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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of regular consumption of milk kefir on the development of pre-neoplastic colonic lesions. Thirty Wistar rats received water (Control group) or ...milk (Milk group) or kefir (Kefir group) during five weeks. After that, colonic lesions were chemically induced and the treatments continued for more thirteen weeks. The regular consumption of kefir was able to reduce the incidence of aberrant crypt foci by 36%. Also, the consumption of kefir increased the cecal concentration of short chain fatty acids; reduced the lactulose/mannitol ratio; promoted an increase in the colonic concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β, and the enzyme catalase in comparison with the control group. Thus, kefir reduced the development of lesions, probably by increasing the production of short chain fatty acids; reduction of intestinal permeability; immunomodulation and improvement of colonic antioxidant activity.
White matter (WM) structural changes, particularly affecting the corpus callosum (CC), seem to be critically implicated in psychosis. Whether such abnormalities are progressive or static is still a ...matter of debate in schizophrenia research. Aberrant maturation processes might also influence the longitudinal trajectory of age-related CC changes in schizophrenia patients. We investigated whether patients with first-episode schizophrenia-related psychoses (FESZ) would present longitudinal CC and whole WM volume changes over the 5 years after disease onset.
Thirty-two FESZ patients and 34 controls recruited using a population-based design completed a 5-year assessment protocol, including structural MRI scanning at baseline and follow-up. The linear effects of disease duration, clinical outcome and antipsychotic (AP) use over time on WM and CC volumes were studied using both voxelwise and volume-based morphometry analyses. We also examined maturation/aging abnormalities through cross-sectional analyses of age-related trajectories of total WM and CC volume changes.
No interaction between diagnosis and time was observed, and clinical outcome did not influence CC volumes in patients. On the other hand, FESZ patients continuously exposed to AP medication showed volume increase over time in posterior CC. Curve-estimation analyses revealed a different aging pattern in FESZ patients versus controls: while patients displayed a linear decline of total WM and anterior CC volumes with age, a non-linear trajectory of total WM and relative preservation of CC volumes were observed in controls.
Continuous AP exposure can influence CC morphology during the first years after schizophrenia onset. Schizophrenia is associated with an abnormal pattern of total WM and anterior CC aging during non-elderly adulthood, and this adds complexity to the discussion on the static or progressive nature of structural abnormalities in psychosis.
•Continuous exposure to antipsychotics is associated with increased corpus callosum.•White matter presents a dysmaturational pattern in psychotic patients.•Chronicity and clinical outcome do not influence white matter volumes.
We report the synthesis of twelve indole derivatives bearing nitro or amide groups via Fischer indole methodology followed by reduction/acetylation and amidation reactions. After thorough ...characterization, these indoles were subjected to a number of studies in order to evaluate their bioactive potential as photosynthesis and plant growth inhibitors. Firstly, these molecular hybrids were evaluated as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors through chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence measurement. In this study, 6‐chloro‐8‐nitro‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazole (15a) and 5‐chloro‐2,3‐dimethyl‐7‐nitro‐1H‐indole (15b) showed the best results by reducing the phenomenological parameters of reaction centers ABS/RC, TR0/RC and ET0/RC of PSII. Electron chain blockage by these compounds may lead to diminished ATP synthesis and CO2 fixation which interrupt the plant development. The compounds 15a and 15b both act as postemergent herbicides, reducing the dry biomass of Ipomoea grandifolia and Senna alata weeds by an average of 40% and 37%, respectively, corroborating the fluorescence results. Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed that the presence of strong electron‐withdrawing groups at the indole phenyl ring is important for the ligand’s interaction with the binding pocket of protein D1 on PSII. The optimization of these molecular features is the goal of our research group in further understanding and development of new potent herbicides.
This work reports the synthesis of indole nitrogen hybrids and their bioactive potential as photosystem inhibitors. The molecular hybrids were evaluated as photosystem II inhibitors through chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and plant growth inhibitors. Compounds 6‐Chloro‐8‐nitro‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazole and 5‐chloro‐2,3‐dimethyl‐7‐nitro‐1H‐indole showed the best results by reducing the phenomenological parameters of the reaction center, diminishing ATP synthesis and CO2 fixation which interrupt the plant development. Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed that the presence of strong electron withdrawing groups at the indole phenyl ring are important for the ligands’ interaction with the binding pocked of protein D1.
Le système international de contrôle des drogues repose sur la limitation de la circulation des drogues au champ médico-scientifique. Cet article analyse les conditions d’implantation et de ...stabilisation de ce champ au Brésil entre les années 1920 et 1950 au travers du prisme de la commission chargée de contrôler les drogues au Brésil (CNFE). Il analyse les processus d’inclusion et d’exclusion qui sont liés à la délimitation de ce champ et revient sur cette période dans laquelle les mesures du contrôle des stupéfiants visaient avant tout ceux qui étaient leurs distributeurs légitimes : les professionnels et établissements de santé.
