Skurdas ir kriminalizacija Petrovec, Dragan; Tompa, Gašper; Šugman, Katja
Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas,
12/2007, Letnik:
20
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article scrutinizes issues regarding the definition of wealth or poverty and reaction to crime as reflected by the number of prisoners in the development of West European countries as well as ...the development of the new member states, former countries in transition. Authors point out the problem of implementations of the principles of democracy, economic development not only in new member states, but rather globally. They stress that the traditional criterion for measuring wealth (GDP) is not sufficient to understand and evaluate different social phenomena, including crime and crime policy. For the more precise evaluation we need a so-called Human Poverty Index (HPI) which is a multidimensional measure of poverty. The HPI shows deprivation in four basic dimensions: health, education, material standards and social exclusion. Using this tool authors emphasize strong correlation between inequality and the number of prisoners in the transition countries, which leads to a conclusion that countries in transition when establishing democracy do not care much about the welfare state by introducing a safety net. The consequence is that a small part of the population became extremely rich, preventing, thus, democratic development of a political system. Authors criticize that in most cases transition countries blindly follow USA, instead of creating a welfare state. With this regard it should be stressed that widening the gap between rich and poor citizens in transition countries raise threat to democratic system turning into an oligarchy. Furthermore, it leads to the more tough approach towards crime and crime policy.
Straipsnyje svarstomi klausimai, susiję su, viena vertus, skurdo ar turto apibrėžimu, bei, antra vertus, reakcija į nusikaltimą Vakarų Europoje bei naujosiose Europos Sąjungos narėse. Autoriai pabrėžia, jog tradicinis bendro vidaus produkto kriterijus nėra pakankamas įvertinti skurdą ir suprasti tokiems reiškiniams kaip nusikalstamumas ir nusikalstamumo kontrolė. Šiam tikslui reikalingas žmogaus skurdo indeksas, daugiamatis skurdo rodiklis. Žmogaus skurdo indeksas atskleidžia atskirtį keturiuose lygmenyse: sveikatos, išsilavinimo, materialaus aprūpinimo standartų bei socialinės atskirties. Naudodamiesi šiuo įrankiu autoriai parodo stiprią koreliaciją tarp nelygybės ir įkalintųjų skaičiaus naujosiose Europos Sąjungos narėse. Daroma išvada, jog šiose valstybėse demokratijos įgyvendinimas atsietas nuo gerovės valstybės formavimo. Dėl to maža populiacijos dalis virsta ypač turtinga, o demokratijos raida ribojama. Autorių požiūriu, dažniausiai Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos, o ne gerovės valstybė, yra laikomos raidos modeliu. Šiuo atžvilgiu pabrėžtina obligarchijos grėsmė, kylanti dėl didėjančio atotrūkio tarp turtingai ir skurdžiai gyvenančių piliečių.
Science Fiction or Reality Petrovec, Dragan; Muršič, Mitja
The Prison journal (Philadelphia, Pa.),
12/2011, Letnik:
91, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The article presents probably the most relevant research to date on the Slovene prison system. The study was conducted through a 2-year research project sponsored by Ministry of Justice and carried ...out by the Institute of Criminology in Ljubljana. Along with a “longitudinal” study of the social climate in Slovene prison institutions, it evaluates the concepts, practices, and results of so-called sociotherapy as a specific approach to treatment of offenders. “Specific” in this case means that treatment simultaneously encompasses life in prison, the offenders’ social environment, and the inclusion of prison staff. Sociotherapy began as an experiment during the mid-70s and led to astonishing results, namely, the “opening” of prison institutions for almost all inmates, regardless of the length of sentence or the crime committed. Applying the findings of sociotherapy every 5 years since 1980, the social climate in every Slovene prison institution has been measured to assess the quality of support and control prisoners receive and the discipline and treatment philosophies at work in the system. Finally, the article deals with the situation after Slovene independence in 1991 and the passage of new legislation. Against expectations, we find that with the advent of democracy, standards of prisoner treatment have dropped. However, the success of the experiment should encourage all countries seeking to reduce the significant costs of incarceration and attempting to make prison institutions more humane.
IntroductionIdeas of mutual recognition and mutual trust in connection with a central criminal record authority are not recent. As we know, the need for a more effective exchange of criminal record ...data was emphasised in the European Council Declaration on Combating Terrorism (March 2004) and confirmed by the Hague Programme (November 2004). In October 2004 the first Proposal for a Council Decision on the exchange of information extracted from criminal records was adopted. It was followed by the White Paper on exchanges of information on convictions and the effect of such convictions within the European Union (January 25 2005) and the Council Decisions on the exchange of information extracted from the criminal record. Among the three possible options for a mutual recognition programme proposed in the White Paper the Commission obviously chose a middle option between networking of national criminal record offices. This solution was presented in the Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on the organisation and content of the exchange of information extracted from criminal records between Member States in December 2005.The purpose of this chapter is to give an overview of the recent Slovenian legal framework regarding criminal records and the transfer of data from the criminal records. This will be done in order to enquire into the legal obstacles to implementing the last EU document on the topic, namely the Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on the organisation and content of the exchange of information extracted from criminal records between Member States.
