In this paper, a learning progression for geometric transformations is developed based on research that demonstrates the importance of viewing transformations as functions of the plane. The 5 levels ...of the progression reflect a student's evolving understanding of transformations as functions and their evolving understanding of the domain of these transformation as functions. The learning progression developed here is designed to be in alignment with the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM), in that a student who is placed at a particular level in the learning progression would have mastered the Common Core standards at the corresponding grade level. The description of the learning progression also includes sample tasks at each level that are intended to target that level of the progression.
ABSTRACT
The m‐rater scoring engine has been used successfully for the past several years to score CBAL™ mathematics tasks, for the most part without the need for human scoring. During this time, ...various improvements to m‐rater and its scoring keys have been implemented in response to specific CBAL needs. In 2012, with the general move toward creating innovative tasks for the Common Core assessment initiatives, in traditional testing programs, and with potential outside clients, and to further support CBAL, m‐rater was enhanced in ways that move ETS's automated scoring capabilities forward and that provide needed functionality for CBAL: (a) the numeric equivalence scoring engine was augmented with an open‐source computer algebra system; (b) a design flaw in the graph editor, affecting the way the editor graphs smooth functions, was corrected; (c) the graph editor was modified to give assessment specialists the option of requiring examinees to set the viewing window; and (d) m‐rater advisories were implemented in situations in which m‐rater either cannot score a response or may provide the wrong score. In addition, 2 m‐rater scoring models were built that presented some new challenges.
This study emphasizes the methodology of linguistic resistance in Eldridge Cleaver's best-known work, Soul on Ice. Through a process of signification, Cleaver works to redefine key words and concepts ...that form a web of racialist and racist thinking called normative whiteness. By emptying key terms, like those of "life," "liberty," and "property," Cleaver's text attempts to offer a new, less biased foundation on which a more inclusive and pluralistic American narrative can be written, a move that both makes his rhetoric significantly different from that of many contemporary resistance writers and positions him as an important link in a larger genealogy of resistance and African American literature.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Cronquists katalog (nr. 13): Landålett. Gåva den 26/9 1928 av greve Carl-Axel Trolle-Wachtmeister, Trolle-Ljungby, byggd hos James ...Fife, Köpenhamn, säkerligen på 1850-talet, tvåsitsig med strapontin, mindre välkomponerad, trots det fina fabrikantmärket, svart med röda ränder, yttre montering av blått kläde, inre montering av beigefärgat tyg, ett nedfällbart fönster framtill, kur av sufflettläder, cirkulärt fönster baktill /glaset sönderslaget/, starkt böjda kurspännare, två lösa dyner inuti vagnen /saknas numera/, trälister på bockbrädans kanter, slagskärm - med järn på tre sidor - av läderbeklätt fanerartat material, ryggstödslist av trä på kuskbocken klädd med blått kläde /dynorna saknas/, lykthållare på kuskbocken med lyktor, dörrar att öppnas bakåt, fotstegsskydd av järnbleck medelst en järnarm fastsatt vid vagnsdörrarna och därför blottandes fotstegen, då dörrarna öppnas, vändställ av trä, hjält av trä med bakåtböjda ändar, kort fast under stångarmarna liggande springvåg av trä, svänglar fastsatta i krokar på springvågen /saknas numera/, enkelt utformade raka svanhalsar av trä /säkerligen ej ursprungliga/, fem fjädrar baktill, buntsmide, helpatentaxlar, skruvnyckel, hela hjulringar av järn, parstång med spannkrok och dragdorn /dornen saknas numera/, engelsk förvåg, vitt beslag. Till vagnen hör fotsack.- svart utvändigt- blå kläde- gåva- överförd- Malmö Museers verksamhetsarkiv/proveniensdokument, Axel Cronquists katalog- Malmö Museers verksamhetsarkiv/katalogkort MM foto- Vägutställningen- Katalogkortet: Landålett. 1800-talet. Tvåsitsig med strapontin, svart med röda ränder, yttre montering av blått kläde, inre av beigefärgat tyg, kur av sufflettläder.
Gåva 1928 av greve Carl-Axel Trolle-Wachtmeister på Trolle-Ljungby slott.- Landålett, tvåsitsig med strapontin, fast framkur (demonterbar), bakkur av sufflettläder, S-formade kurspännare. Raka svanhalsar av trä. Tryckfjädrar. Avsedd för par. Svart med röd randning. Inre klädsel: beige. Längdmått angivet är exklusive dragstång. Endast en vagnslykta 2008-03-11.
På Vägutställningen på MTM 1991/92-2008-03-11.
Beskrivning och ev foto på katalogkort.- 493 6- 494- 493 2- beige inredning- svart- 1850-talet- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
In this report, we discuss background research on the development of student understanding of quadratic functions and present a provisional learning progression for quadratic functions and quadratic ...equations. We also describe task shells that are linked to the learning progression. The learning progression and task shells can be used as a starting point to develop tasks that assess student standing with respect to the theory of development. The intention is that this report should find an audience in both researchers and test developers.
Report Number: ETS RR–18‐47
The m-rater scoring engine has been used successfully for the past several years to score "CBAL"™ mathematics tasks, for the most part without the need for human scoring. During this time, various ...improvements to m-rater and its scoring keys have been implemented in response to specific CBAL needs. In 2012, with the general move toward creating innovative tasks for the Common Core assessment initiatives, in traditional testing programs, and with potential outside clients, and to further support CBAL, m-rater was enhanced in ways that move ETS's automated scoring capabilities forward and that provide needed functionality for CBAL: (a) the numeric equivalence scoring engine was augmented with an open-source computer algebra system; (b) a design flaw in the graph editor, affecting the way the editor graphs smooth functions, was corrected; (c) the graph editor was modified to give assessment specialists the option of requiring examinees to set the viewing window; and (d) m-rater advisories were implemented in situations in which m-rater either cannot score a response or may provide the wrong score. In addition, 2 m-rater scoring models were built that presented some new challenges.
In this report, we discuss background research on the development of student understanding of quadratic functions and present a provisional learning progression for quadratic functions and quadratic ...equations. We also describe task shells that are linked to the learning progression. The learning progression and task shells can be used as a starting point to develop tasks that assess student standing with respect to the theory of development. The intention is that this report should find an audience in both researchers and test developers.
This collection of papers on the Brythonic languages of the Celtic group is divided into four parts: Welsh linguistics, Breton and Cornish linguistics, literary linguistics, and historical ...linguistics. This has resulted in a book providing a thorough and comprehensive coverage of this branch of Celtic studies prepared by leading scholars in the field.
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