The mobility of acid herbicide (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid MCPA and 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid MCPA in soils of North-West Croatia has been studied by soil thin-layer ...chromatography (STLC). Mobility of MPCA and MCPP was influenced by the change in concentration of soluble salts and the effect of mineral composition of the system studied, i.e. content of kaolin and sand in soil thin layer. The objective of this work was also to investigate how the mobility of phenoxy herbicides MCPA and MCPP is altered by the presence of fertilizers when both coexist in soil as a result of human activity. It has been found that mobility of acidic herbicides increases with application of fertilizers especially on soil with low clay and low organic matter content.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
There is considerable epidemiologic evidence that genetic component plays a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The disease is multifactorial in origin and shows polygeneic inheritance. In the ...last decade, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of this common disease. Susceptibility gene characterization and knowledge of the immune basis of psoriasis have better defined the disease pathways involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. A number of genetic loci have been identified by genome wide-linkage scans. In particular, the importance of PSORS 1 linkage characterization is emphasized, as this information will help develop more specific diagnostic and prognostic tools.
Summary Background Perforin is a membrane-disrupting protein that allows the entry of granzymes into a target cell inducing degradation of target substances in the cytoplasm and nucleus thus leading ...to programmed cell death or apoptosis. Recent work demonstrated a possible involvement of perforin mediated cytotoxicity in immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Objectives To investigate a difference in systemic (peripheral blood) and local (lesions) expression and distribution of perforin in psoriatic patients with severe and mild disease. Methods Flow cytometry was used for simultaneous detection of intracellular (perforin) and cell surface antigens in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The expression of perforin in skin lesions was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Significant increase of perforin expression in T lymphocytes, especially cytotoxic CD8+ cells was found in severe psoriasis compared to mild disease ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). There was also an increase of CD56+P+ NK cells ( p < 0.05) in severe compared to mild psoriasis. The psoriatic plaque of both, severe and mild disease were abundant with perforin showing no significant difference on local level. Conclusion Based on our results we suggest the association between perforin expression and disease severity.
Stevens-Johnsonov sindrom (SJS) i toksična epidermalna nekroliza (TEN) rijetke su ali teške reakcije na lijekove koje mogu ugroziti život pacijenta, stoga predstavljaju hitna stanja u medicini. ...Karakterizirani bolnim, eritematoznim i erozivnim lezijama kože i sluznica, SJS i TEN u biti predstavljaju spektar istog oboljenja pri čemu razliku predstavlja postotak zahvaćene kože. Osim oštećenja kože i sluznica, moguća je i afekcija drugih organa te pojava potencijalno smrtonosnih komplikacija. One uključuju dehidraciju, pneumoniju, akutni respiratorni distres sindrom, gastrointestinalne ulceracije, višestruko zatajenje organa i tromboembolijska zbivanja. Od lijekova koji mogu uzrokovati ovaj sindrom najčešće se spominju alopurinol, antibiotici, antikonvulzivi i nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi oksikamske skupine. Sve je više dokaza koji upućuju na genetičku podlogu bolesti. Pritom se humani leukocitni antigen B smatra ključnim čimbenikom u prezentaciji lijekova limfocitima T i započinjanju imunološkog odgovora koji potom dovodi do masivne apoptoze epitelnih stanica. Visok rizik mortaliteta kao i trajnih posljedica koje nerijetko zaostaju nakon preboljenog SJS/TEN-a zahtijevaju promptno postavljanje dijagnoze, brzu identifikaciju uzročnog lijeka i njegovo isključivanje iz terapije, evaluaciju prognoze primjenom bodovnog sustava SCORTEN (engl. Severity-of-Illness Score for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) te primjenu odgovarajuće potporne njege uz eventualno uvođenje imunomodulacijske terapije.
A method of treatment of tinea capitis is presented in a case of a 10-year-old boy who was referred to the pediatric surgical unit for the treatment of a skin lesion on the scalp, which had persisted ...for more than two months. The initial dermatologic examination led to the clinical diagnosis of inflammation of the scalp, while mycological analysis revealed an uncommon dermatophyte agent, Microsporum gypseum, in the culture. The lesion was subsequently treated with local and oral antifungal agents, but antifungal therapy was discontinued due to the resulting liver dysfunction and was replaced by treatment with a silver impregnated hydrofiber dressing. During one-month treatment, the patient's scalp lesion cleared completely. The treatment of tinea capitis is discussed.
