The paper in two parts constitutes the first attempt at providing a comprehensive and primary source-based discussion of the Apfaltrers’ medieval history. Throughout its nearly seven centuries-long ...existence, the family had an important bearing on the destiny of Slovenian territory and left an indelible mark on it. It had the closest affiliation with the former province of Carniola, whence it also spread to Styria very early on. Its modest beginnings in the ranks of the Spanheims’ ministerial nobility were followed by a gradual social ascendancy, which, from the fifteenth century onwards, enabled the Apfaltrers to form part of the Carniolan noble elite. In spite of not attaining the highest offices in the provincial princely administration during the Middle Ages, members of the family played an important role at local level. Even though the family’s genealogical composition is not entirely clear, it is possible to recognize the existence of two main lines at least from the mid-fourteenth century onwards. The first part of the paper deals with the beginnings of the family and the Roje family line.
Prispevek v dveh delih predstavlja prvi poskus celovite in na primarnih virih utemeljene obravnave zgodovine rodbine Apfaltrer v srednjem veku. V skoraj sedmih stoletjih obstoja je pomembno zaznamovala usodo slovenskega prostora in mu vtisnila trajni pečat. Najtesneje je povezana z nekdanjo deželo Kranjsko, od koder se je že zgodaj razširila tudi na Štajersko. Skromnim začetkom v vrstah spanheimskega ministerialnega plemstva je sledil postopen vzpon po družbeni lestvici, med kranjsko plemiško elito pa se je uvrščala od 15. stoletja. Pripadniki rodu v srednjem veku niso dosegli najvišjih položajev v deželnoknežji upravi, so pa odigrali pomembno vlogo na lokalni ravni. Čeprav genealoška podoba rodbine ni povsem jasna, lahko vsaj od srede 14. stoletja govorimo o obstoju dveh glavnih vej. Prvi del prispevka obravnava začetke rodu in rojsko rodbinsko linijo.
In 1716, Franc Jožef Vodnik, a burgher son from Krško and a travelling student, who was tried for banditry before the blood court at Šrajbarski Turn Castle near Krško together with his servant, gave ...descriptions of forty-three other, mostly young criminals with whom he had come into contact mainly in Vienna but also in Lower and Upper Austria. A quarter of them were students (eleven), including three who returned to the right path and became priests. A good quarter of the young men (twelve), including half of the travelling students (six), came from Slovenian territory (one from Styria and the rest from Carniola). Vodnik died of gangrene as a result of an attempted escape by jumping, and three of his accomplices from Carniola were sentenced to death the following year and executed in a group of ten criminals in the Lower Austrian town of Krems an der Donau.
Leta 1716 je Franc Jožef Vodnik, meščanski sin iz Krškega in potujoči študent, ki so mu pred krvnim sodiščem na gradu Šrajbarski turn pri Krškem skupaj z njegovim hlapcem sodili zaradi razbojništva, podal opise 43 drugih, v veliki večini mladih kriminalcev, s katerimi je prihajal v stik, in sicer predvsem na Dunaju ter v Spodnji in Zgornji Avstriji. Med njimi je bila četrtina študentov (11), vključno s tremi, ki so se vrnili na pravo pot in postali duhovniki. Dobra četrtina naznanjenih mladeničev (12), med katerimi naštejemo polovico potujočih študentov (6), je prihajala s slovenskega ozemlja (eden iz Štajerske, ostali iz Kranjske). Vodnik je umrl zaradi gangrene kot posledice poskusa pobega s skokom, trije njegovi pajdaši iz Kranjske pa so bili naslednje leto obsojeni na smrt in usmrčeni v skupini 10 zločincev v Kremsu v Spodnji Avstriji.
The answers that Alois Pürkher, the administrator and district commissioner of the Reichenburg estate, gave in 1821 to Archduke Johann’s survey paint a picture of life in the conscription district of ...Podsreda in the early nineteenth century. The portrayal highlights the district’s strong reliance on agrarian economy, the lack of infrastructure, industry, and crafts as well as the modest beginnings of establishing the state apparatus. The paper underscores the impact of the state apparatus, particularly by imposing levies on the subjects also through seizure of property.
Odgovori, ki jih je leta 1821 na anketo nadvojvode Janeza podal Alojz Pürkher, upravnik in okrajni komisar gospostva Rajhenburg, podajajo sliko življenja v nabornem okraju Podsreda v zgodnjem 19. stoletju. Prikazujejo močno navezanost okraja Podsreda na agrarno gospodarstvo, pomanjkanje infrastrukture, industrije in obrti ter skromne začetke vzpostavljanja državnega aparata in njegovega vpliva, zlasti z naložitvijo dajatev, ki jih je, tudi z rubežem najnujnejših predmetov, zahteval od podložnikov.
The contribution addresses the archaeological investigation of an unmarked prisoner of war’s grave from the First World War, discovered in the Mala Pišnica Valley, thus confirming oral testimonies ...about its existence. Based on testimonies and other sources, the location of the grave was identified, and the research results illustrate a significant integration of various types of sources and the crucial role of archaeology and physical anthropology in dealing with human remains from the First World War. The information acquired complements the knowledge about the victims of the First World War in the Vršič area, while simultaneously raising new questions about the potential existence of similar unmarked graves in the area between Kranjska Gora and Trenta.
