It aimed to evaluate the effects of different whole oilseeds in lipid-rich diets on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, ingestive behavior, and ruminal and blood parameters of steers. A control ...diet (without oilseed) and four diets containing whole oilseeds (cotton, canola, sunflower, and soybean) were tested. All diets used the whole-plant corn silage at 400 g/kg as roughage. Five diets, being a control diet (without oilseed) and four diets containing whole oilseeds (cotton, canola, sunflower, and soybean), were tested. All diets used the whole-plant corn silage at 400 g/kg as roughage. Five rumen fistulated crossbreed steers, in a 5 × 5 Latin square design were distributed using five periods of 21 days. The steers fed cottonseed and canola diets had lower dry matter intakes (6.6 kg/day). Steers showed higher averages of time in rumination for treatments with sunflower, soybean, and cottonseed (406, 362, and 361 min/day, respectively). There was no treatment effect for the ruminal pH and ammonia (NH
3
) variables. There was an effect of the treatment on the volatile fatty acid concentrations. The animals that received soybean showed a higher plasma urea concentration (50.7 mg/dL). Animals fed the control diet showed lower serum cholesterol levels (111.8 mg/dL) than those fed diets containing whole cottonseed, canola, sunflower, and soybean (152.7, 137.1, 146.9, and 138.2 mg/dL, respectively). We recommended using whole soybean or sunflower seeds to formulate lipid-rich diets with 70 g/kg of ether extract for crossbreed steers in the feedlot.
The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial species and diversity of methanogenic Archaea in the solid fraction of the ruminal content, through the gene sequences of the conserved 16S rDNA ...region, in response to the following diets: canola, cottonseed, sunflower, soybean, corn silage, and control diet. Six rumen-fistulated crossbred steers, with body weight (BW) of 416.33 ± 93.30 kg, were distributed in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Regardless of the diet provided, amylolytic, proteolytic, and lactic bacteria were identified in the rumen fluid. Cellulolytic bacteria were predominant for all diets, reaching 47.75% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in animals fed with the cottonseed diet. Amylolytic bacteria reach 62.51% of OTU in animal fed sunflower diet, while proteolytic bacteria correspond to 65.96% of OTU in this same diet. Also,
Megasphaera elsdenii
bacterium was identified for all diets, with a greater percentage of OTU in steers fed the cottonseed diet. The diversity analysis of the species identified the methanogenic Archaea
Methanobrevibacter ruminantium
in all diets. We conclude that the control and corn silage diets have the most similar bacterial flora; diets with oilseeds had 47.5% similarity in rumen flora bacteria species. Animals fed with soybean showed a reduced number of methanogenic Archaea in the rumen content, which could be an alternative feed for cattle due to their low potential for energy losses with the production of methane.
Our hypothesis was that different whole oilseeds included in the diet for steers confined could alter the diversity of rumen bacteria compared to a diet without oilseeds or an exclusively forage ...diet. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of oilseeds inclusion in the diet on bacterial diversity in the solid fraction of the ruminal content of steers, by gene sequences of the conserved 16S rDNA region. Six crossbred steers castrated males, fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design, using 21-day period. At the start of the experiment, the live weight of the animals averaged 416 ± 9.7 kg (mean ± SD). A total of 2,180,562 16S rDNA sequences were generated for the Bacteria domain by MiSeq sequencing. The bacterial diversity was composed of 24 bacterial phyla, with the most abundant being Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Other phyla with less diversity were also identified including Eurychaeota, Tenericutes, SR1 Absconditalbacteria, Synergistetes, Actinobacteria, Saccharibacteria, Elusimicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, Lentisphaerae. The similarity in the bacterial community averaged 50% for all the experimental diets. Steers-fed corn silage exhibited a great diversity of bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum. The steers-fed oilseeds in the diet had a great diversity of bacteria from the phylum Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The inclusion of whole oilseeds in the steer diets can alter the rumen bacteria population by up to 50% of total diversity.
The retina is the sensory tissue responsible for the first stages of visual processing, with a conserved anatomy and functional architecture among vertebrates. To date, retinal eye diseases, such as ...diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and others, affect nearly 170 million people worldwide, resulting in vision loss and blindness. To tackle retinal disorders, the developing retina has been explored as a versatile model to study intercellular signaling, as it presents a broad neurochemical repertoire that has been approached in the last decades in terms of signaling and diseases. Retina, dissociated and arranged as typical cultures, as mixed or neuron- and glia-enriched, and/or organized as neurospheres and/or as organoids, are valuable to understand both neuronal and glial compartments, which have contributed to revealing roles and mechanisms between transmitter systems as well as antioxidants, trophic factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Overall, contributions in understanding neurogenesis, tissue development, differentiation, connectivity, plasticity, and cell death are widely described. A complete access to the genome of several vertebrates, as well as the recent transcriptome at the single cell level at different stages of development, also anticipates future advances in providing cues to target blinding diseases or retinal dysfunctions.
