We propose a novel approach to the study of compound extremes, grounded in dynamical systems theory. Specifically, we present the co‐recurrence ratio (α), which elucidates the dependence structure ...between variables by quantifying their joint recurrences. This approach is applied to daily climate extremes, derived from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis over the 1979–2018 period. The analysis focuses on concurrent (i.e., same‐day) wet (total precipitation) and windy (10 m wind gusts) extremes in Europe and concurrent cold (2 m temperature) extremes in Eastern North America and wet extremes in Europe. Results for wet and windy extremes in Europe, which we use as a test‐bed for our methodology, show that α peaks during boreal winter. High α values correspond to wet and windy extremes in northwestern Europe, and to large‐scale conditions resembling the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This confirms earlier findings which link the positive NAO to a heightened frequency of extratropical cyclones impacting northwestern Europe. For the Eastern North America–Europe case, α extremes once again reflect concurrent climate extremes – in this case cold extremes over North America and wet extremes over Europe. Our analysis provides detailed spatial information on regional hotspots for these compound extreme occurrences, and encapsulates information on their spatial footprint which is typically not included in a conventional co‐occurrence analysis. We conclude that α successfully characterises compound extremes by reflecting the evolution of the associated meteorological maps. This approach is entirely general, and may be applied to different types of compound extremes and geographical regions.
Episodes of concurrent precipitation and wind extremes in Europe, and cold extremes in Eastern North America and precipitation extremes in Europe, can be diagnosed in terms of the coupling of the relevant climate variables. This is computed here using dynamical systems theory. Concurrent extremes generally occur when the large‐scale fields are strongly coupled. In Europe, for example, highly coupled states of precipitation and wind fields correspond to positive anomalies over the western/northern part of the continent (see figure), projecting onto the positive phase of the NAO.
ABSTRACT The emergence of the JWST and the development of other advanced observatories (e.g. ELTs, LIFE, and HWO) marks a pivotal moment in the quest to characterize the atmospheres of Earth-like ...exoplanets. Motivated by these advancements, we conduct theoretical explorations of exoplanetary atmospheres, focusing on refining our understanding of planetary climate and habitability. Our study investigates the impact of ozone on the atmosphere of Proxima Centauri b in a synchronous orbit, utilizing coupled climate chemistry model simulations and dynamical systems theory. The latter quantifies compound dynamical metrics in phase space through the inverse of co-persistence (θ) and co-dimension (d), of which low values correspond to stable atmospheric states. Initially, we scrutinized the influence of ozone on temperature and wind speed. Including interactive ozone i.e. coupled atmospheric (photo)chemistry reduces the hemispheric difference in temperature from 68 °K to 64 °K, increases (∼+7 °K) atmospheric temperature at an altitude range of ∼20–50 km, and increases variability in the compound dynamics of temperature and wind speed. Moreover, with interactive ozone, wind speed during highly temporally stable states is weaker than for unstable ones, and ozone transport to the nightside gyres during unstable states is enhanced compared to stable ones (∼+800 DU). We conclude that including interactive ozone significantly influences Earth-like exoplanets' chemistry and climate dynamics. This study establishes a novel pathway for comprehending the influence of photochemical species on the climate dynamics of potentially habitable Earth-like exoplanets. We envisage an extension of this framework to other exoplanets.
Abstract
The present work aims to give a general overview of two important adsorbent materials: Carbon Nanotubes and Engelhard Titanium Silicates. Both are advantageously used for water purification ...and thanks to their peculiar properties they can be used in different sectors. In this paper are reported the characteristics and properties of each single adsorbent material. Particular attention is paid to the latest studies reported in the literature regarding their application and specificities in the different environmental fields.
miR-21 is a microRNA (miRNA) frequently overexpressed in human cancers. Here we show that miR-21 is upregulated both in vitro and in vivo by oncogenic Ras, thus linking this miRNA to one of the most ...frequently activated oncogenes in human cancers. Ras regulation of miR-21 occurs with a delayed kinetic and requires at least two Ras downstream pathways. A screen of human thyroid cancers and non-small-cell lung cancers for the expression of miR-21 reveals that it is overexpressed mainly in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, whereas in lung its overexpression appears to be inversely correlated with tumor progression. We also show that a LNA directed against miR-21 slows down tumor growth in mice. Consistently, a search for mRNAs downregulated by miR-21 shows an enrichment for mRNAs encoding cell cycle checkpoints regulators, suggesting an important role for miR-21 in oncogenic Ras-induced cell proliferation.
