The functional l‐asparaginase from Escherichia coli is a homotetramer with a molecular weight of about 142 kDa. The X‐ray structure of the enzyme, crystallized in a new form (space group C2) and ...refined to 1.95 Å resolution, is compared with that of the previously determined crystal form (space group P21). The asymmetric unit of the new crystal form contains an l‐asparaginase dimer instead of the tetramer found in the previous crystal form. It is found that crystal contacts practically do not affect the conformation of the protein. It is shown that subunit C of the tetrameric form is in a conformation which is systematically different from that of all other subunits in both crystal forms. Major conformational differences are confined to the lid loop (residues 14–27). In addition, the stability of this globular protein is analyzed in terms of the interactions between hydrophobic parts of the subunits.
Functional endonasal endoscopic surgery is a frequent surgical procedure among otorhinolaryngologists. In 2014, the European Society of Rhinology published the “European Position Paper on the ...Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses”, aiming to unify the terms in the English language. We do not yet have a unified terminology in the Portuguese language.
Transcultural adaptation of the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal cavities of the “European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses” to Portuguese.
A group of rhinologists from diverse parts of Brazil, all experienced in endoscopic endonasal surgery, was invited to participate in the creation of this position paper on the anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the Portuguese language according to the methodology adapted from that previously described by Rudmik and Smith.
The results of this document were generated based on the agreement of the majority of the participants according to the most popular suggestions among the rhinologists. A cross-cultural adaptation of the sinonasal anatomical terminology was consolidated. We suggest the terms “inferior turbinate”, “nasal septum”, “(bone/cartilaginous) part of the nasal septum”, “(middle/inferior) nasal meatus”, “frontal sinus drainage pathway”, “frontal recess” and “uncinate process” be standardized.
We have consolidated a Portuguese version of the European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses, which will help in the publication of technical announcements, scientific publications and the teaching of the internal anatomical terms of the nose and paranasal sinuses in Brazil.
A cirurgia endoscópica funcional endonasal é um procedimento cirúrgico frequente entre os otorrinolaringologistas. Em 2014, a Sociedade Europeia de Rinologia publicou o “Documento Europeu para Posicionamento sobre a Terminologia Anatômica Interna do Nariz e das Cavidades Paranasais” com o objetivo de unificar os termos na língua inglesa. Ainda não dispomos de uma terminologia unificada na língua portuguesa.
Adaptação transcultural dos termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português da “European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses”.
Um grupo de rinologistas de todo o Brasil, com experiência em cirurgia endoscópica endonasal, foi convidado a participar da elaboração desse posicionamento sobre os termos anatômicos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais para o português conforme metodologia adaptada da previamente descrita por Rudmik e Smith.
Os resultados desse documento foram gerados a partir da concordância da maioria dos participantes conforme as sugestões mais populares entre os rinologistas. Uma adaptação transcultural da terminologia anatômica nasossinusal foi consolidada. Sugerimos que se busque uniformizar termos como “concha inferior”, “septo nasal”, “porção (óssea/cartilagionasa) do septo nasal”, “meato (médio/ inferior) nasal”, “via da drenagem do seio frontal”,“recesso frontal” e “processo uncinado”.
Consolidamos uma versão adaptada em português da “European Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses” que auxiliará a publicação de comunicados técnicos, publicações científicas e o ensino dos termos anatômicos internos do nariz e das cavidades paranasais no Brasil.
Describe the results of a 1- to 24-month follow-up of individuals undergoing transbronchoscopic placement of one-way valves.
Longitudinal, noncomparative study.
University hospital.
Nineteen ...heterogeneous emphysema patients.
Pulmonary function testing, imaging examination, and videobronchoscopy were performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the insertion of one-way valves. Mean age was 67.63 +/- 8.71 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.02 +/- 2.65, and mean exposure to smoking was 65.32 +/- 27.46 pack-years (+/- SD). Baseline BODE index (BMI, degree of airflow obstruction and dyspnea, exercise capacity as measured by the 6-min walk test 6MWT) was 7 to 10 in 10 patients (estimated 4-year mortality, 80%) and 5 to 6 in 9 patients (estimated 4-year mortality, 40%). Sixty-four valves were inserted. There was no procedure-related mortality. Nonsustained atelectasis was observed within 48 h in 2 of 12 patients with right upper lobe occlusion. Fifty-six bronchoscopic examinations were performed in 24 months. Granulomas not requiring treatment were the main complication. Mucus clogging the valve, mainly at 1 month, was easily cleaned. Eighteen patients completed the 1- and 3-month follow-ups, 14 patients completed the 6-month follow-up, 11 patients completed the 12-month follow-up, and 5 patients completed the 24-month follow-up. Improvement was observed in the 6MWT after 1 month (p = 0.028) and in the BODE index at 3 months (p = 0.002). FEV1 or FVC improvement > or = 12% or > or = 150 mL was observed, respectively, in 4 of 18 patients and 8 of 18 patients at 1 month, 4 of 18 patients and 7 of 18 patients at 3 months, and in 3 of 14 patients and 5 of 14 patients at 6 months. After 24 months, one of five patients and three of five patients, respectively, retained an FEV1 and FVC change > or = 12% or > or = 150 mL. Significant improvement (decrease > or = 4%) in the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire was observed at 3 months and 6 months in three of four domains.
