Abstract
Understanding the extent of population genetic connectivity in highly mobile marine species is vital for delineating management units. However, obtaining samples for generating genetic data ...is challenging for species inhabiting inaccessible pelagic waters. As a result, management strategies do not always align with underlying population biology. Marine strandings provide an accessible and cost-effective sample source for research on elusive cetaceans and can be used collaboratively among stranding networks to generate ecosystem-wide population genetic assessments. Here, we used samples collected from strandings and free-ranging individuals across the North Atlantic to investigate population structure, genetic diversity, and individual relatedness in the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (AWSD; Lagenorhynchus acutus), a widely distributed marine predator. Mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed a complete lack of population differentiation across the species’ range, implying an unusual pattern of strong connectivity. No differences in genetic diversity among geographic regions and weak within-group relatedness further support the existence of species-wide panmixia in AWSD. This study emphasises the value of long-term stranding collections for cetacean research and has important implications for AWSD conservation management.
Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate Sallée, J B; Abrahamsen, E P; Allaigre, C ...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences,
06/2023, Letnik:
381, Številka:
2249
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Southern Ocean greatly contributes to the regulation of the global climate by controlling important heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rates of climate change on ...decadal timescales are therefore impacted by oceanic processes taking place in the Southern Ocean, yet too little is known about these processes. Limitations come both from the lack of observations in this extreme environment and its inherent sensitivity to intermittent processes at scales that are not well captured in current Earth system models. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate programme was launched to address this knowledge gap, with the overall objective to understand and quantify variability of heat and carbon budgets in the Southern Ocean through an investigation of the key physical processes controlling exchanges between the atmosphere, ocean and sea ice using a combination of observational and modelling approaches. Here, we provide a brief overview of the programme, as well as a summary of some of the scientific progress achieved during its first half. Advances range from new evidence of the importance of specific processes in Southern Ocean ventilation rate (e.g. storm-induced turbulence, sea-ice meltwater fronts, wind-induced gyre circulation, dense shelf water formation and abyssal mixing) to refined descriptions of the physical changes currently ongoing in the Southern Ocean and of their link with global climate. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
Fatal marine
Brucella
infections with histologic lesions specific to the central nervous system (CNS), known as neurobrucellosis, have been described in 5 species of odontocete cetaceans in the UK: ...striped dolphins
Stenella coeruleoalba
, Atlantic white-sided dolphins
Lagenorhynchus acutus
, short-beaked common dolphins
Delphinus delphis
, long-finned pilot whale
Globicephala melas
and Sowerby’s beaked whale
Mesoplodon bidens
. To date, these CNS lesions have only been associated with
Brucella ceti
ST26 and not with
B. pinnipedialis
, which is rarely isolated from cetaceans and, although commonly found in various seal species, has never been associated with any pathology. This paper describes the first report of neurobrucellosis in a common minke whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata
which was associated with the isolation of
Brucella pinnipedialis
ST24 and co-infection with
Balaenoptera acutorostrata
gamma-herpesvirus 2. This is the first report of neurobrucellosis in any species of mysticete and the first report of
Brucella pinnipedialis
in association with any pathology in any species of marine mammal, which may be due to co-infection with a herpesvirus, as these are known to be associated with immunosuppression.
Brucella ceti
has been recovered from a number species of cetaceans worldwide over the last 25 yr. Here we report, for the first time, the recovery of
B. ceti
from a Risso’s dolphin
Grampus griseus
...and a killer whale
Orcinus orca
. Recovery from an abdominal mass in the dolphin provides further evidence of the systemic pathogenic potential for
B. ceti
infection in cetaceans. The isolation of
B. ceti
ST23 (porpoise cluster) from a killer whale from a group known to eat other marine mammals raises the possibility of infection via ingestion. This report takes the number of cetacean species in UK coastal waters from which
B. ceti
has been isolated to 11 and highlights the value of routine, comprehensive and specific screening for significant pathogens such as
Brucella
sp. by strandings networks.
Purpose: Univerricht‐Lundborg disease (ULD), with its major symptom of action myoclonus, is supposed to be very rare in the Netherlands and western Europe. We hypothesized that the syndrome may be ...underdiagnosed in patients with myoclonus epilepsy.
Methods: Mutation analysis of the cystatin B gene was performed in 21 cases with uncontrolled myoclonus.
Results: Seven of the 21 evaluated cases carried mutations in the cystatin B gene. Diagnosis of ULD was made with a mean delay of 20 years from symptom onset.
Conclusions: This study from a country without previous reports of ULD suggests that underdiagnosis of the syndrome is likely. These findings also indicate that persons with juvenile‐onset myoclonus epilepsy with action myoclonus should be analyzed for ULD.
Subtypes in Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis II van Gool, J D; Nieuwenhuis, E; ten Doeschate, I O ...
Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology,
1999, Letnik:
33, Številka:
202
Journal Article
Lasting cure rates in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE), using the alarm, imipramine or desmopressin, have been quoted as 43%, 17% and 22%, respectively. The low cure rates in addition to the ...number of different treatments indicate insufficient knowledge of MNE. Only research on arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels and nocturnal enuresis is unique in attempting to find a group within the MNE population that could benefit from substitution therapy with desmopressin. AVP levels are restored or amplified during desmopressin treatment. However, low nocturnal AVP production with high nocturnal urine output may be indicative of a disturbance in circadian rhythm. Pre-clinical data suggest a role for melatonin in the regulation of endogenous AVP and in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Neisseria animaloris is considered to be a commensal of the canine and feline oral cavities. It is able to cause systemic infections in animals as well as humans, usually after a biting trauma has ...occurred. We recovered N. animaloris from chronically inflamed bite wounds on pectoral fins and tailstocks, from lungs and other internal organs of eight harbour porpoises. Gross and histopathological evidence suggest that fatal disseminated N. animaloris infections had occurred due to traumatic injury from grey seals. We therefore conclude that these porpoises survived a grey seal predatory attack, with the bite lesions representing the subsequent portal of entry for bacteria to infect the animals causing abscesses in multiple tissues, and eventually death. We demonstrate that forensic microbiology provides a useful tool for linking a perpetrator to its victim. Moreover, N. animaloris should be added to the list of potential zoonotic bacteria following interactions with seals, as the finding of systemic transfer to the lungs and other tissues of the harbour porpoises may suggest a potential to do likewise in humans.
PDF
