BACKGROUND: Strains of Dirofilaria immitis suspected of lack of efficacy (LOE) to macrocyclic lactone (ML) preventive drugs have been increasingly reported in dogs by practicing veterinarians since ...2005 in the Lower Mississippi Delta region. If proven, and not controlled in the early stages, the emergence of ML drug resistance threatens to become a widespread problem in the US that may limit the effectiveness of current preventive drug treatment methods. METHODS: To validate practice reports, a statewide survey of Louisiana veterinarians was done to define the extent of the problem and identify focal ‘hotspots’ of reported ML LOEs using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) methods. The present study then utilized microfilariae (Mf) from two canine field cases from different state locations that fit criteria for a high index of suspicion of LOE against heartworms by ML drugs. Blood containing Mf from the canine field cases was used to infect and produce L₃in Aedes aegypti for experimental infection of two groups of dogs, each of which contained two laboratory dogs, one treated with prophylactic ivermectin (12 μg/kg) monthly for 6 months at twice the label dose (6 μg/kg), and one untreated control. RESULTS: Both treated and untreated dogs from Group I and Group II developed patent D. immitis infections by 218 DPI and 189 DPI, respectively, as evidenced by a positive occult heartworm antigen test and microfilaremia by the Knott’s test. Mf counts gradually increased post-patency in test and control dogs. Infective larvae raised from microfilariae from the treated Group I dog were used to successfully establish a second generation isolate, confirming heritability of resistance in the face of a monthly ivermectin challenge dose of 24 μg/kg, given monthly for 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These experimental infection studies provide in vivo evidence of the existence of ML drug resistance in dogs infected by D. immitis L₃from suspect field LOE cases in the Lower Mississippi Delta. Results encourage further work on mechanisms underlying the emergence of ML resistance in D. immitis and development of evidence-based resistance management strategies for heartworm preventives in order to extend the useful life of current drugs.
Chances are, you’re already a Web user and use the Internet on a regular basis. You’ve probably seen a few impressive Web sites and now you’re inspired to create a Web page of your own, but you’re ...not sure where to start. The answer is: right here!Creating Web Pages For Dummiesguides you through the process of making your own Web pages without hassle or confusion. This straightforward book shows you just how easy it is to launch a site, specialize a page, making your site interactive, and much more! In no time you will become a pro in:Web publishing basicsGeocities, Google page creator, and AOL Web publishingUsing Flickr, creating blogs, and selling products on eBayHTML and other handy tools to “beef up” your siteWriting and formatting Web textCreating and adding graphics for your siteAdding links, animation, and multimediaDesigning a great-looking, complete Web siteBesides getting to know the ins and outs of building a Web page, this guide offers suggestions on Web publishing, ranging from testing out your Web site and advertising your site to legal permission and displaying borrowed content. This resourceful guide also includes Web lingo worth knowing and a quick guide to HTML tags, which points out some lesser known but nevertheless useful tags. Now in its 8thedition, Creating Web Pages For Dummieswill help make your Web page stand out in the crowd!
This book provides guidelines for those responsible for the development of contemporary curriculum for instruction in vocational-technical fields. It is a compendium of the various systems of ...teaching and testing for students training for a variety of occupations requiring specialized knowledge and skill development. The guide consists of 12 chapters, each aimed at specific tasks in curriculum development or at a particular method of instruction. "The Curriculum in Vocational Education" (Nelson Foell) defines and describes curriculum while introducing the remaining 11 chapters that present information, guidelines, and specific procedures for activities that will help the reader develop a curriculum. The chapters are as follows: "The Occupational Analysis" (Lester Duenk); "Sources of Curriculum Materials" (Clifton Campbell, Ethel Smith); "Writing the Preliminaries for Your Curriculum Guide" (Lester Duenk); "The Individualized Competency Record" (K. Kurt Eschenmann); "Unit Guide Preliminaries and Lesson Plan Development" (Jesse Hudson); "Instruction Sheets" (Clifton Campbell); "Cognitive Achievement Evaluation" (John Scott); "Manipulative Performance Tests" (Clifton Campbell); "Safety and Liability" (Richard Crosby); "Self-Directed Learning" (Walter Ramey); and "Organizing Curriculum Guide Components" (Lester Duenk). Each chapter is followed by appendixes that may contain sample formats or forms. An index is provided. (YLB)
Multiplying Your Questioning Power Smith, Bud
Getting results- for the hands-on manager. A (Plant ed.),
01/1989, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Jobs often demand questions to accomplish the following: 1. inquiry or fact-finding, 2. confirmation, or 3. persuasion. For inquiries, open-ended questions should be asked, making certain the ...questions follow a logical sequence. All data should then be organized on a worksheet so that questions need not be repeated. For confirmation questions, which validate facts, simple yes or no questions are appropriate. Persuasion questions usually follow a pattern: 1. Client needs are identified. 2. The perceived benefits of the suggestion for the prospect are determined. 3. The values and payoffs for accepting the suggestion are identified. 4. Concerns about the cost of the suggestion are identified and clarified. 5. Questions to close the sale and test the client's commitment are asked. Open-ended questions early on are essential to persuasion; only at the end is a simple yes or no question used. Questioning is a skill that can be refined and improved.
Define 'security' Smith, Bud
National post (Toronto),
11/2001
Newspaper Article
Mr. Herb Gray's letter suggests $2.75 per Anglican parishioner paid over 10 years could result in an agreement. The Diocese previously has not seen this formula as part of any offer from Ottawa.
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