pinene) in poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan electrospun nanofibers constitutes a renewable option to enhance the scaffolds’ properties and biocompatibility.
Achieving the best possible outcome for the therapy is the main goal of a medicine. Therefore, nanocarriers and co-delivery strategies were invented to meet this need, as they can benefit many ...diseases. This approach was applied specifically for cancer treatment, with some success. However, these strategies may benefit many other clinical issues. Skin is the largest and most exposed organ of the human body, with physiological and psychological properties. Due to its exposition and importance, it is not difficult to understand how many skin diseases may impact on patients' lives, representing an important burden for society. Thus, this review aims to summarize the state of the art in research concerning nanocarriers and co-delivery strategies for topical agents' applications targeting skin diseases. The challenge for the medicine of the future is to deliver the drug with spatial and temporal control. Therefore, the co-encapsulation of drugs and the appropriate form of administration for them are so important and remain as unmet needs.
This paper provides a review of the literature on the use of Pluronic® triblock copolymers for drug encapsulation over the last 10 years. A special focus is given to the progress of drug delivery ...systems (e.g., micelles, liposomes, micro/nanoemulsions, hydrogels and nanogels, and polymersomes and niosomes); the beneficial aspects of Pluronic® triblock copolymers as biological response modifiers and as pharmaceutical additives, adjuvants, and stabilizers, are also discussed. The advantages and limitations encountered in developing site-specific targeting approaches based on Pluronic-based nanostructures in cancer treatment are highlighted, in addition to innovative examples for improving tumor cytotoxicity while reducing side effects.
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Purpose
Biopolymers, such as chitosan and collagen, have excellent biocompatibility and can be used for bone remodeling. Chitosan and collagen can be crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. The aim of this ...study was to formulate a chitosan, collagen, and calcium phosphate-based device for potential application as bone substitutes.
Methods
The device was synthesized, molded, dried, and characterized.
Results
By FTIR, it was possible to observe a characteristic peak relating to the crosslinking of chitosan and collagen. The images of SEM and BET/BJH results showed the presence of apparent and interconnected pores. TG-DSC have shown two temperature ranges for weight loss. Mechanical tests provided an elastic modulus equal to 239.25 ± 78.37 MPa and maximum tension of 4.33 ± 0.95 MPa, which are comparable to some commercial bone substitutes and other similar synthetic devices.
Conclusion
The synthesized device showed interconnected pores and surficial porosity, besides thermal stability at physiological temperature, and mechanical properties comparable to spongy bones.
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