Après l’agression contre la Yougoslavie d’avril 1941, l’Italie se vit attribuer, par une décision de Hitler, une zone d’occupation, dont la partie slovène fut annexée au Royaume d’Italie sous le nom ...de “Province de Lubiana”. Dans l’arsenal des autorités d’occupation figurait dès le départ l’internement des civils, mais jusqu’en 1942 il ne concerna que des catégories de personnes bien déterminées (suspects politiques, officiers yougoslaves, etc.). En été 1942, dans le cadre d’une lutte contre les résistants qui allait en s’intensifiant, on envisagea un temps l’internement de toute la population civile de la province, mesure qui fut finalement rejetée. Toutefois, des camps importants virent alors le jour, dont le plus peuplé était celui de l’île d’Arbe/Rab, et on procéda par ailleurs à des déportations vers des camps situés en Italie. Si les conditions de détention variaient beaucoup d’un camp à l’autre, ils firent au moins 2500 morts, dont 1500 dans le seul camp de Rab.
First, the paper presents the German and Italian invasions in Europe before the Second World War and the different types of their occupying systems introduced for various objectives: from pure ...military strategy to annexation. On the basis of his yearlong research, the author then presents the German, Italian and Hungarian occupying systems in Slovenia between 1941 and 1945, their main characteristics (the carving up of the ethnic territory, annexation policies, assimilation, racism, etc.) as well as underlining the elements which distinguished these systems from similar others in Europe.
The paper deals with the mass deportations of Slovenes from the Ljubljana region, following the so-called disarmament raids by the occupier in February and March 1942. It also presents the ...establishment of temporary concentration camps in Čiginj and Dolenja Trebuša, in the Julian March. From September 1942, after Slovenes from Primorska had begun joining the Slovenian partisan units in great numbers, the occupier retaliated by deporting their relatives to the prisons in Kostanjevica near Gorizia (for women) and Zdravščina (for men). After February 1943, 2,250 prisoners were deported to concentration camps in Italy. Men were sent to Cairo Montenotte in Liguria and women to Freschette di Alatri.
The Ljubljana province, which had been annexed to the Kingdom of Italy on May 3, 1943, consisted of 5 county districts. These were being governed by the Italian fascist chiefs. After the capitulation ...of Italy, the partisans took command almost over the entire province and abolished the enemy's civil administration. On 10 September 1943, the province of Ljubljana fell under the occupier's operation zone "The Adriatic Coastland" (Operationszone "Adriatisches Kustenland"). On October 22, the new province administration, headed by the general Leon Rupnik, started the preparations for the restoration of Novo mesto, Črnomelj and Kočevje county districts. These were reinstated after November 2, when the chiefs and office staff were sent out to each county. While the personnel of the Črnomelj county district returned to Ljubljana only a few days later, the other two districts continued officiating almost until the end of the war. However, due to the partisan movement, their functioning was limited for a great deal of time only to the location of both cities and their vicinity.
On the basis of widely collected sources and the book Santa messa i miei fucilati, written by the Italian priest Don Pietro Brignoli, the author identifies the names of places where, during a great ...Italian offensive, in summer 1942, the 2nd Regiment of the 21st Infantry Division, also known as "Granatieri di Sardegna", shot more than ninety captured civilians and partisans. The names of the victims are also quoted.
The author presents the ways of collecting data on the victims of the Second World War in Slovenia, especially those used by the Commission for the Investigation of the War Crimes Committed by the ...Occupiers and their Collaborators in Slovenia. He stresses the crucial significance of the 1989 round table, "The Victims of the Second World War in Slovenia", which was a great step towards integral treatment of all the Second World War victims, without classification as "good" and "bad". He quotes some regional lists of the victims of the both sides and presents the project of the Institute for Contemporary History for establishing the total number of the Second World War victims in Slovenia.
V poslednjih letih sem pogledal veliko večino gradiva nemškega okupatorja v Sloveniji v raznih arhivskih in drugih zavodih. Razen še vedno nedostopnega gradiva iz 2. svetovne vojne v graškem in ...celovškem deželnem arhivu je tako mogoče prikazati vire o rasnih pregledih Slovencev pod nemško okupacijo v letih 1941-1945. O rasnih pregledih in ocenjevanju Slovencev pod nemško okupacijo sem pisal predvsem v svoji monografiji Raznarodovalna politika v Sloveniji v letih 1941-1945 (Založba Obzorja, Maribor 1968, v srbohrvaškem prevodu 1979). Nekaj dokumentov sem objavil v zbirki Quellen zur nationalsozialistischen Entnationalisierungspolidk in Slowenien 1941-1945 - Viri o nacistični raznarodovalni politiki v Sloveniji 1941-1945, ki je izšla pri isti založbi v Mariboru 1980. leta (dalje: Ferenc, Quellen). V tukajšnjem poročilu o virih objavljam tudi nov vir, ki sem ga dobil šele pred kratkim, torej po izidu omenjenih publikacij. ...
Slovenski znanstvenik in publicist dr. Lavo Cermelj je 1972. leta pri Slovenski matici v Ljubljani objavil svoje spomine Med prvim in drugim tržaškim procesom. V tej knjigi je objavil tudi spomine na ...t. i. drugi tržaški proces, čeprav je že deset let prej pri Mladinski knjigi v Ljubljani izdal spis Ob tržaškem procesu 1941, Spomini in beležke. Pravi, da je ponovil spomine na ta proces zato, ker medtem kljub njegovi želji ni izšlo nobeno delo, »ki bi kritično in nepristransko prikazalo proces in razmere na Primorskem, ki so privedle do njega«. Ugotoviti pa je moral, da je bilo nekaj vendarle že storjenega in da je prenehal veljati »tabu« glede TIGR. V zvezi s storjenim omenja daljši članek Milice Kacin v reviji Borec decembra 1971. Kolikor vem, in to mi je dr. Cermelj povedal sam, je bil tudi zadovoljen z mojo knjigo Akcije organizacije TIGR v Avstriji in Italiji spomladi 1941, ki je izšla pri založbi Borec v Ljubljani 1978. leta in ki jo kakšen publicist še hote ali nehote prezre. Ze po Cermeljevi smrti so izšli dobri spomini Dorčeta Sardoča Tigrova sled (Trst, Koper 1983), ki bi jih bil dr. Cermelj zagotovo vesel. ...
