Thirty years passed before it was accepted, in West Germany and elsewhere, that the Roma (Germany's Gypsies) had been Holocaust victims. And, similarly, it took thirty years for the West German state ...to admit that the sterilisation of Roma had been part of the 'Final Solution'. Drawing on a substantial body of previously unseen sources, this book examines the history of the struggle of Roma for recognition as racially persecuted victims of National Socialism in post-war Germany. Since modern academics belatedly began to take an interest in them, the Roma have been described as 'forgotten victims'. This book looks at the period in West Germany between the end of the War and the beginning of the Roma civil rights movement in the early 1980s, during which the Roma were largely passed over when it came to compensation. The complex reasons for this are at the heart of this book.
Understanding predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) is crucial for preventing suicides. Given Europe's high suicide rates and the complex nature of SI, it is essential to also examine social ...determinants like education as potential risk factors for SI in this region. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between formal/vocational education and SI in Europe.
Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX) were searched until November 2022. Included studies involved European populations examining associations between education and SI. Pooled Odds Ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed with the heterogeneity variance τ2 and I2 statistic; subgroup analyses were performed based on study characteristics. Risk of bias was assessed using an adaption of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
From 20,564 initial studies, 41 were included in the meta-analysis (outlier-adjusted, 96,809 study participants). A negative, insignificant association (OR = 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.75; 1.00) was observed between education and SI, with significant heterogeneity (τ2 = 0.09, I2 = 73 %). Subgroup analyses indicated that population type, age group, categorization of education, timeframe of SI assessment, and study quality significantly moderated the effect size.
Heterogeneity across studies limits generalizability. The cross-sectional design precludes establishing causal relationships, and social desirability bias may have underestimated the association between education and SI.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a trend towards a protective effect of education on the emergence of SI in Europe. Future research, preferably with longitudinal study design examining various covariates, should systematically consider educational inequalities in SI.
•This is the first meta-analysis on education and suicidal ideation in Europe.•50 study samples with 96,809 participants from 19 European countries were included.•The meta-analysis indicated a negative insignificant association.•13 study samples favored high education, in 5 cases, low education was favored.
While a growing number of studies analyze the magnitude and predictors of mental health literacy, little is known about suicide-specific knowledge and beliefs ("suicide literacy").
To examine suicide ...literacy among the German population and to investigate associations between suicide literacy and suicide stigma.
Telephone interviews were conducted in Germany (N = 2002, response rate: 47.3%). The literacy of suicide scale (LOSS-SF) was used covering the knowledge domains "signs," "risk factors," "causes/nature" and "treatment/prevention." In multiple regression analyses, associations between the LOSS-SF and the three dimensions "stigma," "normalization/glorification," and "depression/isolation" of the stigma of suicide scale (SOSS-SF) were examined controlling for several covariates.
Respondents showed most knowledge concerning "treatment and prevention" (>80% correct answers). Lower suicide literacy was found in the domains "risk factors" (33-60% correct answers) and "signs for suicidal ideation" (45-53%). Suicide literacy was negatively associated with age, while it was positively associated with education, own affliction, and personal contact. Moreover, suicide literacy showed negative associations with all three dimensions of the SOSS-SF.
There are deficits in suicide literacy in the German public that may increase suicide stigma. Addressing those deficits in information-campaigns and encouraging personal contact could help decrease suicide stigma.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The images of Gypsies expressed by this law are partly reflected in the changes in the implementation of measures against Roma under the Third Reich. ...1937 it was the Gestapo that had the primary ...responsibility for arresting Roma and taking them into 'protective custody' in concentration camps, as part of the campaign to improve the gene pool. ...the book under review offers a useful summary of the events leading up to the genocide of Roma in Germany under the Nazis, as weU as of the judicial road that led to the granting of compensation to Roma victims.
Utilization of primary-care and specialist physicians seems to be associated differently with socioeconomic status (SES). This review aims to summarize and compare the evidence on socioeconomic ...inequalities in consulting primary-care or specialist physicians in the general adult population in high-income countries.
We carried out a systematic search across the most relevant databases (Web of Science, Medline) and included all studies, published since 2004, reporting associations between SES and utilization of primary-care and/or specialist physicians. In total, 57 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria.
Many studies found socioeconomic inequalities in physician utilization, but inequalities were more pronounced in visiting specialists than primary-care physicians. The results of the studies varied strongly according to the operationalization of utilization, namely whether a physician was visited (probability) or how often a physician was visited (frequency). For probabilities of visiting primary-care physicians predominantly no association with SES was found, but frequencies of visits were higher in the most disadvantaged. The most disadvantaged often had lower probabilities of visiting specialists, but in many studies no link was found between the number of visits and SES.