We present new records of Gray-bellied Hawk,
Accipiter poliogaster
(Temminck, 1824), and Rufous-thighed Hawk,
A. striatus erythronemius
(Kaup, 1850), from northeastern Brazil and review the ...occurrence of these species in this region. While
A. s. erythronemius
occurs in secondary forests in the semi-arid regions of northeast Brazil,
A. poliogaster
seems to be associated more with mature and wet forests and not in the Caatinga scrub.
The use of corticosteroids may help control the cytokine storm occurring in acute respiratory failure due to the severe form of COVID-19. We evaluated the postacute effect of corticosteroids used ...during the acute phase, such as impairment in pulmonary function parameters, on day 120 (D120)-follow-up, in participants who survived over 28 days.
This is a parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase IIb clinical trial carried out between April 18 and October 9, 2020, conducted in hospitalized patients with clinical-radiological suspicion of COVID-19, aged 18 years or older, with SpO
≤ 94% on room air or requiring supplementary oxygen, or under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in a referral center in Manaus, Western Brazilian Amazon. Intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) (0.5 mg/kg) was given two times daily for 5 days to these patients. The primary outcome used for this study was pulmonary function testing at day 120 follow-up visit.
Out of the total of surviving patients at day 28 (
= 246) from the Metcovid study, a total of 118 underwent satisfactory pulmonary function testing (62 in the placebo arm and 56 in the MP arm). The supportive treatment was similar between the placebo and MP groups (seven 11% vs. four 7%;
= 0.45). At hospital admission, IL-6 levels were higher in the MP group (
< 0.01). Also, the need for ICU (
= 0.06), need for IMV (
= 0.07), and creatine kinase (
= 0.05) on admission also tended to be higher in this group. In the univariate analysis, forced expiratory volume on 1st second of exhalation (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) at D120 follow-up were significantly higher in patients in the MP arm, being this last parameter also significantly higher in the multivariate analysis independently of IMV and IL-6 levels on admission.
The use of steroids for at least 5 days in severe COVID-19 was associated with a higher FVC, which suggests that hospitalized COVID-19 patients might benefit from the use of MP in its use in the long-term, with less pulmonary restrictive functions, attributed to fibrosis.
ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT04343729.
O estado de abandono e depredação dos sítios paleontológicos das bacias do Rio do Peixe é motivo de preocupação para as autoridades e para a sociedade há algum tempo. Denúncias foram feitas e ...constatadas, tanto de extração de areia no Parque Monumento Natural Vale dos Dinossauros quanto de retiradas de fósseis de sítios cadastrados pela SIGEP (Comissão Brasileira de Sítios Geológicos e Paleobiológicos).O presente trabalho teve como objetivo georreferenciar os sítios paleontológicos das bacias do Rio do Peixe, definir um diagnóstico de vulnerabilidade desses sítios e estabelecer propostas para medidas de proteção.Foram realizadas dez etapas de trabalhos de campo, nos anos de 2008 e 2009, com o revezamento de técnicos do DNPM. Além de um mapa georreferenciado, com os sítios paleontológicos das bacias do Rio do Peixe, foram definidos nove fatores que contribuem mais acentuadamente para a vulnerabilidade dos sítios, sendo que a ação natural do intemperismo e a ação antrópica são os dois principais. A maioria dos sítios estudados possui vulnerabilidade de média a alta, sendo que os sítios com maior vulnerabilidade são: Pedregulho, Piau/Caiçara, Várzea dos Ramos, Lagoa dos Patos, Cabra Assada e Matadouro. Entre eles, atualmente, o Sítio Matadouro pode ser considerado como um sítio destruído, não sendo possível a sua recuperação.Dez propostas foram estabelecidas como medidas de proteção desses sítios paleontológicos.
The abandoned state and depredation of the paleontological geosites at the Rio do Peixe basins have been for some time a reason for concern to authorities and the society. Removal of sand from the ...Monumento Natural Vale dos Dinossauros Park and removal of fossils from sites catalogued by SIGEP (Comissão Brasileira de Sítios Geológicos e Paleobiológicos) have been made public and recognized through this study. The aims of this paper are to: georeference the paleontological sites from the Rio do Peixe basins, provide a diagnostic of vunerability for these sites, and establish proposals for protection measures. Ten field work were carried out, in 2008 and 2009, by the technicians from DNPM. Besides a georeferenced map of the paleontological sites from the Rio do Peixe basins, nine factors that strongly contribute for the vulnerability of the sites were defined, the main ones being the natural action of weathering and the antropic action. Most of the studied sites have medium to high vulnerability degree. The most vulnerable site are: Pedregulho, Piau/Caiçara, Várzea dos Ramos, Lagoa dos Patos, Cabra Assada, and Matadouro. Currently, Matadouro Site can be considered a completely destroyed, being, its recovery no longer possible. Ten protection measures were proposed for these paleontological sites.
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