Retomando a descrição dos mitos de Cila e Caribidis − dois monstros da mitologia que teriam habitado os lados opostos do estreito de Messina, indicando os perigos da navegação perto de rochas e ...redemoinhos −, este artigo problematiza a sua evocação na obra freudiana. De fato, Freud menciona os lendários monstros em apenas três momentos de sua obra, citando somente seus nomes; a escassez de referências e informações não nos impede, entretanto, de constatar um enigma interpretativo lançado pelo criador da psicanálise. Como veremos, Freud se aproveita implicitamente de dois elementos do mito, os perigos e a navegação, para refletir sobre limites psíquicos que dimensionam a ação educacional.
Between the books IX-XII of the
Odyssey, Odysseus becomes a first-person
narrator and tells the Phaeacians about his
misfortunes upon his return to Ithaca. Among
the obstacles he founds on the way, ...in four
different contexts he runs the risk of being
devoured and some of his companions are
indeed devoured. According to Most (1989), the
Cyclops Polyphemus (IX, 105-566), the
Laestrygonians (X, 80-134), Scylla (XII,
73-141, XII, 220-263) and Charybdis (XII,
101-110; 234-244, XII, 429-444) create a
pattern of bad hospitality. Considering the
similar function that these episodes have in the
internal economy of Odysseus’ narrative, this
article intends to analyse the singularities of
each one of them and their effects in the
composition of the hero’s kleos, in which the
proper use of dolos is an important element.
Entre os cantos IX e XII da Odisseia de Homero, Odisseu torna-se um narrador em primeira pessoa e conta aos feácios suas desventuras no seu retorno à Ítaca. Dentre todos os empecilhos que encontra no caminho, em quatro situações ele corre o risco de ser devorado e alguns de seus companheiros são, de fato, devorados; podemos supor que o Ciclope Polifemo (canto IX.105-566), os Lestrigões (canto X.80-134), Cila (canto XII.73- 141; XII.220-263) e Caríbdis (canto XII.101-110; XII. 234-244; XII. 429-444) formam um padrão de má hospitalidade. Atentando para a função semelhante que possuem esses episódios na economia interna da narrativa de Odisseu, buscou-se analisar as singularidades de cada um deles e seus efeitos na constituição do kléos do herói, no qual o uso apropriado do dolo é elemento importante.
The 1977 creation of the Cienega de Santa Clara, an 18,000ha wetland (6500ha cattail marsh with 11,500ha of open water lagoons and mudflats) in Sonora, Mexico, was the unintended consequence of the ...solution to reduce the salinity of the U.S. water deliveries to Mexico. Under the 1944 Water Treaty, the U.S. was obliged to deliver water to Mexico. But the water that was delivered from the U.S. harmed crops in Mexico because it included brackish agricultural runoff from fields in the Lower Colorado River basin. In 1972, Minute 242 to the Treaty called for a reduction in the salinity of U.S. deliveries. As a result, the U.S. diverted the agricultural runoff to a desiccated Colorado Delta floodplain in Sonora, Mexico, inadvertently creating the Cienega de Santa Clara, a wetland that now provides habitat for protected species (Desert Pupfish and the Yuma Clapper Rail), and wintering grounds for more than 200,000 migratory waterbirds. In June 1993, the wetland became part of Mexico's Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve. The Yuma Desalting Plant, completed in 1992, was constructed by the U.S. to desalinate the agricultural runoff that flows to the Cienega. The high cost of operation and abundant Colorado River flow have kept the plant idle. However, the past decade of drought in the Colorado Basin has now made the agricultural runoff a valuable resource to meet growing U.S. water demands, but operating the plant could risk damage to the Cienega wetlands. In response, a binational collaboration of government agencies, environmental groups and university scientists began working together to protect and study this wetland. Replacement flows and environmental monitoring during the 2010–2011 trial run of the Yuma Desalting Plant are prompting a shift from passive to active management of this binational ecosystem. The purpose of this paper is to identify management practices that could help maximize the ecological benefits of water flows. The suggested management practices are based on historical variations in quantity, timing and quality of inflows, occasional dredgings and wildfires. The most important management recommendation is a formal allocation of water of adequate volume and quality. The agreement reached in 2010s Minute 316 to the Treaty is a precedent for successful efforts to protect shared ecosystems along the U.S.–Mexico border.
