Due to migration, terror‐threats and the viral pandemic, various EU member states have re‐established internal border control or even closed their borders. European Association for Biometrics (EAB), ...a non‐profit organisation, solicited the views of its members on ways which biometric technologies and services may be used to help with re‐establishing open borders within the Schengen area while at the same time mitigating any adverse effects. From the responses received, this position paper was composed to identify ideas to re‐establish free travel between the member states in the Schengen area. The paper covers the contending needs for security, open borders and fundamental rights as well as legal constraints that any technological solution must consider. A range of specific technologies for direct biometric recognition alongside complementary measures are outlined. The interrelated issues of ethical and societal considerations are also highlighted. Provided a holistic approach is adopted, it may be possible to reach a more optimal trade‐off with regards to open borders while maintaining a high‐level of security and protection of fundamental rights. European Association for Biometrics and its members can play an important role in fostering a shared understanding of security and mobility challenges and their solutions.
This position paper was composed to identify ideas to re‐establish free travel between the member states in the Schengen area. The paper covers the contending needs for security, open borders and fundamental rights as well as legal constraints that any technological solution must consider. A range of specific technologies for direct biometric recognition alongside complementary measures are outlined.
Morphing attacks have posed a severe threat to Face Recognition System (FRS). Despite the number of advancements reported in recent works, we note serious open issues such as independent ...benchmarking, generalizability challenges and considerations to age, gender, ethnicity that are inadequately addressed. Morphing Attack Detection (MAD) algorithms often are prone to generalization challenges as they are database dependent. The existing databases, mostly of semi-public nature, lack in diversity in terms of ethnicity, various morphing process and post-processing pipelines. Further, they do not reflect a realistic operational scenario for Automated Border Control (ABC) and do not provide a basis to test MAD on unseen data, in order to benchmark the robustness of algorithms. In this work, we present a new sequestered dataset for facilitating the advancements of MAD where the algorithms can be tested on unseen data in an effort to better generalize. The newly constructed dataset consists of facial images from 150 subjects from various ethnicities, age-groups and both genders. In order to challenge the existing MAD algorithms, the morphed images are with careful subject pre-selection created from the contributing images, and further post-processed to remove morphing artifacts. The images are also printed and scanned to remove all digital cues and to simulate a realistic challenge for MAD algorithms. Further, we present a new online evaluation platform to test algorithms on sequestered data. With the platform we can benchmark the morph detection performance and study the generalization ability. This work also presents a detailed analysis on various subsets of sequestered data and outlines open challenges for future directions in MAD research.
Let
k
be an algebraically closed field. Let Λ be the path algebra over
k
of the linearly oriented quiver
for
n
≥ 3. For
r
≥ 2 and
n
>
r
we consider the finite dimensional
k
−algebra Λ(
n
,
r
) ...which is defined as the quotient algebra of Λ by the two sided ideal generated by all paths of length
r
. We will determine for which pairs (
n
,
r
) the algebra Λ(
n
,
r
) is piecewise hereditary, so the bounded derived category
D
b
(Λ(
n
,
r
)) is equivalent to the bounded derived category of a hereditary abelian category
as triangulated category.
Die Anwendbarkeit des derzeit gültigen Verfahrens zur energetischen Bewertung von Nichtwohngebäuden gemäß aktueller Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV 2014) in Verbindung mit DIN V 18599 als Planungs‐ ...und Bewertungstool auf Pflege‐ und intensiv‐medizinische Bereiche von Krankenhäusern wird an einem beispielhaften, mittelgroßen Krankenhaus untersucht. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Praktikabilität der Abbildung von thermischen Lasten und Raumzuständen durch die Normnutzungsprofile aus DIN V 18599 Teil 10 im Vergleich zu realen, vor Ort erfassten Nutzungsbedingungen. Weitere Betrachtungen in einer einfachen thermischen Simulation (TRNSYSlite) erlauben eine methodische Kritik in Bezug auf die Aussagekraft der nach Norm berechneten EnEV‐Ergebnisse. Es werden Empfehlungen für Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der energetischen Performance und der Behaglichkeit in Krankenhäusern im Bereich der Planung erarbeitet.
Energetic Evaluation of care and critical care units of hospitals according to EnEV 2014. The applicability of the procedure for energetic evaluation of non‐residential buildings according to the German Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV 2014) and DIN V 18599 as a planning tool for care and critical care units of hospitals is examined, using the example of an average, medium‐sized hospital. The focus is on the practicality of applying thermal loads and conditions from DIN V 18599 part 10 standard profiles compared to real constraints, recorded on site. The validity of the standard EnEV calculation is additionally tested in a thermal simulation model. Recommendations for measures to improve the energy performance and comfort of health care facilities during the planning process are worked out.
Die Anwendbarkeit des derzeit gultigen Verfahrens zur energetischen Bewertung von Nichtwohngebäuden gemäß aktueller Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV 2014) in Verbindung mit DIN V 18599 als Planungs- ...und Bewertungstool auf Pflege- und intensiv-medizinische Bereiche von Krankenhäusern wird an einem beispielhaften, mittelgroßen Krankenhaus untersucht. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Praktikabilität der Abbildung von thermischen Lasten und Raumzuständen durch die Normnutzungsprofile aus DIN V 18599 Teil 10 im Vergleich zu realen, vor Ort erfassten Nutzungsbedingungen. Weitere Betrachtungen in einer einfachen thermischen Simulation (TRNSYSlite) erlauben eine methodische Kritik in Bezug auf die Aussagekraft der nach Norm berechneten EnEV-Ergebnisse. Es werden Empfehlungen fur Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der energetischen Performance und der Behaglichkeit in Krankenhäusern im Bereich der Planung erarbeitet. Energetic Evaluation of care and critical care units of hospitals according to EnEV 2014. The applicability of the procedure for energetic evaluation of non-residential buildings according to the German Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV 2014) and DIN V 18599 as a planning tool for care and critical care units of hospitals is examined, using the example of an average, medium-sized hospital. The focus is on the practicality of applying thermal loads and conditions from DIN V 18599 part 10 standard profiles compared to real constraints, recorded on site. The validity of the standard EnEV calculation is additionally tested in a thermal simulation model. Recommendations for measures to improve the energy performance and comfort of health care facilities during the planning process are worked out.
