The article reports on a pilot study designed to support a longitudinal study of the development of note-taking competence among second year master’s degree students in an interpreting training ...programme. The research reported in this article analysed note-taking units, while semi-structured interviews were also conducted with six interpreting students in order to determine the language and frequency of the different types of note-taking units they used. The results show that the students used a mixture of the source and target languages in their notes, they have predominantly used full words and that they were aware that there was still room for development in their note-taking techniques. The pilot study produced results that will be used to optimize further research: it was established that all participants should interpret the same text, that the experiment should be conducted outside of classroom interpreting sessions, that no feedback should be given to the students prior to the interviews, that the students’ interpretation should be audio-recorded, and that the category “full words” should be split into further subcategories.
V prispevku je predstavljeno poročilo o pilotni študiji, ki je bila zasnovana kot podpora longitudinalni študiji razvoja kompetence zapisovanja pri magistrskih študentih drugega letnika študija tolmačenja. Raziskava se je osredotočila na analizo enot zapisovanja; poleg tega so bili narejeni intervjuji s šestimi študenti tolmačenja, da bi identificirali jezik in pogostost različnih vrst enot zapisovanja pri študentih. Rezultati so pokazali, da študentje v zapiskih uporabljajo mešanico izhodiščnega in ciljnega jezika, da večinoma uporabljajo cele besede in da se zavedajo, da bi lahko svojo tehniko zapisovanja še izboljšali. Pilotna študija je dala rezultate, s katerimi bo mogoče optimizirati nadaljnje raziskave: pokazalo se je, da bi morali sodelujoči tolmačiti isto besedilo, da bi bilo treba eksperiment izvesti izven učnega okolja tolmaške učilnice, da študentom ne bi smeli dati povratnih informacij pred intervjujem, da bi bilo treba študentska tolmačenja posneti v obliki tonskega zapisa in da bi bilo treba kategorijo »cele besede« dodatno razčleniti v podkategorije.
This article presents a select survey of the rendering of personal names in translation into English from European languages with different scripts from the turn of the twentieth century to the early ...twenty-first century. Works of prose fiction were chosen from Czech and Icelandic, which use characters that are not part of the English alphabet. Their original publication dates are from the middle of the nineteenth to the late twentieth century, with translations trailing by years or even decades. The authors of the original works were very well known and in some cases Nobel Prize laureates. This gives assurance that their works attracted good translators and, in some cases, multiple translators. The hypothesis was that over the course of more than a century, there has been a growing tendency to respect the original spellings of personal names in translations – that is, to employ the source language’s script, even when the literary works belong to relatively peripheral European cultures. The explanations for this include increased cultural contacts, the expansion of what has traditionally been called world literature, and internet resources.
V prispevku je predstavljen izbrani pregled prevajanja osebnih imen v angleščino iz evropskih jezikov z različnimi pisavami od preloma dvajsetega do začetka enaindvajsetega stoletja. Izbrana so bila prozna dela v češčini in islandščini, ki uporabljata črke, ki niso del angleške abecede. Dela so bila izvirno objavljena od sredine devetnajstega do konca dvajsetega stoletja, prevodi pa so zaostali nekaj let ali celo desetletij. Avtorji izvirnih del so bili zelo znani in v nekaterih primerih tudi Nobelovi nagrajenci, kar zagotavlja, da so njihova dela pritegnila dobre prevajalce in v nekaterih primerih tudi več prevajalcev. Hipoteza je bila, da je bila skozi več kot sto let vse bolj prisotna težnja po spoštovanju izvirne pisave osebnih imen v prevodih – kar pomeni, da se uporablja pisava izvirnega jezika, tudi če literarna dela pripadajo razmeroma perifernim evropskim kulturam. Razlogi za to so med drugim okrepljeni kulturni stiki, širjenje tako imenovane svetovne književnosti in spletni viri.