El inicio en 1977 del desarrollo de la Cienega de Santa Clara, un humedal de 18,000hectáreas (6500 hectáreas de marisma de tular y 11,500 hectáreas de lagunas y planicies lodosas) fue la consecuencia no intencional de la solución al problema de salinidad de las descargas de agua agrícola en la Cuenca Baja del Río Colorado. Desde el Tratado de 1944, los Estados Unidos de América están obligados a entregar agua a México. Sin embargo, el agua que entregaba Estados Unidos tenía concentraciones de sal superiores a las del Río Colorado porque le añadían agua de retorno de campos agrícolas localizados en la Cuenca Baja del Río Colorado. En 1972, el Acta 242 del Tratado de 1944 determina una reducción a la salinidad en el agua entregada por Estados Unidos. Esto implicó la redirección de flujos de drenaje agrícola estadounidenses hacia la planicie de inundación del Delta del Río Colorado en México, creando inadvertidamente la Cienega de Santa Clara, un humedal que ahora es hábitat de especies protegidas (el pez Cachorrito del Desierto y el Palmoteador de Yuma) y es sitio de descanso invernal para más de 200,000 aves acuáticas migratorias. En junio de 1993, la Cienega de Santa Clara se convirtió en zona núcleo de la Reserva de la Biósfera del Alto Golfo de California y Delta del Río Colorado. La Planta Desaladora de Yuma, terminada en 1992, fue construida por los Estados Unidos para desalar el agua de drenaje agrícola que se envía a la Cienega. Los altos costos de operación y los volúmenes abundantes en el Río Colorado han prevenido la operación de la planta. Sin embargo, la década de sequía registrada en la Cuenca del Río Colorado ha vuelto el agua de drenaje agrícola un recurso valioso, sujeto a desalarse para satisfacer la creciente demanda de agua en Estados Unidos, pero con el consecuente riesgo de desecar la Cienega. Como respuesta a esto, una colaboración binacional entre agencias gubernamentales, grupos ambientales y científicos de universidades empezaron a trabajar conjuntamente para proteger y estudiar este humedal. Los flujos de reemplazo y el monitoreo ambiental durante la prueba piloto de la Planta Desaladora de Yuma en 2010–2011 propician un cambio de un manejo pasivo de este ecosistema compartido a uno activo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar prácticas de manejo alternativas que maximicen los beneficios ecológicos de los flujos de agua. Las prácticas de manejo sugeridas tienen como base las variaciones históricas en cantidad, estacionalidad y calidad de sus fuentes de agua, dragados ocasionales e incendios. La recomendación de manejo más importante es un volumen garantizado en cantidad y calidad. El acuerdo logrado en el 2010 en la Minuta 316 al Tratado sentó el precedente de acciones exitosas para proteger ecosistemas compartidos a lo largo de la frontera de Estados Unidos y México.
Bu çalışmanın amacı; nano-dolduruculu bir kompozit Filtek Supreme XT , bir nano-seramik kompozit CeramX ve bir nano-hibrit kompozitin Grandio yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine iki farklı bitirme frezi ve iki ...farklı cila sisteminin etkisini araştırmaktır. Her kompozit rezin için paslanmaz çelik kalıplar kullanılarak disk şeklinde 5 mm çap-2 mm kalınlık 35 örnek hazırlandı. Örnekler bitirme ve cila prosedürlerine göre rastgele gruplara ayrıldı. Grup 1: Şeffaf bant control , Grup 2: Elmas bitirme frezleri, Grup 3: Elmas bitirme frezleri +Optidisc, Grup 4: Elmas bitirme frezleri +HiLuster, Grup 5: Tungsten karbit frez, Grup 6: Tungsten karbit frez +Optidisc, Grup 7: Tungsten karbit frez +Hi-Luster. Tüm örneklerin ortalama yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri Ra profilometre ile ölçüldü. Bulguların istatistiksel değerlendirmeleri P
Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı cila sistemleri kullanarak iki farklı doldurucu türüne sahip kompozit rezin materyalin yüzey pürüzlülük özelliklerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla iki farklı nanokompozit ...Grandio, VOCO ve Filtek SupremeUltra Enamel, 3M/ESPE ve üç farklı cila sistemi kullanılmıştır. Her bir kompozit materyalden 40’ar adet örnek hazırlanmıştır N=80 . Tüm örnekler pleksicam kalıplarda hazırlanmış ve polyester bant kullanılarak polimerize edilmiştir. Örnekler farklı cila işlemleri uygulanmak üzere 4 alt gruba ayrılmıştır n=10 . Kontrol grubu Grup K haricindeki diğer gruplara, önce karpit frez ile bitirme işlemi uygulanmış, sonrasında şu cila sistemleri uygulanmıştır: Soft-Lex XT Grup SL , PoGo Grup PG , Astropol Grup AS .Örnekler; yüzey pürüzlülüğündeki değişimlerin değerlendirilebilmesi için optik profilometre kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Örneklerin ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğü Ra verilerinin istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmesinde çift yönlü varyans analizi, ortalamaların çoklu karşılaştırılmasında ise Tukey HSD testi kullanılmıştır p=0,05 . İki kompozit rezin grubu değerlendirildiğinde en düşük Ra değeri Filtek Supreme XT Enamel grubununda izlenmektedir. Grandio grubunun Ra değeri daha yüksektir ve bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır p
