Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to reflect on 21 years of IC theory and practice as input into discussing the origins of IC, its multiple perspectives and where it is heading.Design ...methodology approach - This article is based on the author's reflections of the past and vision for the future.Findings - IC is still for many an invisible fuzzy dimension, or mainly a measuring and accounting issue. For others, it is thought of as a more and more strategic ecosystem for sustainable value creation. Is there a kind of learned blindness in financial capital accounting or ignorance of new value opportunity spaces? We need to go beyond IC reporting. We are on the edge of something, but what?Originality value - The paper presents the personal views of an internationally renowned IC academic and practitioner about what the future may hold for IC.
Purpose - The city can be viewed from many perspectives. In this article the author's perspective will be the city as knowledge tool. In the knowledge economy it might be argued that one of the most ...essential dimensions will be the relational as well as organizational dimensions, such as a city. The city is the larger context, or structural capital surrounding the human capital, for the value creation dynamics. This also implies that the city is a very complex issue but also highly dynamic knowledge context.Design methodology approach - The method is literature review, empirical project case observations and creative research.Findings - The city might be seen in this context of a more or less good city regime to support the value creation from and for the knowledge workers. Then the distinction can be that a knowledge city is purposely designed for encouraging and nourishing the collective knowledge, i.e. intellectual capital, as capabilities to shape efficient and sustainable actions of welfare over time. The city can be seen as the structural capital surrounding the human capital but also the relational capital connecting the human capital with the structural capital to give a higher value adding for the knowledge worker.Practical implications - The city design is the critical organizational and relational capital of tomorrow for the knowledge worker. The city concept and design of its new urbanism, i.e. people migrating into cities, is becoming more and more of a strategic tool in the global competition of knowledge or talent war. To shape the efficient interface for the individual knowledge worker to leverage the global opportunity space with a local opportunity space. In the case of urban design for the knowledge economy this might take us to the need for designing a knowledge port for the knowledge flow as an exchange design for the intangible flows.Originality value - This paper views the larger structural capital surrounding the knowledge worker by both looking at some cases as well as stating a preliminary model of drivers for design of a knowledge city. These mentioned cases or forecasts might have strong impact on the urban design for attracting and nourishing citizens for the growth of social capital as network of friends into a new type of urbanism for minds. The knowledge city design is a unifying concept that will help to integrate perspectives of economics, urban studies and knowledge management. The design of a knowledge harbor concept is a multidisciplinary issue and is now being prototyped in reality.
The objective of this book is to explore the relationship between intellectual capital management and the sustainable development of organizations and society.
Over the past decade, knowledge assets and intellectual capital have been attracting an increasing amount of attention, not only from academics and CEOs, but also from national policy makers. To ...date, most studies of intellectual capital have focused at the organizational level, with an emphasis on explaining the role of intangible assets as a differentiator between accounting value and market value as a possible source of corporate competitive advantage. More recently, pioneers in the field, including the authors of this book, have begun to apply these methodologies to a broader scope, with the objective of comparing the intellectual capital indices at the national or regional level. As a result, an increasing number world organizations and researchers are commissioned to investigate this future-oriented crucial national issue. Yet, the linkage between the value of intangible assets and how to quantify it or benchmark it is still tenuous, not to mention easily misunderstood by a layman for guiding better decision making. With the belief that numbers talk and statistics hide valuable information, this book serves to present the authors research findings, covering 14 years (1995-2008) of intellectual capital information, comprised of human capital, market capital, process capital, renewal capital, and financial capital for 40 countries. National leaders, policy makers, world organizations, and individuals are invited to see their own world through the lens of this set of macro environment. The last three chapters go beyond analysis of current intellectual capital factors, and present practical tools for launching initiatives at the national level. The book will serve as an essential resource for researchers, policy makers, and business leaders concerned with issues of economic growth and competitiveness, innovation, and business creation.
In the knowledge economy, the value of corporations is directly related to their knowledge and intellectual capital. But broaden the perspective a little wider and you begin to see the possibilities: ...Think of cities, regions, even entire nations, in addition to the public sector. If intangibles and intellectual capital are important to the private sector, they are also important to the productivity and competitiveness of the public sector, and so to communities and nations as a whole. In this book, Editors Ahmed Bounfour and Leif Edivinsson have brought together the best minds in intellectual capital throughout the world to focus on a new and fertile area of research: measuring and managing the intellectual capital of communities. This is a creative and cutting-edge area of research that has the potential to change how public sector planning and development is done. Once there is a clear way to identify where wealth is created in a given region/nation, this process has the potential to reveal a huge knowledge repository in the public sector with a significant—but idle—potential for collective wealth creation—the wealth of nations in waiting.
