Previous research has demonstrated an association between the emotional and behavioral symptoms of dementia, known as neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive and functional decline among patients ...with Alzheimer disease (AD). The present study aimed to identify associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and cognitive and functional performance. Participants were 256 AD patients enrolled in the Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders Center at Baylor College of Medicine. An exploratory factor analysis of the NPI-Q indicated a 2-factor structure consisting of Negative/Oppositional and Anxiety/Restlessness factors. Regression analyses revealed significant associations between greater total severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and poorer performance on basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Greater severity of Anxiety/Restlessness symptoms was associated with poor performance on measures of visuospatial functioning and basic and instrumental activities of daily living. The Negative/Oppositional factor was not related to cognition or functioning. In summary, neuropsychiatric symptoms (particularly Anxiety/Restlessness symptoms) were related to cognition and everyday functioning. Proper assessment and treatment of these symptoms is essential for improving cognition and functioning in AD patients.
Background/Aims:
Previous research suggests that low levels of testosterone may be associated with the development of Alzheimer disease (AD), as well as poorer performance on certain ...neuropsychological tests and increased risk of depression.
Methods:
This study utilized data from 61 nondemented older men and 68 men with probable AD.
Results:
Testosterone levels did not differ between the groups. Regression analyses in men with AD revealed that testosterone levels did not significantly predict performance on neuropsychological tests or a measure of depression. Among controls, testosterone levels predicted estimated premorbid verbal IQ and performance on a verbal fluency test.
Conclusion:
Findings suggest that testosterone is not associated with most neuropsychological test performances in patients with AD.
Rate of progression of cognitive deficits is variable among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of the current study was to compare demographic characteristics and performance on ...neuropsychological measures at baseline evaluation between rapidly and slowly progressing patients. Participants were divided into 2 groups based on change in Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale score from baseline to 2-year follow-up, and baseline performance was compared between the groups. Participants were 55 rapidly progressing and 55 slowly progressing patients with probable AD who had a follow-up evaluation 21 to 27 months after the baseline evaluation. The groups differed in age and initial Clinical Dementia Rating. Performance differed significantly between the groups on Verbal Series Attention Test time, Logical Memory I, Visual Reproduction I, Block Design, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Differences were found between rapidly and slowly progressing patients on baseline neuropsychological testing.
Purpose/Objective: Satisfaction with life (SWL) is an important measure of outcome in rehabilitation. Previous research suggests that those with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), even mild ...TBI, report lower levels of life satisfaction when compared with the noninjured population. Although is it possible that TBI has a direct effect on SWL, various medical and psychosocial factors commonly affecting those recovering from TBI likely contribute to SWL. Research Method/Design: The present study aimed to identify factors related to SWL in 95 veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) with a history of mild TBI. Results: Regression analyses indicated that headache impact, pain interference, sleep quality, posttraumatic stress symptom severity, and social support were all significantly related to SWL. However, when secondary analyses were conducted including posttraumatic stress symptom severity as a covariate before the entry of other predictors, only sleep quality and social support remained significantly associated with SWL. Conclusions/Implications: These results indicate the importance of properly identifying and treating symptoms of posttraumatic stress in veterans with a history of mTBI, as posttraumatic stress symptoms appear to be strongly related to SWL in those with a history of mild TBI. Optimizing sleep quality and social support may also be important in improving SWL.
Introduction: Previous research has identified a relation between impulsiveness and substance use, as well as performance on certain tests of executive functioning. However, no prior research has ...investigated these relations in Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, or Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans with and without a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Method: The present study utilized a sample of 127 veterans (55 controls, 72 mTBI). Relations among health behaviors, cognition, and domain scores (attentional, motor, and nonplanning impulsiveness) of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were examined using regression analyses. Results: Nonplanning impulsiveness was associated with higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score. Attentional and motor impulsiveness were not associated with performance on any measures of behavior or cognition. The relationship between nonplanning impulsiveness and alcohol misuse was not influenced by history of mTBI. Conclusions: These results partially support previous findings and indicate that an association between impulsiveness and problematic behaviors exists in OEF/OIF/OND veterans, regardless of TBI history.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Work rehabilitation programs were developed to help workers with an injury return to work (RTW). While studies have examined intervention characteristics, prognostic factors, and disability level, ...there is little or no research examining interdisciplinary interventions, lifting capacity/strength and the level of a patient's RTW status (e.g., not working, new job, or ongoing restrictions) at the time of discharge.
To evaluate outcomes (RTW status and lifting capacity/strength changes) of an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation program and examine whether time off work prior to the program and type of injury were related to RTW status and strength changes.
A retrospective database analysis was conducted with a sample of 495 participants (Mage = 44.44 years, SD = 10.13) of which 375 (76%) were male. Participants were workers with injuries who participated in an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation program from 2006 to 2010.
A significantly higher number of participants were working at the end of the program than at the beginning (83.9% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.0001). Mean strength was higher at the time of discharge compared to at admission (p < 0.0001). The participants that did not RTW had had significantly more days off work prior to the program (U = 11757, z = -3.152, p = 0.002). The type of injury was not related to strength at the time of discharge.
Findings suggest the interdisciplinary program is associated with positive outcomes and early intervention may be an important factor when treating patients with work-related injuries.
English Idioms Siegrist, Ottmar K (Review of: Seidl, Jennifer; McMordie, W)
Neusprachliche Mitteilungen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis,
05/1992, Letnik:
45, Številka:
2
Book Review
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