This systematic review emphasizes that inequalities to the detriment of the most deprived is primarily a problem in the probability of visiting specialist physicians. Healthcare policy should focus first off on effective access to specialist physicians in order to tackle inequalities in healthcare.
CRD42019123222 .
Stigmatization from work-related COVID-19 exposure has not been investigated in detail yet. Therefore, we systematically searched three databases: Medline, Embase, and PsychInfo (until October 2020), ...and performed a grey literature search (until February 2021). We identified 46 suitable articles from 24 quantitative and 11 qualitative studies, 6 systematic reviews, 3 study protocols and 1 intervention. The assessment of stigmatization varied widely, ranging from a single-item question to a 22-item questionnaire. Studies mostly considered perceived self-stigma (27 of 35 original studies) in healthcare workers (HCWs) or hospital-related jobs (29 of 35). All articles reported on stigmatization as a result of work-related COVID-19 exposure. However, most quantitative studies were characterized by convenience sampling (17 of 24), and all studies-also those with an adequate sampling design-were considered of low methodological quality. Therefore, it is not possible to determine prevalence of stigmatization in defined occupational groups. Nevertheless, the work-related stigmatization of occupational groups with or without suspected contact to COVID-19 is a relevant problem and increases the risk for depression (odds ratio (OR) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval CI 1.29-2.36) and anxiety (OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.29-2.37). For promoting workers' health, anti-stigma strategies and support should be implemented in the workplace.
Population-level data on predictors for attitudes towards sexual behavior are missing for Germany. The current study investigated sexual attitudes in the German population with regard to ...sociodemographic and sociocultural factors. Data originated from the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD; N = 4,955) carried out from October 2018 to September 2019. Computer-assisted face to face interviews were conducted with a large self-administered component due to the sensitive topics of the survey. Public acceptance towards several aspects of sexual behavior (extramarital sex, abortion, same sex sexual activities, sex work, promiscuity, sex without love) was investigated. Age, gender, education, religious aspects and migration background were introduced as predictors into logistic regression analyses. Overall, respondents rather rejected promiscuity (61%) and extramarital sex (81%) and rather supported same sex sexual activities (63-70%). Male respondents more likely rejected same sex sexual activities and abortion. Higher education was associated with more acceptance towards the sexual behaviors whereas first generation migrants, Muslim faith and religious devoutness were associated with less acceptance. Results indicate that gender is relevant in terms of sexual attitudes with male respondents tending to have more traditional and heteronormative gender role values. Furthermore, education, culture and religion play an important role concerning the liberality towards sexual behaviors. Acculturation processes of second generation migrants may lead to an adaptation of values. Comprehensive and culturally sensitive sex education may focus on differences concerning sexuality-related norms and values.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Health anxiety exists on a continuum ranging from the absence of health awareness to the obsessive fear of having a serious illness despite reassurance. Its pathological manifestation can ...be diagnosed as hypochondriacal or illness anxiety or somatic symptom disorder. Health anxiety is associated with psychological distress and adverse life events, among others, and leads to considerable economic burden. Compared to the majority population, migrants, and ethnic minorities often face major health inequalities. Several mental illnesses and psychosomatic complaints are more common among these groups. To date, potential ethnic and migration-related inequalities in health anxiety have not been clearly described. However, they are of high relevance for the provision of adequate health care of this diverse and potentially vulnerable group. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of health anxiety in migrants and ethnic minorities.
Methods
A systematic literature search of PubMED, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX was conducted, covering all studies published until 1
st
of December 2021. Studies were selected if they employed validated measurement tools of health anxiety and examined migrants and/or ethnic minorities in comparison with the majority population. Meta-analytic methods were applied by using a random-effect model. The study quality was assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool (EPHPP).
Results
We identified 18 studies from 445 studies initially screened. Of these, 14 studies conducted in North America with a total number of 5,082 study participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effect size indicated a higher risk of health anxiety in migrants and ethnic minorities compared to the majority population (OR 1.39, 95%-CI 1.01–1.92). The results proved not to be robust according to publication bias (adjusted OR 1.18, 95%-CI 0.83–1.69) and fail-safe N (2/3 < benchmark
N
= 75) and are limited due to heterogeneity (
I
2
= 57%), small sample sizes and an overall low quality of included studies.
Conclusion
To address the diversity of migrants and ethnic minorities, inter-sectional approaches across different countries are needed in research to shed further light on social inequalities in health anxiety linked to migration.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO, registration number CRD42022298458.
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