Media and Violence Petrovec, Dragan
Socialno Delo,
04/2003, Letnik:
42, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The contribution summarizes the findings of a research on "Violence in the Media." It has two parts. The first is theoretical & discusses the phenomenon in general, as well as responses to it. The ...second is empirical, providing data on the amount of violence in some public media. The main news of national & commercial TV were compared on the same day for the period of two months. The results show that commercial TV differs considerably from national TV, as it contains almost three times more violent content. But the national broadcaster catches up in some other programs. Further, the daily with the highest circulation in Slovenia is analyzed from the standpoint of the amount of violence, the manner of reporting, & graphic material, taking 100 random issues from the last two years. The analysis of front pages, graphic material, & the amount of violence on the whole shows that violence is a highly marketed commodity. Nearly 80% of titles evoke bloody stories, which then actually follow. The author does not think that classical censorship could be argued for, because the culture of disseminating information & the culture of reading are formed in a continuing process. It is characteristic for the present editorial policies to design news to the tastes of their audiences. As a rule, editors decline the role of designers of general culture & only accept the role of those who "serve the audience.". 14 References. Adapted from the source document.
The article scrutinizes issues regarding the definition of wealth or poverty and reaction to crime as reflected by the number of prisoners in the development of West European countries as well as the ...development of the new member states, former countries in transition. Authors point out the problem of implementations of the principles of democracy, economic development not only in new member states, but rather globally. They stress that the traditional criterion for measuring wealth (GDP) is not sufficient to understand and evaluate different social phenomena, including crime and crime policy. For the more precise evaluation we need a so-called Human Poverty Index (HPI) which is a multidimensional measure of poverty
The article scrutinizes issues regarding the definition of wealth or poverty and reaction to crime as reflected by the number of prisoners in the development of West European countries as well as the ...development of the new member states, former countries in transition. Authors point out the problem of implementations of the principles of democracy, economic development not only in new member states, but rather globally. They stress that the traditional criterion for measuring wealth (GDP) is not sufficient to understand and evaluate different social phenomena, including crime and crime policy. For the more precise evaluation we need a so-called Human Poverty Index (HPI) which is a multidimensional measure of poverty. The HPI shows deprivation in four basic dimensions: health, education, material standards and social exclusion. Using this tool authors emphasize strong correlation between inequality and the number of prisoners in the transition countries, which leads to a conclusion that countries in transition when establishing democracy do not care much about the welfare state by introducing a safety net. The consequence is that a small part of the population became extremely rich, preventing, thus, democratic development of a political system. Authors criticize that in most cases transition countries blindly follow USA, instead of creating a welfare state. With this regard it should be stressed that widening the gap between rich and poor citizens in transition countries raise threat to democratic system turning into an oligarchy. Furthermore, it leads to the more tough approach towards crime and crime policy.
Resurrection of Victims Petrovec, Dragan
Social justice (San Francisco, Calif.),
04/1997, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1 (67)
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Petrovec argues that vesting the victims of abuses of state power with such power, at least in the newly emerging countries of the former Yugoslavia, can also have ill effects from the standpoint of ...justice and crime policy.
Natasa Magister's lecture "Sodobni koncepti socialnega dela v luci socioterapevtskega in restorativnega modela obravnave zaprtih oseb - kako naprej?" (Contemporary Concepts of Social Work in Light of ...Sociotherapeutic and Restorative Models of the Treatment of Imprisoned Persons: How to Proceed Next?), delivered at the criminological congress held in Ljubljana, 24-25 September 2003, is critiqued. Her definition of the sociotherapeutic model is found to be incorrect, pointing out that the treated individual's role is not passive in the treatment process as he/she is the subject rather than the object of the procedure. Magister's comparison of classical, modern, & postmodern approaches to the rehabilitation of offenders is criticized as based on theoretical characterizations provided in the literature on the subject rather than empirical data from practitioners. Her explanation of the popularity of the sociotherapeutic model in Slovenia in the 1980s is found to be flawed & based on incorrect assumptions. Her conceptualization of restorative justice & arguments for the superiority of the restorative approach over the sociotherapeutic one are criticized. Suggestions are offered answering the question Kako naprej? (How to Proceed Next?) in the title of Magister's lecture. 4 References. Z. Dubiel
Sociological & socio-demographic variables in general prevail in research & theories about the fear of crime. Although these research studies have contributed a lot to the understanding of the fear ...of crime, we are still very far from a complete understanding of this phenomenon in contemporary society. The paper presents two independent research studies about the fear of crime, carried out in Slovenia & in Bosnia & Herzegovina. The results indicate a higher level of fear of crime among women, among people who feel physically less capable, the unemployed & among people who are often absent from their home in the late evening hours. In the frame of the socio-psychological model it was established that there are great differences between the two research samples in that respondents from Bosnia & Herzegovina more frequently perceive themselves as possible targets of crime & emphasize more than Slovene respondents jealousy as a possible motive for crime. Mistrust of strangers is more pronounced in the Slovene population as well as the conviction that they can chase away a potential assaulter & avoid dangerous places. Analysis of items in the socio-demographic model shows a higher level of exposure to potential victimization, more communication in the social environment & a greater fear of the natural environment, such as forests, in the Bosnian sample. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.
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