The rheometric properties of natural rubber compounds containing the compound tetrabutylammonium bis(N‐phenylsulfonyldithiocarbimate)zincate(II) as the accelerator are modulated by means of the ...response surface methodology (RSM), where the Face Centred Central Composite Design (FCCD) with three factors and three levels was chosen with the objective to obtain the relationship among the evaluated properties and factor levels. The factors in the experimental design are the amounts of both accelerator and sulfur and the vulcanization temperature. The compounds are evaluated as for the scorch time, optimum vulcanization time, and maximum torque. For each of these properties the Regression analysis, the pareto diagram and the fitted surface are obtained. Concerning the scorch and optimum vulcanization times, the most important factors are the vulcanization temperature and the amount of accelerator, respectively. Regarding the maximum torque, the most significant factors are the amounts of sulfur and accelerator. Considering the optimum vulcanization time a regression model with good accuracy could be obtained. The function desirability is used to obtain an optimum condition for an adequate cure system related to a set of desired intervals for the properties of interest.
The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the metabolites present in the roots of Combretum lanceolatum inoculated with its endophytic fungi. The metabolomics was accomplished using the 1H ...nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data and evaluated via rNMR software and Madison Metabolomics Consortium Database (MMCD). The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that plants inoculated with Trichoderma spirale (Ts) present differentiation and discrimination over the time compared to control. Seven days after Ts fungal inoculation, 15 metabolites were identified at different concentrations comparing to the control plants. The plants inoculated with Ts fungus present the metabolites spermidine and pantothenate in higher concentrations and 3-hydroxybutyric acid and b-alanine in lower concentrations compared to control plants, indicating any response to biotic stress. These metabolites are involved in various plant processes, including secondary metabolites biosynthesis, energy metabolism and self-defense. Therefore, this work demonstrates the diversification of primary metabolites composition influenced by endophytes inoculation.
No artigo é examinada a temática do jardim de cura como um recurso na arquitetura da paisagem, para o suporte à terapêutica tradicionalmente aplicada à reabilitação de dependentes químicos, assunto ...ainda pouco disseminado no país, e na América Latina. Mas será que o potencial terapêutico da natureza é explorado de maneira adequada para atuar como parte ativa na reabilitação de indivíduos adictos? A partir do estudo de caso desenvolvido junto ao Hospital Espírita de Porto Alegre, nesta pesquisa procura-se evidenciar a matéria do jardim de cura, e divulgá-la como uma ferramenta no planejamento dos espaços abertos para o restabelecimento da saúde humana. O artigo é uma pesquisa qualitativa em que são empregadas as técnicas metodológicas survey e observação. Além disso, está assente em relevantes referências bibliográficas que permeiam o tema, no exame de normativas que regulamentam os espaços abertos de instituições desta especialidade, na apresentação de notáveis exemplares de jardins de cura, e na abordagem de teoria que apoia a relação entre natureza e bem-estar. Dentre os desfechos do estudo, é sublinhada a necessidade de reformulação dos regulamentos que normatizam os espaços abertos de entidades dedicadas à reabilitação de adictos.
Paracetamol (PAR) is a drug widely used in human and veterinary medicine as an analgesic and antipyretic, often involved in cases of intoxication. The most common clinical signs result from damage to ...red blood cells and hepatocytes, and this intoxication is considered a model for the induction of acute liver failure. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against experimental paracetamol (PAR) poisoning were analysed. Thirty-five adult Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus albinus) were randomly assigned to five groups, and thirty-one of these survived the treatments. Negative control group (CON-) received 1mL of 0.9% NaCl orally (PO). Other groups received 1.2g/kg of PAR (PO). Positive control group (CON+) received only PAR. NAC group received 800 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) of NAC 1h after the administration of PAR and at 12 h received 1mL of 0.9% NaCl, IP. The fourth group (CoQ10) received 1h and 12 h after intoxication, CoQ10 (10mg/kg IP). And the fifth group (NAC+CoQ10) received NAC (800mg/kg, IP) and CoQ10 (10mg/kg, IP). After 12 hours, the rats were euthanized and necropsied to collect liver and kidney tissues for histopathological evaluation and electronic microscopy. A single dose of PAR caused severe acute hepatitis. NAC couldn't reverse the liver and kidney damages. The group that received CoQ10 and NAC had moderate liver damage, while the group that received only CoQ10 had lower values of liver enzymes and mild liver and kidney damage. Animals that received treatment with CoQ10 or NAC+CoQ10 presented normal hepatocyte mitochondria and nuclei. Although CoQ10 couldn't reverse PAR organ damage, results indicate promising hepatoprotection in Wistar rats.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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