Paraprofessional interlingual translation is a common and everyday task of contemporary white-collar workers. The aim of this article is to investigate whether the workers practising paraprofessional ...translation in their business environment are aware of the competences that they need for these translation and interpreting tasks, and how they describe and perceive these competences. In order to find the answers to these questions, six employees of a Finnish sports equipment company working in a multilingual business environment were interviewed. As the interviewed employees were not professional translators, the data were analysed using Byram’s (2021) Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) model, which made it possible to describe not just translational, but also other aspects of their intercultural communicative competence. The results showed that the employees’ perceptions reveal a receptive attitude towards otherness as well as experiential knowledge gained through living abroad. Their multilingual professional contexts pose challenges that prompt them to solve problems through empathic reflection. And finally, the research also suggests that, in general, the employees were not aware that they have translational and intercultural competences despite the fact that these prove to be very valuable, in both professional and personal contexts.
Paraprofesionalno medjezikovno prevajanje je pogosto vsakodnevno opravilo v sodobnem poslovnem okolju. Namen članka je raziskati, ali se delavci, ki se ukvarjajo s paraprofesionalnim prevajanjem v poslovnem okolju, zavedajo kompetenc, ki jih potrebujejo za to, da se lotijo paraprofesionalnih prevodnih in tolmaških nalog, ter kako te kompetence opisujejo in jih doživljajo. Odgovore na omenjena vprašanja podajajo intervjuji, opravljeni s šestimi uslužbenci finskega podjetja za športno opremo, ki delujejo v večjezičnem poslovnem okolju. Ker intervjuvani uslužbenci niso bili poklicni prevajalci, so bili pridobljeni podatki analizirani z uporabo Byramovega (2021) modela medkulturne komunikacijske kompetence (Intercultural Communicative Competence oziroma ICC), ki je omogočil opis ne le prevodnih, temveč tudi drugih vidikov medkulturne komunikacijske kompetence. Rezultati so pokazali, da uslužbenci v svojih opisih sprejemajo drugost, hkrati pa imajo tudi izkustveno znanje, ki so ga pridobili z bivanjem v tujini. Večjezično poslovno okolje prinaša izzive, ki uslužbence spodbujajo k reševanju problemov z empatično refleksijo. Iz raziskave je prav tako mogoče sklepati, da se uslužbenci svojih prevodnih in medkulturnih kompetenc ne zavedajo, čeprav se te izkazujejo za zelo dragocene, tako s poklicnega kot tudi s človeškega vidika.
Using a semiotically-informed material approach to the study of translation, this paper analyses an artificial intelligence (AI) system developed for automatic audio captioning (AAC), which is the ...automated production of written descriptions for non-lingual environmental sounds. Comparing human and AI text production processes against a semiotic framework suggests that AI uses computational methods to reach textual outcomes which humans arrive at through semiotic means. Our analysis of sound description examples produced by an AAC system makes it apparent that this distinction is useful in articulating the complex relationship between human and AI translation processes. Acknowledging the central role of semiotic meaning-construction in human text production and its arguable absence in AI computational processes allows for AI processes to be discussed under a translational framework, while still recognizing their fundamental differences from comparable human translation processes. Further, audio captioning provides a clear example of a translation task where non-lingual content must be considered on equal terms with lingual text, and our discussions illustrate how this can be achieved in computational and semiotic processes alike. Overall, this paper promotes a nuanced understanding of meaning in text production and suggests multiple fruitful points of convergence and divergence between translation theory and AI research.
V prispevku je s stališča semiotične materialne smeri v prevodoslovju predstavljena analiza sistema umetne inteligence (UI), ki je bil razvit za pripravo avtomatskih avdiopodnapisov (automatic audio captioning oziroma AAC), tj. avtomatsko tvorjenih pisnih opisov nejezikovnih zvokov okolja. Na podlagi semiotične primerjave človeškega in umetnointeligenčnega procesa tvorjenja besedila je mogoče sklepati, da UI uporablja računalniške metode za dosego besedilnega cilja, medtem ko človek besedilni cilj doseže s pomočjo semiotičnih sredstev. Analiza opisov zvokov, ki jih tvori sistem AAC, pokaže, da je to razlikovanje koristno, če želimo ubesediti kompleksni odnos med človeškim in umetnointeligenčnim procesom prevajanja. Hkrati predstavlja avdiopodnaslavljanje očiten primer prevodne naloge, pri kateri je treba nejezikovno vsebino obravnavati na enak način kot jezikovno besedilo. Razprava pokaže, kako je mogoče to doseči tako v računalniškem kot v semiotičnem procesu. V prispevku je poudarjen pomen podrobnega razumevanja pomena pri tvorjenju besedila, hkrati pa je izpostavljenih več plodnih področji, kjer se teorija prevajanja in raziskovanje UI stikata in razhajata.