Introduction by Ahmed Bounfour and Leif Edvinsson Part One: Modelling and contextualising IC for Communities Chapter 1: Modelling Intangibles: Transaction Regime Versus Community regimes , Ahmed Bounfour Chapter 2: Regional Intellectual capital in waiting, Leif Edvinsson Part Two : IC for Nations Chapter 3: Estimating the Level of Investment in knowledge across OECD countries, Mosahid Khan Chapter 4: Knowledge Economies: a Global Perspective, Jean-Eric Aubert, World Bank Institute Chapter 5: Investing in Intangibles: Is a Trillion Dollars Missing from the GDP? Leonard Nakamura, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Chapter 6: Intangibles and Intellectual Capital in the European Investment Bank Project Appraisal, Jean-Jaques Mertens , European Investment Bank and Jacques Van der Meer Chapter 7 : Assessing Performance of European Innovations Systems: An Intellectual Capital Indexes Perspectives, Ahmed Bounfour,University of Marne La Vallee Chapter 8: National Intellectual Capital Index, The Benchmarking of Arab Countries Dr. Nick Bontis, DeGroote Business School, McMaster University Chapter 9 : The Intellectual Capital of The State of Israel, Dr. Edna Pasher and Sigal Shachar Chapter 10 : Rethinking leadership in the Knowledge Society, Learning from Others: How to Integrate Intellectual and Social Capital and Establish a New Balance of Value and Values, Bernhard Von Mutius, Germany Chapter 11: Japan and Other East Asian Economies under the Knowledge-Based Economy, Seiichi Masuyama, Nomura Research Institute, Japan and Asia Part Three : IC for Regions Chapter 12: Value Creation Efficiency at National and Regional Level – Case Study Croatia and EU, Ante Pulic Chapter 13: A European regional path to the knowledge economy: challenges and opportunities, Dr Dimitri Corpakis, Head of Sector European Commission DG Research Chapter 14: Intellectual Capital Creation in Regions : A Knowledge System Approach Anssi Smedlund and Aino Pöyhönen, M.Econ.Sc. Anssi Smedlund is a Research Assistant and PhD Candidate of Knowledge Management in the Department of Business Administration at Lappeenranta University of Technology Chapter 15: Ragusa or how to measure ignorance: The ignorance meter By Klaus North and Stefanie Kares, University of Applied Sciences, Wiesbaden, Germany Chapter 16: Can the state stimulate the creation of regional networks? – Experiences from the Virtual Marketplace Bavaria initiative, Hans-Joachim Heusler , Hans Schedl Chapter 17: The Region's Competence and Human Capital: Lessons from the Collaboration Between 3 European Regions on Competence Mapping and Intellectual Capital Management, Lars Karlssson and Paolo Martinez Part Four IC for Cities and Local Communities Chapter 18: Learning-by-Playing: Bridging the Knowing-Doing Gap in Urban Communities, Albert A Angehrn INSEAD, The European Institute of Business Administration Chapter 19: Cities’ Intellectual Capital Benchmarking System (CICBS). A methodology and a framework for measuring and managing intellectual capital of cities: A practical application in the city of Mataró, by José María Viedma Marti Polytechnic University of Catalonia and President of Intellectual Capital Management Systems Chapter 20 IC for Communities, Research and Policy agenda, Ahmed Bounfour Index
In the knowledge economy, the value of corporations is directly related to their knowledge and intellectual capital. But broaden the perspective a little wider and you begin to see the possibilities: ...Think of cities, regions, even entire nations, in addition to the public sector. If intangibles and intellectual capital are important to the private sector, they are also important to the productivity and competitiveness of the public sector, and so to communities and nations as a whole. In this book, Editors Ahmed Bounfour and Leif Edivinsson have brought together the best minds in intellectual capital throughout the world to focus on a new and fertile area of research: measuring and managing the intellectual capital of communities. This is a creative and cutting-edge area of research that has the potential to change how public sector planning and development is done. Once there is a clear way to identify where wealth is created in a given region/nation, this process has the potential to reveal a huge knowledge repository in the public sector with a significant-but idle-potential for collective wealth creation-the wealth of nations in waiting.
Twenty years of history: the 20th anniversary special issue of Journal of Intellectual Capital The Journal of Intellectual Capital (JIC) recently celebrated its 20-year history of publishing ...high-quality scientific articles exploring research questions about intellectual capital (IC), including human capital, structural capital and relational capital. In the previous century, most companies were valued primarily on their book value: that is, a publicly traded firm's market capitalization (“market cap” equals share price times number of outstanding shares) was often not much greater than its “book value” (the value of all its tangible assets, like “plant and equipment”), with only a few firms demonstrating higher valuations because of growing sales, brand value, strategic relationships or other factors not found on a firm's balance sheet. Firms and not-for-profit organizations who harness and leverage these information and knowledge artifacts can increase efficiencies and effectiveness, can establish strategic sources of competitive advantage and can ultimately create IC assets, not shown on a balance sheet, which can result in differences between a company's market value and its book value. In turn, it moves the attention to the new societal evolution named Society 5.0 where the human capital is the key pillar of business growth and society well-being.
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