Abstract
Trucks and aircraft typically transport rare or endangered fishes in large unsealed tanks containing large volumes of water (typically hundreds of liters) during conservation efforts. ...However, to reduce weight and overall shipping costs, fish breeders commonly send ornamental fishes by mail in small sealed plastic bags filled with oxygen, minimal water, and a small amount of sedative. Our goal was to evaluate if we could also use these “minimal-water” methods used for shipping ornamental fishes to safely transport endangered Humpback Chub Gila cypha into remote locations within Grand Canyon on foot to eliminate helicopter transportation costs associated with conservation actions. In the laboratory, we placed 20 (mean = 193.9 g of fish/L, SD = 37.8) juvenile Bonytail Gila elegans or Humpback Chub in plastic bags containing 1 L of water and pure oxygen for 4, 8, and 12 h. Treatments contained either no sedative or one of three sedatives—AquaCalm (metomidate hydrochloride), Tricaine-S (tricaine methanesulfonate or MS-222), or Aqui-S 20E (eugenol)—to evaluate the effectiveness of minimal-water methods for use in fish transport. Aqui-S 20E and the control without sedatives exhibited the highest survival (logistic regression, Aqui-S 20E, p = 0.994, 95% CI 0.978, 0.998; control, p = 0.995, 95% CI 0.981, 0.998), followed by Tricaine-S (p = 0.933, 95% CI 0.902, 0.955) and AquaCalm (p = 0.355, 95% CI 0.307, 0.406). We also conducted a field trial in which we placed 240 juvenile Humpback Chub in shipping bags (n = 20 fish/bag/L of water; mean = 143.2 g of fish/L, SD = 9.72) with no sedative or 10.0 mg/L of Aqui-S 20E and transported them by vehicle and on foot. No fish perished during transport, indicating fisheries personnel can use these minimal-water methods to safely, and at little expense, transport endangered Humpback Chub into remote locations.
Siloran bazlı kompozit rezinler, restorasyonlarda karşılaşılan ana problemlerden biri olanpolimerizasyon büzülmesini önlemek amacı ilegeliştirilmişlerdir. Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacıbitirme ve cila ...işlemlerinin siloran bazlı bir kompozit rezinin yüzey sertliği üzerine etkisinindeğerlendirilmesidir.Çalışmada kullanılan siloran bazlı kompozitrezin materyalinden Filtek Silorane; 3M ESPE,USA teflon kalıplar yardımı ile 2mm kalınlığında,5mm çapında bant karşısında 24 adet örnekhazırlandı, örnekler 24 saat distile suda bekletildikten sonra 3 gruba ayrıldı n=8 . Grup 1’deki örneklere herhangi bir bitirme ve cila işlemi uygulanmayıp, Grup 2’deki örneklere cila diskleri ile cila,Grup 3’deki örneklere ise tungsten karbid frezler ilebitirme işlemi uygulandı. Tüm gruplardaki örneklerin üst yüzeylerinden Vickers sertlik cihazıyardımı ile 100 gram yük ve 15 s yükleme süresialtında yüzey sertlik ölçümleri alındı. Elde edilensertlik değerleri istatistiksel olarak Kruskal-Wallistesti ve Mann-Whitney U testi ile değerlendirildi.Bu çalışmanın sonuçları bitirme ve cila işlemlerinin siloran bazlı kompozit rezinin yüzeysertliğini etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur p
Biopsy specimens were obtained from the distal end of the Fallopian tubes of 62 women with tubal infertility and examined by light and electron microscopy. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) measurements ...were obtained using laser light spectroscopy. Neither demographic nor behavioural characteristics nor serological evidence of past chlamydial infection were associated with CBF measurements. In contrast, CBF were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in tissues with oedema compared to tissues without oedema (6.7 versus 12.9) and in tissues with erythema compared to tissues without erythema (9.2 versus 13.7). Furthermore, CBF measurements did vary by chlamydial serotype pattern, with lower values observed among the tissues of women with antibodies to serotype C or E (without D) as compared to the tissues of women with other serotypes (P < 0.04). However, these data must be interpreted with caution as the numbers of subjects with chlamydial antibodies to serotype C (n = 3) or E without D (n = 5) were few in number and serotyping of IgG antibodies in blood is not as accurate as it is in bacterial isolates. Confirmation of the suggested association between chlamydial serotype and risk of adverse sequelae could indicate potential new avenues for vaccine research.