The suicide crisis syndrome (SCS), an acute negative affect state predictive of near-term suicidal behavior, is currently under review for inclusion as a suicide-specific diagnosis in the
(
). While ...the predictive validity of the SCS for near-term suicidal behavior is well documented, its real-world clinical utility has yet to be evaluated. As such, this study evaluated how implementation of a novel assessment tool, the Abbreviated SCS Checklist (A-SCS-C), into the electronic medical records (EMRs) influenced disposition decisions in the emergency departments (EDs) of a large urban health system.
Logistic regression analyses evaluated the impact of SCS diagnosis on 212 admission/discharge decisions after accounting for chief complaints of suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal behavior (SB), and psychosis/agitation.
The A-SCS-C was concordant with 86.9% of all non-psychotic disposition decisions. In multivariable analysis, the A-SCS-C had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 65.9 (95% confidence interval: 18.79-231.07) for inpatient admission, whereas neither suicidal ideation nor behavior was a significant predictor. The effect size remained very high in 3 sensitivity analyses, the first using information from a different section of the EMR, the second in patients younger than 18 years, and the third in males and females separately (AORs > 30).
SCS diagnosis, when implemented in ED EMRs alongside SI and SB, was strongly predictive of clinician decision making with regard to admission/discharge, particularly in non-psychotic patients, while SI and SB were noncontributory. Overall, our results show that the SCS, as a diagnostic entity, demonstrates robust clinical utility and may reduce the limitations of relying on self-reported SI as a primary basis of suicide risk assessment.
You can never step twice in the same river De Paulis, Ruggero; Weltert, Luca P.
Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery/The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery/The journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
December 2018, 2018-12-00, 20181201, Letnik:
156, Številka:
6
Journal Article
ABSTRACTDe Giorgio, A, Iuliano, E, Turner, A, Millevolte, C, Cular, D, Ardigò, LP, and Padulo, J. Validity and reliability of a light-based electronic target for testing response time in fencers. J ...Strength Cond Res XX(X)000–000, 2019—Response time (RT) is a fencing fundamental sensorimotor skill. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the efficacy of a light-based electronic target in fencers, designed to measure and train this entity. Ninety-five fencers (M = 53; F = 42) were tested in regard to their RT, using a light-based electronic target, for 3 different attack typessimple attack, the lunge, and an attack after a 1.5-m thrust. All subjects were divided into elite vs. novice fencers. Elite fencers had national and international rankings, and were again divided with regard to used weaponépéeists (n = 32; M = 19; F = 13) and foilists (n = 30; M = 13; F = 17). Measurement was evaluated for validity/reliability, sensitivity/specificity, and correlation. Reliability was high for all attack types (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.94–0.96). Lower RTs were found in males for 2 attack types with good sensitivity (81–93%)/specificity (50–91%) for all attack types. Elite fencers responded faster than novice fencers for all attack types (p < 0.001), whereas elite males were faster than females for 2 attack types (p < 0.01). Lower RTs in females correlated with level for one attack type (r = 0.797, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the light-based electronic target system was found to be highly reliable and therefore could be used by fencing athletes as a further measure of performance.
The Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) describes a suicidal mental state marked by entrapment, affective disturbance, loss of cognitive control, hyperarousal, and social withdrawal that has predictive ...capacity for near-term suicidal behavior. The Suicide Crisis Inventory-2 (SCI-2), a reliable clinical tool that assesses SCS, lacks a short form for use in clinical settings which we sought to address with statistical analysis. To address this need, a community sample of 10,357 participants responded to an anonymous survey after which predictive performance for suicidal ideation (SI) and SI with preparatory behavior (SI-P) was measured using logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting algorithms. Four-fold cross-validation was used to split the dataset in 1,000 iterations. We compared rankings to the SCI-Short Form to inform the short form of the SCI-2. Logistic regression performed best in every analysis. The SI results were used to build the SCI-2-Short Form (SCI-2-SF) utilizing the two top ranking items from each SCS criterion. SHAP analysis of the SCI-2 resulted in meaningful rankings of its items. The SCI-2-SF, derived from these rankings, will be tested for predictive validity and utility in future studies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Hot, cold and dry meteorological extremes are often linked with severe impacts on the public health, agricultural, energy and environmental sectors. Skillful predictions of such extremes ...could therefore enable stakeholders to better plan and adapt to future impacts of these events. The intensity, duration and frequency of such extremes are affected by anthropogenic climate change and modulated by different modes of climate variability. Here, we use a large multi-model ensemble from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and constrain these simulations by sub-selecting those members whose global sea surface temperature anomaly patterns are most similar to observations at a given point in time, thereby phasing in the decadal climate variability with observations. Hot and cold extremes are skillfully predicted over most of the globe, with also a widespread added value from using the constrained ensemble compared to the unconstrained full CMIP6 ensemble. On the other hand, dry extremes only show skill in some regions with results sensitive to the index used. Still, we find skillful predictions and added skill for dry extremes in some regions such as Western North America, Southern central and Eastern Europe, Southeastern Australia, Southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. We also find that the added skill in the constrained ensemble is due to a combination of improved multi-decadal variations in phase with observed climate extremes and improved representation of long-term changes. Our results demonstrate that constraining decadal variability in climate projections can provide improved estimates of temperature extremes and drought in the next 20 years, which can inform targeted adaptation strategies to near-term climate change.
Here we investigated mechanisms underlying the acclimation to light in the marine angiosperm Posidonia oceanica, along its bathymetric distribution (at −5 m and −25 m), combining molecular and ...photo-physiological approaches. Analyses were performed during two seasons, summer and autumn, in a meadow located in the Island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy), where a genetic distinction between plants growing above and below the summer thermocline was previously revealed. At molecular level, analyses carried out using cDNA-microarray and RT-qPCR, revealed the up-regulation of genes involved in photoacclimation (RuBisCO, ferredoxin, chlorophyll binding proteins), and photoprotection (antioxidant enzymes, xanthophyll-cycle related genes, tocopherol biosynthesis) in the upper stand of the meadow, indicating that shallow plants are under stressful light conditions. However, the lack of photo-damage, indicates the successful activation of defense mechanisms. This conclusion is also supported by several responses at physiological level as the lower antenna size, the higher number of reaction centers and the higher xanthophyll cycle pigment pool, which are common plant responses to high-light adaptation/acclimation.
Deep plants, despite the lower available light, seem to be not light-limited, thanks to some shade-adaptation strategies (e.g. higher antenna size, lower Ek values). Furthermore, also at the molecular level there were no signs of stress response, indicating that, although the lower energy available, low-light environments are more favorable for P. oceanica growth.
Globally, results of whole transcriptome analysis displayed two distinct gene expression signatures related to depth distribution, reflecting the different light-adaptation strategies adopted by P. oceanica along the depth gradient. This observation, also taking into account the genetic disjunction of clones along the bathymetry, might have important implications for micro-evolutionary processes happening at meadow scale. Further investigations in controlled conditions must be performed to respond to these questions.
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•Plants growing at different depths show characters of either sun- or shade-plants.•Photosynthetic efficiency is similar in low and high-light growing plants.•Light harvesting and photoprotective pigments are higher in shallower plants.•Photosynthesis is up-regulated in high light.•Distinct gene-expression signatures are related to depth distribution.
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