Heidegger et la romanité philosophique Volpi, Franco
Revue de métaphysique et de morale (Paris, France : 1945),
9/2001, Letnik:
31, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Face à la conviction heideggérienne que la philosophie serait une affaire originairement et foncièrement grecque, une question inévitable se pose : qu’en est-il de la « romanité philosophique » ? ...L’auteur analyse dans une perspective critique l’unilatérale recontruction heideggérienne du rapport entre la romanitas et le monde grec, notamment l’idée que la romanité exprimerait une forme d’existence dérivée et décadente, qui ne serait plus à la hauteur de l’expérience grecque de l’être, occultée par la traduction latine des termes grecs fondamentaux. Il se propose donc de montrer que les Romains ont introduit d’autres concepts, inconnus des Grecs et devenus fondamentaux pour la culture européenne, tels que religio ou pietas, dont il présente un premier petit catalogue.
Face à la conviction heideggérienne que la philosophie serait une affaire originairement et foncièrement grecque, une question inévitable se pose : qu'en est-il de la « românite philosophique » ? ...L'auteur analyse dans une perspective critique l'unila térale recontruction heideggérienne du rapport entre la romanitas et le monde grec, notamment Vidée que la românite exprimerait une forme d'existence dérivée et décadente, qui ne serait plus à la hauteur de l'expérience grecque de l'être, occultée par la traduction latine des termes grecs fondamentaux. Il se propose donc de montrer que les Romains ont introduit d'autres concepts, inconnus des Grecs et devenus fondamentaux pour la culture européenne, tels que religio ou pietas, dont il présente un premier petit catalogue. Di fronte alla convinzione heideggeriana secondo cui la filosofia sarebbe una faccenda originariamente e fondamentalmente greca, si pone questione inevitabile : che ne è della « romanità filosofica » ? L'articolo esamina in prospettiva critica l'unilaterale ricostruzione heideggeriana del rapporto tra la romanitas e il mondo greco, specialmente l'idea che la romanità esprimerebbe una forma di esistenza derivata e decadente non più all'altezza dell'esperienza greca dell'essere, che essa occulterebbe attraverso la traduzione latina delle parole greche fondamentali. Si propone pertanto di mostrare che i Romani hanno introdotto altri concetti, sconosciuti ai Greci e diventati fondamentali per la cultura europea, come religio pietas, di cui presenta un primo piccolo catalogo.
In the second half of the 20th century, the crisis of positivism led to the rise of new directions in the philosophy of science. In the same period many economists expressed an increasing ...dissatisfaction with the so far dominant economic paradigms. The aim of this paper is to point out the relation between the main trends in the philosophy of science and the debate on the nature and the method of economics. The paper will review the main thesis of logical empiricism, proposed by Hutchison as research guidelines in the field of economics, and the transition from verificationism to Popper\'s falsicationism. It will then examine how the empirical-deductive method of positivism was interpreted by Friedman and Samuelson, who many consider the main exponents of neo-classic economics. With Kuhn and Lakatos, the emphasis of the «new» philosophy of sciences shifts from what scientists «should do» to what they actually «do» in the research practice. Another important evolution occurs with the works of Feyerabend and Rorty and the emergence of «post-modernist» trends, which deny any a kind of epistemology and maintain that a theory is acceptable only inasmuch it is endorsed by the scientific community. The relation between these radical changes in the philosophy of sciences and the debate on the methods and status of economics is complex. Heterodoxes economic theories, wishing to address the crisis of mainstream economics and the «economists\' uneasiness», do not imply a refusal of positivism, and «post-modernist» approach had a limited appeal among economists. The paper presents the contributions of McCloskey and Rosenberg, two economists who particularly developed the arguments against positivist epistemology applied to economics, but it observes that, if interesting, such ideas do not provide a solid enough basis to overcome neoclassical orthodoxy. The conclusions briefly examine a still evolving and promising research approach, the «critical realism» recently promoted by the «Cambridge Group», which links criticism to the empiricaldeductive method with the proposal of alternative economic theories.
In the academic year 1920-1921 at the University of Freiburg, Martin Heidegger gave a series of extraordinary lectures on the phenomenological significance of the religious thought of St. Paul and ...St. Augustine. The publication of these lectures in 1995 settled a long disputed question, the decisive role played by Christian theology in the development of Heidegger's philosophy. The lectures present a special challenge to readers of Heidegger and theology alike. Experimenting with language and drawing upon a wide range of now obscure authors, Heidegger is finding his way to Being and Time through the labyrinth of his Catholic past and his increasing fascination with Protestant theology. A Companion to Heidegger's Phenomenology of Religious Life is written by an international team of Heidegger specialists.
PDF