The paper explores the occurrence of code-switching as a form of translatoriality among members of the Italian national minority in Slovenia. As a continuation of a wider sociolinguistic study, which ...brought a comprehensive analysis of 1,389 instances of code switching between Italian and Slovene among bilingual speakers, the paper examines the intersection between code switching and self-translatoriality by studying 85 instances of bilingual reiteration in spontaneous and semi-spontaneous speech. By observing these instances from the perspective of translatoriality, the paper presents a case study on the translatorial actions that occur in such bilingual utterances, i.e. summarizing, duplicating, expanding and complementary language practices, as well as their underlying motivation and purpose, while also highlighting the practice of intercomprehension among bilingual speakers within the culturally and linguistically diverse community of the Slovene coast. The data show that self-translatoriality occurs both in in-group and out-group bilingual communication, although more frequently in the context of public events aimed at the broader multilingual community. While duplicating language practices occur in all settings, speakers often only repeat the nearest element, which leads to a fragmentation of the message. Translatorial action types are also frequently combined, producing fluid bilingual utterances that presuppose a plurilingual competence among all participants. Acknowledgement The author acknowledges the financial support from the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (research core funding No. P6-0446).
Prispevek obravnava kodno preklapljanje kot obliko prevajalskosti med pripadniki italijanske narodne skupnosti v Sloveniji. Izhajajoč iz obsežnejše sociolingvistične obravnave 1389 zgledov kodnega preklapljanja med italijanščino in slovenščino pri dvojezičnih govorcih, prispevek proučuje presečišče med kodnim preklapljanjem in samotolmačenjem. Analiza 85 zgledov dvojezičnega ponavljanja v spontanem in delno pripravljenem govoru z vidika prevajalskosti prinaša pregled prevodnih dejanj, tj. povzemanje, podvajanje, razširjanje in dopolnjevanje sporočila, do katerih prihaja v obravnavanih dvojezičnih izjavah, ter razkriva temeljne razloge zanje. Prispevek obenem osvetljuje pomen medjezikovnega razumevanja med dvojezičnimi govorci v večjezični skupnosti v slovenski Istri. Čeprav do samotolmačenja prihaja tako pri dvojezičnem sporazumevanju znotraj manjšinske skupnosti kot tudi s pripadniki večinske skupnosti, je veliko pogostejše v okviru javnih dogodkov, namenjenih širši večjezični skupnosti. Podvajanje sporočila se sicer pojavlja v vseh položajih, vendar govorci pogosto ponavljajo le najbližje elemente, zaradi česar prihaja do fragmentacije sporočila. Prevodna dejanja se v dvojezičnem govoru pogosto tudi prepletajo, kar se izraža v tekočih dvojezičnih izjavah, iz katerih je razvidno, da se govorci zanašajo zlasti na večjezično zmožnost vseh udeležencev. Raziskovalni program št. P6-0446 je sofinancirala Javna agencija za raziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije iz državnega proračuna.
Paratexts in Translation is dedicated to translation aspects relating to the concept of the paratext, which has been in vogue in translation studies over the last two decades. The term paratext was ...applied by the late French literary theorist Gérard Genette (1930‒2018) to refer to “those liminal devices and conventions, both within and outside the book, that form part of the complex mediation between book, author, publisher and reader: titles, forewords, epigraphs and publishers’ jacket copy are part of a book’s private and public history”. Since then, the definition of the paratext has been both expanded to include reviews and literary criticism as well as refined into the subdivisions of peritexts (i.e., material in same volume as the text, such as prefaces and footnotes), epitexts (i.e., elements outside the book, such as interviews with the author), metatexts (i.e., critical commentary), and extratexts (i.e., texts that can influence how a translation is produced or received).
Paratexts in Translation is dedicated to translation aspects relating to the concept of the paratext, which has been in vogue in translation studies over the last two decades. The term paratext was applied by the late French literary theorist Gérard Genette (1930‒2018) to refer to “those liminal devices and conventions, both within and outside the book, that form part of the complex mediation between book, author, publisher and reader: titles, forewords, epigraphs and publishers’ jacket copy are part of a book’s private and public history”. Since then, the definition of the paratext has been both expanded to include reviews and literary criticism as well as refined into the subdivisions of peritexts (i.e., material in same volume as the text, such as prefaces and footnotes), epitexts (i.e., elements outside the book, such as interviews with the author), metatexts (i.e., critical commentary), and extratexts (i.e., texts that can influence how a translation is produced or received).