Endobronchial valves are safe, but the criteria to measure improvement and to select patients should be refined. Atelectasis should be reconsidered as primary treatment goal.
Although interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) plays a critical role in periodontitis, no information is available regarding the effect of smoking on this cytokine in the periodontium. Therefore, this study aimed to ...evaluate the effect of smoking on the IFN‐γ levels in gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis. Sixty‐two patients were assigned to three groups: healthy non‐smoking and periodontally healthy individuals (probing depth ≤ 3 mm and no bleeding on probing; n = 12); periodontitis non‐smokers clinically diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (probing depth ≥ 5 mm and bleeding on probing; n = 25); and smoking smokers (≥ 1 pack/day for at least 10 yr) diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (n = 25). Gingival biopsies were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Regardless of smoking status, diseased patients presented higher levels of IFN‐γ than peridontally healthy patients. In sites with comparable types of periodontitis, smoking increased both protein and mRNA levels of IFN‐γ in gingival tissue. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that modulation of periodontal tissue destruction by smoking may involve its effect on IFN‐γ production.
Zika virus complete genome from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil Giovanetti, Marta; Faria, Nuno Rodrigues; Nunes, Marcio Roberto Teixeira ...
Infection, genetics and evolution,
July 2016, 2016-07-00, 20160701, Letnik:
41
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In May 2015 the first autochthonous Zika virus infection was reported in Brazil. Rapid and urgent measures are needed to contain the ongoing outbreak. Here we report the full-length ZIKV coding ...sequence from Bahia. Genetic analysis of outbreak sequences will be essential for characterizing the diversity of circulating strains, identifying hotspots of virus transmission and guiding public health control. Rapid and urgent measures are needed to contain the ongoing outbreak.
•Phylogeny of Zika Virus was investigated by analyzing the complete genome sequence from Salvador Bahia, Brazil.•Evolutionary analysis was investigated considering the Envelope, NS3, NS5 proteins of Zika Virus.•This study reinforces the need to monitor the spread of the still ongoing outbreak of Zika Virus.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of the blood glucose (BG) level in emotional learning in the elevated plus maze (EPM), an animal model of anxiety. In Experiment 1, male Wistar ...rats were submitted to different EPM trial lengths (1- or 5-min). Blood samples were withdrawn before and after the maze exploration, through a polyethylene cannula chronically implanted into the jugular vein. In Experiment 2, the animals received either saline or 2-deoxy-
d-glucose, a glucoprivic drug (2-DG, 250 or 500
mg
kg
−1) by i.p. route, 30
min before a 5-min EPM exposure and were retested in the maze (Trial1/Trial2 EPM procedure) 24
h later. In an independent group of rats, blood samples were withdrawn 0, 5, 15, and 30
min after 2-DG administration, through the jugular vein, to determine BG. In Experiment 3, the animals underwent a vagotomy and were tested in a Trial1/Trial2 EPM procedure four weeks later. The results showed that rats exploring the EPM for 5
min displayed increased fear and higher hyperglycemia than those exploring the EPM for 1
min. In addition, rats submitted to 5-min EPM Trial1 length displayed higher level of fear on Trial2, as well as higher percentage of shortening of the %Open arm entries and %Open arm time from Trial1 to Trial2, which characterizes the occurrence of emotional learning. In contrast, rats previously vagotomized or treated with 2-DG (500
mg
kg
−1) showed the same level of fear on both EPM trials and a low percentage of shortening, from Trial1 to Trial2, of the %Open arm entries and %Open arm time, indicating poor emotional learning. The data is discussed regarding the role of glycaemia in emotional learning in the EPM.
Abstract
Background
It is unknown whether lung-protective ventilation is applied in burn patients and whether they benefit from it. This study aimed to determine ventilation practices in burn ...intensive care units (ICUs) and investigate the association between lung-protective ventilation and the number of ventilator-free days and alive at day 28 (VFD-28).
Methods
This is an international prospective observational cohort study including adult burn patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Low tidal volume (VT) was defined as VT ≤ 8 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW). Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and maximum airway pressures were collected. The association between VT and VFD-28 was analyzed using a competing risk model. Ventilation settings were presented for all patients, focusing on the first day of ventilation. We also compared ventilation settings between patients with and without inhalation trauma.
Results
A total of 160 patients from 28 ICUs in 16 countries were included. Low VT was used in 74% of patients, median VT size was 7.3 interquartile range (IQR) 6.2–8.3 mL/kg PBW and did not differ between patients with and without inhalation trauma (p = 0.58). Median VFD-28 was 17 (IQR 0–26), without a difference between ventilation with low or high VT (p = 0.98). All patients were ventilated with PEEP levels ≥5 cmH2O; 80% of patients had maximum airway pressures <30 cmH2O.
Conclusion
In this international cohort study we found that lung-protective ventilation is used in the majority of burn patients, irrespective of the presence of inhalation trauma. Use of low VT was not associated with a reduction in VFD-28.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02312869. Date of registration: 9 December 2014.
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