BACKGROUNDDistally based sural neurofasciocutaneous (NFC) flaps are a commonly used method for foot and ankle reconstruction given that they are much simpler and, at the same time, still efficient ...alternative to perforator flaps and free style free flaps.
OBJECTIVEThis study aims to evaluate the reliability and versatility of reverse sural island NFC flaps as a powerful and efficient method that can be used for repair of lower leg skin defects. This method does not require microsurgical facilities or extensive training.
METHODOLOGYPatients with soft tissue defects of the distal third of the leg and ankle region received reverse sural island NFC flaps. Inclusion criteria included an absence of damage to the sural neurovascular axis or communicating perforators, absence of peripheral vascular disease, and the presence of soft tissue defects deep enough to expose tendon or bone. Patients were assessed for flap (defect) size, pedicle length and location of defects, postoperative flap survival rates, and complications. Donor sites were closed directly or skin grafted.
RESULTSOf 24 consecutive patient (20 male; 4 female), all flaps except 1 (4.16%), survived, although partial necrosis was observed in 2 patients (8.33%). The overall major complication rate was 12.50%. Epidermolysis was noted in 1 patient (4.16%). Three cases of transient venous congestion resolved without additional complications. The overall minor complication rate was 16.66%. Minimal complications were associated with healing of donor sites.
CONCLUSIONSReverse sural island NFC flaps provide adequate and aesthetically very acceptable coverage of soft tissue defects of the distal lower leg and proximal foot with no functional impairment.
Background/Aim. Lower-leg septocutaneous system of perforating blood vessels represents the vascular basis of fasciocutaneous flaps. Additionally, it is of a particular importance when designing ...distally based fasciocutaneous flaps which represent the ?workhorse? in the reconstruction of the distal third of the lower leg and foot. The aim of this study was to analyse the vascular anatomy of posterior tibial artery and its septocutaneous (fasciocutaneous) perforating arterial vessels. Methods. The dissection was conducted on 20 fetuses of both sexes and of gestational age from 20 to 28 weeks. Cluster analysis was applied to the data on vascular anatomy of posterior tibial artery and its septocutaneous performating arterial vessels. Results. A total of 212 perforating arterial vessels was identified. The average number of perforating arterial vessels was 5.32 (ranging from 4 to 7). It was identified that septocutaneous perforating blood vessels are more likely to be found at certain levels (?safe levels of finding perforators?). These are: second, third, fifth and sixth tenth (measured as a distance from intermalleolar line to popliteal crease). Conclusion. The presence of septocutaneous system of perforating blood vessels and reliability of their localization even in the fetal period allows application of these findings in the lower leg reconstructions in children of early age. It also contributes to the greater level of understanding of anatomy of the lower-leg vascular system. Finally, it provides a basis for understanding the development of this system as it is now possible to compare results obtained on fetuses with those obtained on adults.
nema
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The active use of the latest information technologies and non-cash payment forms has led to an increase in various types of fraud in the financial sector. Moreover, virtually all spheres of public ...relations now fall under the risk of fraudulent schemes, starting from financial credit and insurance and ending with foreign economic activity and the Internet. In addition, some other economic factors contribute to the significant spread of fraudulent schemes in modern conditions: a wide variety of new financial instruments (types of money, securities, financial services); rapid growth in financial transactions; leveling barriers to the unhindered movement of money, goods, and services in the process of globalization, which provokes an increase in transnational financial crime. Therefore, in search of tools to preserve existing and generate potential income, especially trusting investors fall into the traps of scammers. With the development of the current economic institutionalism, the principle of rationality in human economic behavior was no longer considered absolute, therefore, representatives of the institutional theory noted the irrational nature of human behavior, including in the field of economics and finance. Modern reality and economic practice are clear evidence of the truthfulness of this thesis. After all, despite the constant warnings of the mass media and other sources regarding various fraudulent schemes, as well as (paradoxically) often their own negative experience, citizens continue to invest in various kinds of fraudulent schemes. According to experts, the main reason is that «people will always strive for «easy» money, and it is unlikely that this desire will ever disappear» (Bruton, 2015). In this paper, we study the possibilities of preventing financial fraud on an international scale. In the context of the complexity of modern business processes, one of the most urgent problems has become the problem of activating the manifestations of corporate fraud. On average, companies lose about 5% of their profits due to corporate fraud, and the annual losses from such economic crimes amount to about USD 4 trillion on a global scale. In Russia, this figure reaches 15% (and we are talking only about losses made public by companies). The lion’s share of fraudulent schemes falls on the banking sector. The implementation of fraudulent schemes in the banking sector has certain features, in particular: fraudulent actions cause damage not only to banks and their depositors, but also negatively affect the stability of the financial system as a whole; such crimes are characterized by high latency, since managers, fearing for the business reputation of their bank, only in isolated cases turn to law enforcement agencies with appropriate statements; identifying the facts of financial fraud is very difficult since fraudsters (often not without the help of bank managers) hide their actions in every possible way and take measures to launder funds obtained by criminal means.
Allergic contact dermatitis in women Paravina, M; Nikolić, Lj
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo,
1994 Sep-Oct, Letnik:
122, Številka:
9-10
Journal Article
In everyday life, including the professional obligations, women are exposed to a great number of allergens leading to contact sensitization. In order to evaluate the aetiology, frequency and other ...features of allergic contact dermatitis in women, the results of epicutaneous testing in housewives (I group) and employed women (II group), were analysed. Clear distinctions were observed in relation to the place of residence, the age, the localization of some changes on the skin, the kind of allergens, the frequency of the allergens, etc. Among the women from the second group a significantly high number of allergens to which they were occupationally exposed was recorded.
The most frequent contact allergens in rubber industry are antioxidants, substances against again of rubber. The aim of the work is determining their role in generating of allergic contact dermatitis ...(ACD) in rubber industry workers depending on the kind of antioxidants, sex of workerw, lenght of working, pace of work. 68 workers (first group) with contact dermatitic and 40 of healthy workerw (second group) in rubber industry were examined. Patch tests and LIF on 5 antioxidants were done. Positive patch tests had 54,41% workers from first group and 17,50% of workers from second group. Most frequent antioxidant is IPPD (N-isopropyl-N-phenylparaphenylendiamin). More frequent sensitization to this allergen was noticed in women (61,29% : 48,65%). Sensitization to antioxidants was more found in workers with longer working experience. Indoubtful influence of workers place to formation of ACD was determined. The results of LIF are not in complete correlation with patch tests and clinical picture. It is concluded that contact sensitization to antioxidants particularly to IPPD often occurs in rubber industry, as well as depends on the length of exposure, working place, sex etc. In diagnosis of ACD to antioxidants, priority is given to clinical picture and patch tests.
Standard series of allergens should enable a successful detection of etiology of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), the intention, to detect allergens occuring in performing the largest number of ...professions that would sooner approach the results and patients would most commonly be saved of additional testing procedures. There are standard series of allergens recommended by the official associations detecting ACD, as well as many modifications, depending on research workers' experience in certain living and working surrounding. The aim of this work is to point to necessity of creation of optimal standard series of allergens which would be accepted by all those who deal with this problems on our areas. Constitution of various standard series applied both elsewhere and with us is analyzed,comparison to own previously gained experiences is made, and so on. An agreement about edoption of unique standard series of allergens is suggested by which further follow-up of results and inprovement of the same would be enabbed.
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