Passing through the filter Maskaliūnienė, Nijolė; Juršėnaitė, Gintarė
Stridon,
11/2023, Letnik:
3, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article presents the translations of Spanish and Latin American authors into Lithuanian during the 50 years of Soviet occupation (1940–1990). The purpose of this research is to explore the ...legacy of these translations within the context of preventive censorship practiced in the Soviet Union. Preventive censorship involves selectively filtering books and authors for inclusion or exclusion from publication due to ideological or political considerations (cf. Leonardi 2008). The article addresses three main questions: (1) What was the volume of Spanish-language literature in the overall corpus of translations in Soviet Lithuania? (2) Which Spanish-language authors were accessible to Lithuanian readers during the period under consideration? And (3) What factors might have influenced their selection for publication in Lithuanian translation? An attempt is made to describe the corpus of translations from Spanish into Lithuanian, with a particular focus on the selection criteria to be met for inclusion of these literary works in the Soviet canon of foreign literature.
The article analyses the textual changes that occur in the process of staging a performance based on a translated text. Drawing on Morini’s four types of theatre translation, namely the interlingual, ...intralingual, intersemiotic, and intrasemiotic aspects of theatre translation (emerging from Jakobson’s classification of translation), the article focuses on the differences between the translated text and the text spoken on the stage through the analysis of the Slovene performance of Sad Songs from the Heart of Europe by the Finnish author Kristian Smeds, translated into Slovene by Julija Potrč Šavli. The play, directed by the Finnish theatre director Jari Juutinen, was performed at the Slovene theatre Slovensko ljudsko gledališče Celje by the Slovene actress Maša Grošelj. As the author of the article participated in staging this play as a language consultant, the article provides an insight into the process, and reveals why and how the changes to the text occurred. As the analyses of the written and staged texts show, the majority of the textual changes were introduced by various agents involved in the production of the play, while some were also due to the multimodal interactions between different theatre modes (speech, scenography, sound, light, props, etc.).
This article presents an overview of contemporary bibliomigrancy patterns of translated fiction from the province of Quebec to Sweden, between 2000 and 2020. Quebec and Sweden offer an interesting ...comparison, since French is considered a central language but the province of Quebec occupies a peripheral position in comparison with its Anglophone neighbours, whereas Swedish is considered a semi-peripheral language but Sweden occupies a central position in the Scandinavian subsystem. Drawing on theories on bibliomigrancy and polysystem, the article investigates 26 titles from the point of view of external translation history, focusing on the following questions: What was translated? When was it translated? Where was it translated? Who translated it? Why was it translated? The analysis shows that different genres, notably novels, picture books, and graphic novels, have been translated into Swedish during the investigated time frame, with different patterns regarding factors such as publication interval, translators, and translation subsidies. The increasing tendency of Quebecois titles appearing in Swedish follows the increasing trend of French as a source language in Sweden’s literary market, in contrast to the more even pace of translated literature into Swedish more generally. The results further suggest that a region’s language may have a more significant influence than its geopolitical position in the international market of translations.
In 2009, Argentina’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship launched Programa Sur (PROSUR), a translation subsidy programme, in order to promote Argentinian literature abroad. ...Since the interest in Argentinian women’s writing is increasing transnationally, this article aims to consider the extent to which PROSUR supports and contributes to transnational bibliodiversity, more specifically to the presence of women’s writing and gender equality in the literary sector. By analysing the discourse used by PROSUR, both online and in a personal interview, and by analysing the data on which publishing houses received grants for which authors, as well as works between 2010 and 2022, this article finds that PROSUR supports specific agents in the field that work to increase bibliodiversity, like independent publishers. Still, men’s writing receives proportionally more grants than women’s writing, although this gap has become smaller over the years, with women’s writing surpassing men’s in 2022. Moreover, the data also shows that a large number of applications are made for a small number of women who already had some visibility through national and international prizes, English translations, or film adaptations.