This overview highlights the risk of skin diseases arising in workers exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) at their workplace. There is a plethora of skin manifestations in outdoor workers such as ...seamen, fishermen, farmers after acute intense or long-term exposure to solar UVR, but some cutaneous diseases may also develop in indoor workers exposed to artificial sources. In recent years, investigations of the biological effects and damage caused by UVB and UVA on the skin have improved our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoaging, skin cancer and other skin diseases caused by UVR exposure. The necessity of primary prevention in workers exposed to UVR is emphasized.
Tinea incognito is a dermatophyte infection modified by inappropriate and often prolonged use of topical steroids. We present a case of tinea incognito in a 72-year-old woman, referred by her family ...physician who had unsuccessfully treated the lesions for 3 weeks with topical steroid cream. Physical examination revealed multiple nummular scaly papules and plaques which spread over her arms and trunk. The lesions were circular, erythematous, sharply demarcated with raised scaly edge some coalescing to form moderately infiltrated areas. Direct microscopy was positive for fungal hyphae. Fungal culture on Sabouraud's agar grew Trichophyton rubrum. The patient was successfully treated with oral terbinafine 250 mg daily and 1% clotrimazole cream twice daily. The present case highlights the importance of considering a dermatophytosis when clinical presentation of dermatosis is atypical. Disseminated scaly infiltrate lesions should be investigated for fungal infection in patients previously treated with steroids, as to avoid misdiagnosis and spread of infection.
Psorijaza je kronično-recidivirajuća upalna bolest kože od koje u svijetu boluje 2 – 3%, a u Hrvatskoj oko 1,6%
pučanstva. Danas se psorijaza smatra upalnom multisustavnom bolesti koja uz kožu može ...zahvatiti i brojne druge
organske sustave u obliku razvoja komorbiditeta poput hipertenzije, dijabetesa, kardiovaskularnih bolesti, upalnih
bolesti crijeva i oka te psihosocijalnih komorbiditeta. Najčešći komorbiditet u psorijazi jest psorijatični artritis koji
zahvaća 30 – 40% bolesnika, iako točni epidemiološki podatci nisu poznati. Nova paradigma poimanja psorijaze i
psorijatičnog artritisa danas govori da je riječ o psorijatičnoj bolesti koja ima kožne i/ili muskuloskeletne manifesta cije.
Suvremeno liječenje psorijaze temeljeno na dokazima uključuje kliničko iskustvo, znanstvene dokaze, ali i želje
pacijenata prilikom odabira odgovarajuće terapije. Biološka terapija u liječenju psorijaze znatan je napredak u
odnosu prema klasičnoj terapiji psorijaze zbog visoke učinkovitosti i dobre sigurnosti novih lijekova.
Recent studies have indicated an increasing incidence of melanoma worldwide. Although UV signature mutations are found rarely in melanoma cells, there is some evidence that intense intermittent ...exposure to sunlight can induce melanocyte tumorigenesis, and this is also observed after UV irradiation in some animals. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the most important mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this tumor. Genetic studies showed the familiar melanoma is linked to the mutation or deletion of the suppressor gene CDKN2A, and perhaps to CDK4. Studies showed that BRAF mutation is frequent in primary and metastatic melanoma cells but also in naevocytic nevi. This mutation activates the RAF/MEK pathway. Exposure to UV radiation induces immunosuppression. Recent investigations showed that chemokines, angiogenesis, metalloproteinases can play a role in the mechanism of metastasis. In spite of these advances the initiating events are still not completely understood. In conclusion, the pathogenesis of melanoma is very complex because numerous genetic and epigenetic factors are implicated in its development and progression, but some of the showed mechanisms can be targets for new therapies.
Recent data suggest that childhood and adulthood stressors may play a significant role in the development of an autoimmune disease. The present study explores the relationship between psoriatic ...arthritis (PsA) and positive and negative life events during childhood and adulthood in psoriatic patients. Forty-five patients with psoriatic arthritis and 101 controls (patients with skin conditions considered to be “non-psychosomatic”) were enrolled in the study. All participants completed a specific questionnaire measuring traumatic life experiences Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire (TAQ). The TAQ assesses positive personal experiences (competence and safety) and negative personal experiences (neglect, separation, secrets, emotional, physical and sexual abuse, trauma witnessing, other traumas and exposure to alcohol/drugs) from early childhood to adulthood. The patients with psoriatic arthritis exhibited lower mean scores of total positive experiences during late childhood (latency) as compared to the control group. Negative experiences during four developmental periods appeared more frequently in patients with psoriatic arthritis than in the controls. The most frequently reported negative experiences were neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, alcohol/drug abuse and other traumas. The present findings add evidence to the relationship between retrospectively reported childhood experiences and psoriatic arthritis. Furthermore, a high amount of reported emotional and physical abuse occurs in patients with psoriatic arthritis during latency and adolescence.