Provider: - Institution: Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Mündlicher Bericht, aufgenommen im Rahmen des Programms für mündliche Geschichte im Zentrum "Grodzka Gate ...- NN Theatre" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Er drückt lediglich die subjektiven Erinnerungen und Ansichten eines Zeitzeugen aus, die nicht mit dem offiziellen Standpunkt des Zentrums gleichgesetzt werden können.- Oral account recorded as part of the Oral History Program implemented at the Grodzka Gate - NN Theater Center (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). It expresses only the subjective memories and views of a witness to history, which cannot be equated with the official position of the Center.- Racconto orale registrato nell'ambito del programma di storia orale realizzato presso il Centro "Grodzka Gate - NN Theatre" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Esprime solo i ricordi e i punti di vista soggettivi di un testimone della storia, che non possono essere equiparati alla posizione ufficiale del Centro.- Récit oral enregistré dans le cadre du programme d'histoire orale réalisé au centre "Grodzka Gate - NN Theatre" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Il n'exprime que les souvenirs et les points de vue subjectifs d'un témoin de l'histoire, qui ne peuvent être assimilés à la position officielle du Centre.- Relato oral grabado en el marco del Programa de Historia Oral llevado a cabo en el Centro "Grodzka Gate - Teatro NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Sólo expresa los recuerdos y puntos de vista subjetivos de un testigo de la historia, que no pueden equipararse a la posición oficial del Centro.- Relacja mówiona zarejestrowana w ramach Programu Historia Mówiona realizowanego w Ośrodku "Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Wyraża ona wyłącznie subiektywne wspomnienia i poglądy świadka historii, które nie mogą być utożsamiane z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ośrodka.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Mündlicher Bericht, aufgenommen im Rahmen des Programms für mündliche Geschichte im Zentrum "Grodzka Gate ...- NN Theatre" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Er drückt lediglich die subjektiven Erinnerungen und Ansichten eines Zeitzeugen aus, die nicht mit dem offiziellen Standpunkt des Zentrums gleichgesetzt werden können.- Oral account recorded as part of the Oral History Program implemented at the Grodzka Gate - NN Theater Center (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). It expresses only the subjective memories and views of a witness to history, which cannot be equated with the official position of the Center.- Racconto orale registrato nell'ambito del programma di storia orale realizzato presso il Centro "Grodzka Gate - NN Theatre" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Esprime solo i ricordi e i punti di vista soggettivi di un testimone della storia, che non possono essere equiparati alla posizione ufficiale del Centro.- Récit oral enregistré dans le cadre du programme d'histoire orale réalisé au centre "Grodzka Gate - NN Theatre" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Il n'exprime que les souvenirs et les points de vue subjectifs d'un témoin de l'histoire, qui ne peuvent être assimilés à la position officielle du Centre.- Relato oral grabado en el marco del Programa de Historia Oral llevado a cabo en el Centro "Grodzka Gate - Teatro NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Sólo expresa los recuerdos y puntos de vista subjetivos de un testigo de la historia, que no pueden equipararse a la posición oficial del Centro.- Relacja mówiona zarejestrowana w ramach Programu Historia Mówiona realizowanego w Ośrodku "Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Wyraża ona wyłącznie subiektywne wspomnienia i poglądy świadka historii, które nie mogą być utożsamiane z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ośrodka.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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