Nell'opus letterario testimoniale di Boris Pahor, il tema del campo è uno dei più importanti. A differenza di altri eminenti testimoni che sono tornati vivi dai campi nazisti, egli non ha scelto di ...fornire un resoconto completo e cronologicamente lineare della sua esperienza nel campo. La tematica del corpo, presente fin dall'inizio della scrittura autobiografica di Pahor, emerge con forza in tutte le sue opere successive. A differenza di altri eminenti testimoni che, come lui, hanno vissuto l'esperienza estrema del campo di concentramento, Pahor non distoglie lo sguardo dai corpi emaciati e dai cadaveri. La sua rappresentazione del denudamento è così drammaticamente concreta da suscitare orrore nel lettore.
L'articolo illustra l'atteggiamento della storiografia slovena nei confronti delle fonti orali e l'importanza delle pratiche di memoria nella loro rivalutazione. L'articolo evidenzia il contesto ...mediatico dell'uso politico delle testimonianze orali nel contesto del conflitto memoriale legato all'interpretazione della Seconda guerra mondiale e analizza le conseguenze del modesto impegno della storiografia nel campo della storia orale. Viene inoltre menzionato il contributo di singoli ricercatori e ricercatrici sloveni nel campo della storia orale, in particolare per quanto riguarda la ricostruzione di eventi e fenomeni storici nel territorio multietnico del confine italo-jugoslavo, italo-sloveno dal 1991.
The article addresses changes occurring in education in the Julian March after November 1918. Based on the press and archival materials, it provides an analysis of the school authorities' policy and ...the response of Slovene and Croatian teachers to a gradual closing of minority schools, with special attention to the position and operation of Slovene women teachers and their attitude towards the woman question. Attempting to adjust to the new circumstances and to defy Italianization, the Slovene minority school system introduced new forms of self-organization and intensive political activities. It was particularly Slovene women teachers who intensified their professional and public operation in the transition period also because the post-war period was favourably disposed towards young teachers. Being cut away from Ljubljana, the cultural and political centre, and aversion to the new state and its nationalist politics contributed to the susceptibility to radical trains of thought, also in terms of the woman question.
The paper addresses Slovene women’s activities in organizations in the Julian March and opens questions associated with their political and national activity after World War I and after the rise of ...fascism in Italy. Attention has been paid to the transition from legal to illegal activity and the role played by women in the Slovene anti-fascist movement of the 1920s and 1930s. It is evident from police sources that women (particularly students and educated women) often appeared in lists of persons who were deemed a threat to the fascist regime. The extent and features of women’s illegal activities were only partly documented by historiography, which, notably, failed to explore the extent and characteristics of women’s illegal activities. The article sheds light on two remarkable antifascists, Fanica Obid and Ljudmila Rutar, whom the authorities regarded as a grave threat to Mussolini’s regime.
Članek tematizira začetek in razvoj ženskih študij na Slovenskem in diskontinuitete v kolek-tivnem spominu na žensko gibanje. V tem oziru prikaže razvoj medvojnih ženskih društev in založb ter ...začetke univerzitetnega raziskovanja »ženskih tem«, premike, ki sta jih povzroči-la druga svetovna vojna in vzpostavljanje socialistične oblasti. Novi režim si je prizadeval za uveljavitev enakosti med spoloma, ni bil pa pripravljen ločeno obravnavati položaja žensk, njihove vloge v družini in v družbi. Kljub pomembnim spremembam je socialistična oblast ohranila patriarhalno logiko, ki se je obnovila tudi po letu 1991. Novi val feminističnega gibanja na Slovenskem je v devetdesetih letih organiziral številne nevladne organizacije in druge feministične iniciative, ki pa so po letu 2005 pojenjale. V zaključnem delu članka avtorici tematizirata umeščanje zgodovine žensk v slovensko historiografijo in ugotavljata pomen institucionalizacije ženskih študij in študij spola v akademskem okolju.
Ženske v vojni in o véliki vojni Verginella, Marta
Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino,
10/2015, Letnik:
55, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The article focuses on the impacts of World War I on the gender relations. Did the war bring more freedom, easier labour market access and greater role of women in the society, as the duties and ...obligations of women increased along with men’s general mobilisation? The panoramic overview of the most referential existing studies comes to a conclusion that there is no unequivocal explanation. The Great War indeed offered new opportunities for women’s activities in many places around Europe, including the Slovenian lands, whereas political and administrative powers often tried to prevent the more radical changes of gender roles in the society.
Autobiographical sources, fragments of memoirs and correspondences, and individual oral narratives, collected in the 1980s, enable a research of female Slovenian refugees from Gorizia and Soča ...region, who found themselves on both sides of the front, in Austrian and Italian context, during the First World War. Individual narratives, although succinct, highlight the centrality of women, mothers or older sisters, from their ability to use and complement state subsidies to becoming interlocutors for the authorities, depending on the place of the transfer. The war loosened social control over women, yet not all benefited from these new spaces of autonomy. The Slovenian intellectuals from Trieste and Gorizia, who during the war became public champions of the suffering of the displaced and refugees, especially of the plight of mothers-refugees, became refugees themselves after the war when the former Litoral region became part of Italy and fascism ascended.
In Slovenia, where historiography has until recently treated oral sources as unreliable and where oral history was considered something exotic and uninteresting in academic historiographic circles, ...we are witnessing an increasingly frequent public and political use of oral testimonies, on which especially on television is bestowed the status of documentary evidence. In the circumstances of the perverted use of recent history for political purposes, the testifier plays the role of eyewitness, the one who speaks about what they saw and therefore about what really happened. The media present these narrations as truth unveiled which simply begs for a radical historiographic revision and an unambiguous judgement about who the executioner was and who the victim. The narrated testimonies of witnessed events on Slovene television are acquiring an increasingly unambiguous authority as 'new history.' In truth, the political use of the testifier is a more general phenomenon, noticeable in other European environments as well, where testifiers act as the bearers of 'true history,' although being a witness has never implied that one is also a historian (see Hartog). It is a well-known fact that in antiquity oral sources were given precedence over written ones. Although many historians faced the changeability and fragility of oral testimonies in the successive centuries, the use of oral documentation became the subject of systematic study and historiographic reflection only in the 1970s. It is not insignificant that it was precisely those historographic circles where oral sources were intended to fill in for the lack of written, archival sources, to come to the realisation that oral testimonies were worth a subtle and critical examination because they are characterised not only by subjectivity and the changeability inherent to any remembrance, but also by a dialogical interdependency between the historian asking questions and listening and the person who is challenged and encouraged to speak and narrate. Numerous studies in the field of oral history confirm that the great value of oral sources is not as much in their informative as in their narrative nature, in the emotional charge of the narrations, in the ambiguities and simplifications, in the mistakes and errors of their accounting. As the witness remembers the past, its revival unavoidably involves a reconstruction, reduction and alteration of what was experienced and seen. The account of what one has seen and experienced is integrated in the narrations of others and contaminated by the contents and notions dictated by later social and cultural processes.
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