High performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) was applied to the separation of protein and peptide mixtures with molecular masses ranging from 1300 to 96000 Da using a new bonded hydrophilic ...phase capillary, CElect-P150. This coated capillary reduces the interaction between proteins and silanol groups in capillary walls, allowing a complete recovery of the proteins and peptides of interest. HPCE was also used for the analysis of a complex mixture of tryptic fragments and to monitor the process of enzymatic digestion. Moreover, using a CElect-P150 capillary, highly reproducible analysis was possible without preconditioning the capillary with acid or basic solutions before each new analysis.
In this paper, we assume a world of two countries in a fixed exchange rate system. The main difference between the two countries lies in the features of their labor markets. In the home country, we ...assume the existence of a dual labor market, with formal and informal sectors. In the foreign country, the labor market is homogeneous and characterized by a nominal wage rigidity. In this context, the situation of labor market in each country is not optimal through a misallocation of workers between sectors in domestic economy, and unemployment in foreign economy. Our article shows that a devaluation of domestic currency implies a fall in production in each country, an increase in unemployment in foreign economy and a worse reallocation of workers by a growth of informal sector in domestic economy.
We study the influence of wage differential on the emergence of endogenous fluctuations. In this way, we introduce a dual labor market, based on the Shapiro-Stiglitz efficiency wage theory in an ...overlapping generations model. We show that wage inequality is a source of endogenous fluctuations. Indeed, a sufficiently strong wage differentialleads to the occurrence of cycles of period two and local indeterminacy. Moreover, in contrast to several existing contributions, these results depend neither on increasing returns to scale, nor on the degree of capital-labor substitution.
We study the influence of wage differential on the emergence of endogenous fluctuations. In this way, we introduce a dual labor market, based on the Shapiro-Stiglitz efficiency wage theory in an ...overlapping generations model. We show that wage inequality is a source of endogenous fluctuations. Indeed, a sufficiently strong wage differentialleads to the occurrence of cycles of period two and local indeterminacy. Moreover, in contrast to several existing contributions, these results depend neither on increasing returns to scale, nor on the degree of capital-labor substitution.
We consider a segmented labor market characterized by a Shapiro-Stiglitz efficiency wage setting in both sectors. However, the primary sector and the secondary sector differ in the firing cost which ...induces a wage diffential. We suppose also a heterogeneous labor force characterized by the presence of and workers. Only controlled non-shirking workers of the secondary sector can enter in the primary one. This flow of these ones is assimilated to promoted workers. We show that involuntary unemployment emerges at the equilibrium because of efficiency wage setting in both sectors. We argue also that a reduction of the firing cost in the primary sector leads to a lower unemployment of both worker types and raises wage discrimination.
Neutrino telescopes are moving steadily toward the goal of detecting astrophysical neutrinos from the most powerful galactic and extragalactic sources. Here we describe analysis methods to search for ...high energy point-like neutrino sources using detectors deep in the ice or sea. We simulate an ideal cubic kilometer detector based on real world performance of existing detectors such as AMANDA, IceCube, and ANTARES. An unbinned likelihood ratio method is applied, making use of the point spread function and energy distribution of simulated neutrino signal events to separate them from the background of atmospheric neutrinos produced by cosmic ray showers. The unbinned point source analyses are shown to perform better than binned searches and, depending on the source spectral index, the use of energy information is shown to improve discovery potential by almost a factor of two.
The occurrence of leiomyoma of the rectum is uncommon. Most of these lesions are clinically silent and are found incidentally during laparotomy or endoscopic procedures for unrelated conditions. ...Symptomatic leiomyomas of the rectum are encountered less frequently, with only sporadic reports in the literature. We describe a case of a leiomyoma of the rectum presenting as recurrent lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage and secondary anemia.
AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE) for the detection of dysplasia in long-standing ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:We prospectively performed a surveillance ...colonoscopy in 51 patients affected by long-standing UC.Also,in the presence of macroscopic areas with suspected dysplasia,both targeted contrasted indigo carmine endoscopic assessment and probe-based CLE were performed.Colic mucosal biopsies and histology,utilised as the gold standard,were assessed randomly and on visible lesions,in accordance with current guidelines.RESULTS:Fourteen of the 51 patients(27%) showed macroscopic mucosal alterations with the suspected presence of dysplasia,needing chromoendoscopic and CLE evaluation.In 5 macroscopically suspected cases,the presence of dysplasia was confirmed by histology(3 flat dysplasia;2 DALMs).No dysplasia/cancer was found on any of the outstanding random biopsies.The diagnostic accuracy of CLE for the detection of dysplasia compared to standard histology was sensitivity 100%,specificity 90%,positive predictive value 83% and negative predictive value 100%.CONCLUSION:CLE is an accurate tool for the detection of dysplasia in long-standing UC and shows optimal values of sensitivity and negative predictivity.The scheduled combined application of chromoendoscopy and CLE could maximize the endoscopic diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of dysplasia in UC patients,thus limiting the need for biopsies.
This paper reports a study aimed at gaining new information on the molecular composition of fruitbodies of Tuber spp. The presence
of proteins homologous to TBF-1, which is highly specific for the ...fruitbody-phase of Tuber borchii, has been investigated in other
white truffles. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that only Tuber dryophilum fruitbodies possess a similar protein. This protein was purified
by HPLC and partially sequenced, confirming a high degree of homology with TBF-1. Several PCR analyses of the genomic DNA,
were performed to evaluate whether the absence of proteins homologous to TBF-1 in other white truffle species was a result of the
absence of the coding genes. T. dryophilum gave an amplification product corresponding to the entire gene (tdf-1), but no products
were obtained from the other species. Tdf-1 was sequenced and its organisation studied since it is one of the first genes isolated
from a Tuber species. The deduced amino acid sequence was compared to that of TBF-1, to evaluate the presence of conserved
regions, in an attempt to gain new information about their role in fruitbody formation.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. It includes different subtypes that differ in their clinical and prognostic features. In the past decade, in addition to the ...conventional adenoma-carcinoma model, an alternative multistep mechanism of carcinogenesis, namely the "serrated pathway", has been described. Approximately, 15 to 30% of all CRCs arise from neoplastic serrated polyps, a heterogeneous group of lesions that are histologically classified into three morphologic categories: hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas/polyps, and the traditional serrated adenomas/polyps. Serrated polyps are characterized by genetic (
or
mutations) and epigenetic (CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)) alterations that cooperate to initiate and drive malignant transformation from normal colon mucosa to polyps, and then to CRC. The high heterogeneity of the serrated lesions renders their diagnostic and pathological interpretation difficult. Hence, novel genetic and epigenetic biomarkers are required for better classification and management of CRCs. To date, several molecular alterations have been associated with the serrated polyp-CRC sequence. In addition, the gut microbiota is emerging as a contributor to/modulator of the serrated pathway. This review summarizes the state of the art of the genetic, epigenetic and microbiota signatures associated with serrated CRCs, together with their clinical implications.
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