Children's Television in Indonesia Hendriyani; Hollander, Ed; d'Haenens, Leen ...
Journal of children and media,
20/2/1/, Letnik:
5, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article describes the structure, conduct, and performance of children's television in Indonesia during the last four decades, reflecting on its interaction with the government, the market, and ...civil society. A striking trend in Indonesia's children's television is undoubtedly its exponential growth during the last 40 years, and its permanent oscillation between commercialism and idealism. Content analysis of television schedule archives (between 1970 and 2009) shows a steady increase in the volume of children's television, in line with the establishment of new commercial stations and the rise of advertising revenues in the television business. In the early days, local production outnumbered imported programs, and most of the programs were educational in scope. Nowadays, the majority of children's television programs in Indonesia are cartoons imported from the US.
This article describes the views of parents, children, and teachers concerning media use by Indonesian children. Survey data of parents (N = 462), children (N = 589), and teachers (N = 104) show that ...children see themselves as more advanced users of new media than their parents. Their perception of their media experiences is also markedly different from that of their parents, while teachers' views are comparable to those of the parents. The latter claim to have established media use rules, which children tend to view as guidelines subject to debate rather than binding instructions. There is different use of old versus new media, parents show little awareness of or involvement with newer media.
This study describes the changes over time in the portrayal of socio-cultural characteristics; namely gender, age, ethnicity, religious outlook, family unit, violence experienced, living conditions, ...and cultural values in Indonesian children's television programs. Using systematic-quantitative content analysis of popular locally produced Indonesian children's television programs in the 1980s and the 2000s, this study found that all socio-cultural characteristics changed over time, except for gender representation with male actors consistently outnumbering female actors. There were some predominant socio-cultural characteristics in the 1980s, the era of authoritarian broadcasting system in Indonesia: most of the major characters were children and preteens, from Western Indonesia, not showing religious symbols or practices, having more than one sibling, and the majority of the adult characters were married. In the 2000s, the era of liberal broadcasting system, major characters were children and teens, showing certain religious symbols, having no or only one sibling, and the majority of the adult characters were single. Indonesian children's television brought certain cultural values to the fore for their young audiences to identify themselves with: self-direction and benevolence.
Children's media use in Indonesia Hendriyani; Hollander, Ed; d'Haenens, Leen ...
Asian journal of communication,
06/2012, Letnik:
22, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article explores how Indonesian children have integrated media into their daily lives: media ownership at home, media uses, and gratifications sought, are discussed, as is the way in which ...gender and social-status influence the children-media relationship. Survey data of Jakarta-based children aged 9-15 (N=589) reveal that Indonesian children live in a media saturated environment, with high availability of media platforms in their homes and bedrooms. Similar to children in the US and Europe, children in Jakarta spend considerable amounts of time on a wealth of media platforms and experience multiple gratifications from using multiple media. Gender differences persist in that boys tend to be more into gaming, while girls focus more on communication aspects. High social-status children tend to have more media at their disposal in their bedroom, especially electronic games, computers, and Internet connections. Television is still prominent in the media menu of today, but mobile phones are ready to take its place in the near future.
This article describes the structure, conduct, and performance of children's television in Indonesia during the last four decades, reflecting on its interaction with the government, the market, and ...civil society. A striking trend in Indonesia's children's television is undoubtedly its exponential growth during the last 40 years, and its permanent oscillation between commercialism and idealism. Content analysis of television schedule archives (between 1970 and 2009) shows a steady increase in the volume of children's television, in line with the establishment of new commercial stations and the rise of advertising revenues in the television business. In the early days, local production outnumbered imported programs, and most of the programs were educational in scope. Nowadays, the majority of children's television programs in Indonesia are cartoons imported from the US. (Author abstract)
This article looks at the television landscape in Indonesia that has undergone a major transformation in recent decades. As one of the 'Asian Tigers,' Indonesia introduced commercial television in ...two waves between 1989 and 2002 as a complement to the traditional state broadcaster, TVRI. During the Reformasi movement, commercial TV stations contributed to the emerging civil society in the period 1998-2000 by supporting the movement for democratic reform that led to the resignation of President Suharto. An assessment of the current Indonesian television scene shows that most commercial TV stations, after a short coalition with civil society, went 'back to business' again in the context of a relatively young but highly competitive Indonesian market.
This paper discusses the ways in which efforts aimed at democratising the media system and empowering communities in Indonesia in three discursive periods (the 1998 `Revolution Movement,' the 'Reform ...Era' follow-up, and the 2002 Broadcasting Act up till the present time) have ebbed and flowed. The main result of the changing winds so far has been the liberalisation of the market, in line with global media trends. The Government has tried to frustrate the prospects of community media. Hence, the current development of community radio in the country remains stagnant, the main challenge being to create a more visible position in the media landscape, which in turn may bring about a more supportive stance in the government's policies. Our tour d'horizon of the state of affairs of community radio, its complementary status to the mainstream national media scene, and the assessment of current needs are based upon empirical evidence gathered in the Manado and Jogyakarta areas. Departing from the different dynamics of these two cases, weaknesses and critical success factors will be assessed, taking into account the different backgrounds of the regions, radio practitioners as well as their audiences in terms of religion, ethnicity, and life styles. Reprinted by permission of European Institute for Communication and Culture
Community Radio in Indonesia Hollander, Ed; Hidayat, Dedy Nur; D'haenens, Leen
Javnost (Ljubljana, Slovenia),
2008, Letnik:
15, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper discusses the ways in which efforts aimed at democratising the media system and empowering communities in Indonesia in three discursive periods (the 1998 "Revolution Movement," the "Reform ...Era" follow-up, and the 2002 Broadcasting Act up till the present time) have ebbed and flowed. The main result of the changing winds so far has been the liberalisation of the market, in line with global media trends. The Government has tried to frustrate the prospects of community media. Hence, the current development of community radio in the country remains stagnant, the main challenge being to create a more visible position in the media landscape, which in turn may bring about a more supportive stance in the government's policies. Our tour d'horizon of the state of affairs of community radio, its complementary status to the mainstream national media scene, and the assessment of current needs are based upon empirical evidence gathered in the Manado and Jogyakarta areas. Departing from the different dynamics of these two cases, weaknesses and critical success factors will be assessed, taking into account the different backgrounds of the regions, radio practitioners as well as their audiences in terms of religion, ethnicity, and life styles.
D'Haenens and Hollander introduce the special issue of "Gazette" that offers a comprehensive look at the way the media, both mainstream and underground, mediated conflict in Indonesia.
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