Prispevek obravnava arheološko raziskavo neoznačenega groba vojnega ujetnika iz časa prve svetovne vojne, ki je bil odkrit v dolini Male Pišnice, s tem pa so bila potrjena pričevanja o obstoju groba. Na podlagi pričevanj in drugih virov je bila odkrita lokacija groba, rezultati raziskave pa prikazujejo združevanje različnih vrst virov in pomembno vlogo arheologije ter fizične antropologije pri obravnavi posmrtnih ostankov iz prve svetovne vojne. Pridobljene informacije tako dopolnjujejo vedenje o žrtvah prve svetovne vojne na območju Vršiča, obenem pa odpirajo nova vprašanja o morebitnem obstoju podobnih neoznačenih grobov na predelu med Kranjsko Goro in Trento.
Kazensko poboljševalni zavod/dom Ljubljana je bil ustanovljen leta 1946 in namenjen zlasti prestajanju kazni odvzema prostosti s prisilnim delom. Prostore je dobil na Miklošičevi cesti, v stavbi ...nekdanjega sodnega zapora. Poleg tega je imel več zunanjih delovišč, kamor je uprava obsojence pošiljala na prisilno delo. Njihovo število je v povojnih letih hitro naraščalo, fizično delo pa je bilo razumljeno kot eno glavnih sredstev prevzgoje. Obsojence so izkoriščali tudi kot poceni delovno silo pri projektih povojne obnove. Prispevek se posveča organizaciji zavoda, bivalnim razmeram obsojencev in različnim načinom za njihovo prevzgojo. Zavod je bil z letom 1954 ukinjen, obsojenci pa premeščeni v druge ustanove za prestajanje kazni.
The paper deals with roads and trails that used to lead to Bela Krajina and Žumberak across the Gorjanci Ridge. Seven main routes have been identified that were sometimes more and sometimes less ...frequented, depending on the time and political circumstances. In all periods, however, the most important link between the regions of Dolenjska and Bela Krajina was the communication through the Vahta Pass, which gradually changed from a prehistoric path to a road. It was only in the 1880s that it underwent a thorough reconstruction, during which the most dangerous gradients were smoothed out with a series of hairpin bends.
Članek obravnava ceste in poti, ki so vodile v Belo krajino in Žumberk čez sleme Gorjancev. Ugotovljenih je bilo sedem glavnih smeri, ki so bile glede na čas in politične razmere enkrat bolj in drugič manj frekventne. Prav v vseh obdobjih pa je bila najpomembnejša povezava med Dolenjsko in Belo krajino smer preko prelaza Vahta, ki se je iz prazgodovinske tovorne poti postopoma spremenila v vozno. Resnejšo rekonstrukcijo je doživela šele v osemdesetih letih 19. stoletja, ko so s številnimi serpentinami ublažili najnevarnejše klance.
2023 marked the 100th anniversary of formal nursing education in Slovenia. In 1923, the School of Nursing was established under the Institute for the Social and Hygiene Protection of Children in ...Ljubljana, laying the foundation of continuous education to the forerunners of modern nurses. As one of the four nursing schools in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, provided professional education to workers in the then nursing care. The paper presents the first school of nursing in Slovenia and its successors and follows the development of these schools or, rather, education programmes.
Leta 2023 je formalno šolanje za poklic medicinske sestre v Sloveniji praznovalo stoletnico. Leta 1923 je bila namreč ustanovljena Šola za sestre pri Zavodu za socialno-higiensko zaščito dece v Ljubljani, s čimer se je pričelo neprekinjeno izobraževanje predhodnic današnjih medicinskih sester. Šola je bila ena od štirih sestrskih šol v Kraljevini Jugoslaviji in je skrbela za strokovno izobraževanje kadra, ki je deloval v takratni zdravstveni negi. Članek govori o prvi sestrski šoli v Sloveniji in njenih naslednicah, ki so se razvile iz nje, ter spremlja razvoj teh šol oziroma programov.
The paper discusses the events of the epidemic years 1724 and 1725 in White Carniola, the southeasternmost region of the Duchy of Carniola and present-day Slovenia. By establishing a system of border ...military guards against the neighbouring Croatia, this region, and with it Carniola, in 1724 successfully warded off the plague that had appeared in northwestern Bosnia in the Ottoman Empire. The guards were more effective being supplied by the regular imperial army. At the end of that year and the beginning of the following one, several infectious diseases affected the population of White Carniola simultaneously, causing high mortality. A comprehensive medical report on the spread, prevention, and treatment of the diseases has been preserved, the earliest of its kind known to us. It is a first-class source on the health and hygienic conditions in the region that is also revealing from the cultural and historical points of view.
Prispevek obravnava dogajanje v epidemičnih letih 1724 in 1725 v Beli krajini, skrajni jugovzhodni pokrajini vojvodine Kranjske in današnje Slovenije. Z vzpostavitvijo sistema obmejnih vojaških straž proti sosednji Hrvaški se je pokrajina in z njo Kranjska leta 1724 uspešno obranila pred kugo, ki se je pojavila na severozahodu Bosne v osmanski državi. Straže so bile učinkovitejše, ker jih je oskrbovala redna cesarska vojska. Konec istega in v začetku naslednjega leta je prebivalce Bele krajine sočasno prizadelo več nalezljivih bolezni, ki so povzročile visoko umrljivost. O širjenju, preprečevanju in zdravljenju bolezni se je ohranilo izčrpno zdravniško poročilo, kakršnega za čas pred tem ne poznamo. Gre za prvovrsten vir o zdravstvenih in higienskih razmerah v pokrajini, zgovoren tudi v kulturnozgodovinskem pogledu.