Evidence of identity (EOI), sometimes mentioned as breeder documents in a physical representation form, refers to a single or a set of evidence that can be used to provide confidence to the claimed ...identity. Trust of evidence of identity needs prudential assessment by an authority or a service provider before such evidence of identity can be accepted for identity verification or eligibility evaluation purposes. This is especially the case when such purposes have a high risk of cost, security, and other critical consequences. In this paper we analyze the status of deployed EOIs in the scope of ePassport issuance; and then attempt to define the implementation types, fraud scenarios, security objectives, and trust levels for EOIs, which have not been clearly defined in existing research and standardization societies. As a pilot survey work in this field, recommendations from policy and technology perspectives towards a highly-trusted EOI framework for standardization are shaped towards future ePassport issuance standardization and practice. Finally, a new design of birth certificate, compliant to the proposed recommendations, is presented as an example of trusted EOI.
Let kQ be the path algebra of a quiver Q without oriented cycles with n vertices. An indecomposable kQ-module without self-extensions is called exceptional. The braid group B
n
with n − 1 generators ...acts naturally on the set of complete exceptional sequences. Crawley-Boevey (Proceedings of ICRA VI, Carleton-Ottawa, 1992) and Ringel (Contemp. Math. 1994, 171, 339-352) have pointed out that this action is transitive. The number of complete exceptional sequences for kQ representation finite will be computed here and it is shown to be independent of the orientation of the arrows of the quiver Q. The factor group of the braid group which acts freely on the set of complete exceptional sequences can be regarded as a subgroup of the symmetric group S
ϵ
n
, where ϵ
n
is the number of complete exceptional sequences of the algebra kQ. This group is known for certain special types of quivers. Some other interesting relations of the acting group will be given.
This paper presents a tool for the indicator-based analysis of national innovation systems (ANIS). ANIS identifies the economic strengths and weaknesses of a country-wide, regional or local system ...and includes a comprehensive examination and evaluation of the status of existing innovation systems. The use of a particular form of expert interviews at macro, meso and micro levels provides a detailed image of a national, regional or local economy. This analytical approach is intended mainly for emerging and developing countries, for which standard innovation benchmarking and monitoring approaches may not be appropriate. The ANIS approach provides a quick and comprehensive picture of the main scope of interventions for improving individual determinants of an innovation system. As a result, targeted policy measures can be formulated to address these determinants. Policy makers can thus benefit from clear advice when striving to overcome weaknesses in their innovation systems and in identifying those determinants that should receive special attention. An analysis of the local innovation system of Manaus in Brazil is presented here as an example.
The role of daily living skills in forensic psychiatric patients in relation to psychotherapeutic progress and the potential reduction of dangerous behaviour has been neglected in the scientific ...discussion about clinical instruments for the evaluation of dangerousness and recidivism. This is mainly due to the lack of adequate observationally based instruments allowing for valid and reliable therapeutic assessments. Therefore, a new means of assessment focusing on daily living skills and social risk (the BEST-Index Behavioural Status Index was applied to n = 86 German forensic psychiatric patients. Two widely known actuarial instruments tapping violence risk were administered for cross validation (Psychopathy Checklist Revised PCL-R, HCR-20). Within intervals of nine months, all instruments were applied three times. Sufficient inter rater reliability and good convergent validity of the sub-scales in relation to the actuarial instruments (HCR-20, PCL-R) could be demonstrated; supported by empirical data, clinicians working with the BEST-Index may use it to monitor behavioural change over long treatment periods. It is suggested that treatment planning and evaluation of mentally ill offenders might profit from its use.
Morphing attacks have posed a severe threat to Face Recognition System (FRS). Despite the number of advancements reported in recent works, we note serious open issues such as independent ...benchmarking, generalizability challenges and considerations to age, gender, ethnicity that are inadequately addressed. Morphing Attack Detection (MAD) algorithms often are prone to generalization challenges as they are database dependent. The existing databases, mostly of semi-public nature, lack in diversity in terms of ethnicity, various morphing process and post-processing pipelines. Further, they do not reflect a realistic operational scenario for Automated Border Control (ABC) and do not provide a basis to test MAD on unseen data, in order to benchmark the robustness of algorithms. In this work, we present a new sequestered dataset for facilitating the advancements of MAD where the algorithms can be tested on unseen data in an effort to better generalize. The newly constructed dataset consists of facial images from 150 subjects from various ethnicities, age-groups and both genders. In order to challenge the existing MAD algorithms, the morphed images are with careful subject pre-selection created from the contributing images, and further post-processed to remove morphing artifacts. The images are also printed and scanned to remove all digital cues and to simulate a realistic challenge for MAD algorithms. Further, we present a new online evaluation platform to test algorithms on sequestered data. With the platform we can benchmark the morph detection performance and study the generalization ability. This work also presents a detailed analysis on various subsets of sequestered data and outlines open challenges for future directions in MAD research.
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