The risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity are still poorly understood. Considering the pivotal role of the gut microbiota on host immune and inflammatory functions, we ...investigated the association between changes in the gut microbiota composition and the clinical severity of COVID-19. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study prospectively enrolling 115 COVID-19 patients categorized according to: (1) the WHO Clinical Progression Scale—mild, 19 (16.5%); moderate, 37 (32.2%); or severe, 59 (51.3%), and (2) the location of recovery from COVID-19—ambulatory, 14 (household isolation, 12.2%); hospitalized in ward, 40 (34.8%); or hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 61 (53.0%). Gut microbiota analysis was performed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the data obtained were further related to the clinical parameters of COVID-19 patients. The risk factors for COVID-19 severity were identified by univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. In comparison to mild COVID-19 patients, the gut microbiota of moderate and severe patients have: (a) lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio; (b) higher abundance of Proteobacteria; and (c) lower abundance of beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria such as the genera
Roseburia
and
Lachnospira
. Multivariable regression analysis showed that the Shannon diversity index odds ratio (OR) = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.09–7.41,
p
= 0.032) and C-reactive protein (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.33–8.91,
p
= 0.011) are risk factors for severe COVID-19 (a score of 6 or higher in the WHO Clinical Progression Scale). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 have microbial signatures of gut dysbiosis; for the first time, the gut microbiota diversity is pointed out as a prognostic biomarker of COVID-19 severity.
Changes in eating patterns have been leading to an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), negatively impacting the quality of the diet and generating risk of harm to the health ...of the adult population, however, there is no systematized evidence of the impact of UPF in maternal-child health. Thus, in this study we aimed to evaluated the association between UPF consumption and health outcomes in the maternal-child population.
Systematic review registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021236633), conducted according to the PRISMA diagram in the following databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and CAPES thesis and dissertation directory. We included original cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies in any language. Eligibility criteria were (a) food consumption assessment by the NOVA classification, (b) health outcome (nutritional or diseases), and (c) maternal-child population (pregnant, lactating women and infants/children). All data were analyzed and extracted to a spreadsheet structured by two independent reviewers. We evaluated the methodological quality of the studies included using the Newcastle-Otawa Scale and RoB 2.
Searches retrieved 7,801 studies and 15 contemplated the eligibility criteria. Most studies included were cohort studies (
= 8, 53%), had children as their population (
= 9, 60%) and only one study evaluated UPF consumption in infants and lactating women. Panoramically, we observed that a higher participation of UPF in children's diet has been associated with different maternal-child outcomes, such as increase of weight gain, adiposity measures, overweight, early weaning, lower diet quality, metabolic alterations, diseases, and consumption of plastic originated from packaging. Only one of the studies included did not present high methodological quality.
Despite the limited literature on UPF consumption and health outcomes in the maternal-child population, the highest UPF consumption negatively impacted nutrition and disease development indicators in pregnant, lactating women and children. Considering the expressive participation of these foods in the diet, other studies should be conducted to further investigate the impact of UPF consumption on different health indicators, especially in the lactation phase for this was the one to present the most important knowledge gap.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021236633, identifier CRD42021236633.
Two binucelar oxidovanadium complexes, (VO
2
)
2
(µ-Hpydn)
2
(1) and (VO)
2
(µ-pydn)
2
(bpy)
2
·5H
2
O (2), where pydn = pyridoxine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, were synthesized and characterized by ...elemental analysis and infrared (IR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electronic (UV-vis) spectroscopies. The structure of 2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It is comprised of two distorted octahedral oxidovanadium(IV) centers with a terminal bpy ligand and bridged by the methoxido group of the pydn ligands, forming the {V
IV
O(µ-OR)
2
}
2+
core with anti-orthogonal configuration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level were used to obtain the optimized geometries and to study the electronic structure of 1 and 2. For 2, EPR analysis in the solid state, magnetic susceptibility measurements and the theoretical magnetic exchange coupling constant (J) of 20.1 cm
−1
indicate a weak ferromagnetic coupling.
51
V NMR and EPR spectroscopies suggest partial breakage of both binuclear structures in solution. Both complexes act as pre-catalysts for the bromination of phenol red to phenol blue in the presence of KBr, H
2
O
2
and perchloric acid.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A promising strategy to overcome multidrug resistance is the use of inhibitors of ABC drug transporters. For this reason, we evaluated the polyoxovanadates (POVs) (V
10
O
28
6−
(
V
10
), H
6
V
14
O
...38
(PO
4
)
5−
(
V
14
), V
15
O
36
Cl
6−
(
V
15
) and V
18
O
42
I
7−
(
V
18
) as inhibitors of three major multidrug resistance-linked ABC transporters: P-glycoprotein (P-gp), ABCG2 and MRP1. All of the POVs selectively inhibited P-gp.
V
10
and
V
18
were the two most promising compounds, with IC
50
values of transport inhibition of 25.4 and 22.7 μM, respectively. Both compounds inhibited P-gp ATPase activity, with the same IC
50
value of 1.26 μM.
V
10
and
V
18
triggered different conformational changes in the P-gp protein with time-dependent inhibition, which was confirmed using the synthesized salt of V
10
with rhodamine B,
RhoB-V
10
.
A promising strategy to overcome multidrug resistance is the use of inhibitors of ABC drug transporters. For this reason, we evaluated the polyoxovanadates (POVs) V10O286– (V10), H6V14O38(PO4)5− ...(V14), V15O36Cl6− (V15) and V18O42I7− (V18) as inhibitors of three major multidrug resistance‐linked ABC transporters: P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), ABCG2 and MRP1. All of the POVs selectively inhibited P‐gp. V10 and V18 were the two most promising compounds, with IC50 values of transport inhibition of 25.4 and 22.7 µm, respectively. Both compounds inhibited P‐gp ATPase activity, with the same IC50 value of 1.26 µm. V10 and V18 triggered different conformational changes in the P‐gp protein with time‐dependent inhibition, which was confirmed using the synthesized salt of V10 with rhodamine B, RhoB‐V10. The hydrophilic nature of POVs supports the hypothesis that these compounds target an unusual ligand‐binding site, opening new possibilities in the development of potent modulators of ABC transporters.
One of the main challenges in cancer treatment is the resistance mediated by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). We described polyoxovanadates (POVs) as new selective P‐gp inhibitors. The two best compounds were V10O286– (V10) and V18O42(I)7− (V18). These compounds were not transported, inhibited the ATPase activity and triggered different protein conformational changes. In addition, compound RhoB‐V10 confirmed the time‐dependent intracellular accumulation of POVs.
•About half of rats treated with ayahuasca at 4X and 8X doses died.•8X dose rats showed kidney injury and neuronal loss, also found in 2X dose rats.•Delayed intrauterine growth, embryo deaths and ...foetal anomalies observed at 8X dose.•Embryolethality and foetal soft-tissue and skeleton variations found at 1X and 2X doses.•NOAEL for maternal and developmental toxicity set at 1X dose (343 mg/kg bw/day powder).
Rats were treated orally with ayahuasca (AYA) on gestation days (GD) 6–20 at doses corresponding to one-(1X) to eight-fold (8X) the average dose taken by a human adult in a religious ritual, and the pregnancy outcome evaluated on GD21. Rats treated with 4X and 8X doses died during the treatment period (44 and 52%), and those that survived showed kidney injury. Rats surviving the 8X dose showed neuronal loss in hippocampal regions and in the raphe nuclei, and those from the 2X dose neuronal loss in CA1. Delayed intrauterine growth, induced embryo deaths and increased occurrence of foetal anomalies were observed at the 8X dose. At non-lethal doses, AYA enhanced embryolethality and the incidence of foetal soft-tissue and skeleton anomalies. This study suggested that AYA is developmentally toxic and that its daily use by pregnant women may pose risks for the conceptus.
Deficiency of micronutrients is a public health problem. Cow milk is a source of retinol. The objective of this study is to evaluate the retinol concentration in milk commercialized in Natal/RN. Ten ...samples were taken of each brand of UHT milk. Vitamin content was determined by HPLC using the Shimadzu LC-10 AD Chromatograph, coupled to the Shimadzu SPD 10 A UV-VIS Detector and the Shimadzu C-R6A Chromatopac Integrator with Shim-pack CLC-ODS (M) column, measuring 4.6 mm x 25 cm. The mobile phase was 100% methanol, with a flow of 1 mL/min. The mean retinol concentration varied between 22.7 ± 4.9 µg/100 mL and 44.1 ± 4.1 µg/100 mL, with the differences statistically significant (p<0.001). Only one of the 7 brands had retinol concentration below the normal requirements for human consumption.
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