O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a fragmentação do sujeito negro no contexto atual sob o viés da Teoria Pós-Colonial. Para tanto, escolhemos os contos “Incidente na raiz” e “Boneca”, do ...escritor Cuti. Nesses contos, observamos as personagens protago-nistas a fim de verificar quais foram as heranças que o passado colonizador deixou nelas. Chegamos à conclusão de que a questão psicológica, que é justamente umas dessas heranças do período da escravidão, ainda é bastante atual e, por meio da literatura pós-colonial, essas questões são evidenciadas e discutidas para que possam, assim, ser superadas. Para tanto, em nossa análise, utilizaremos os estudos de Bonnici (2012), Fanon (2008) e Hall (2006) sobre as teorias de pós-colonialismo e identidade.
Dalam sebuah instansi/perusahaan agar dapat berjalan dengan baik dan dapat memberikan pelayanan yang prima, kesejahteraan karyawan juga sangatlah penting. Salah satu cara untuk memenuhi hak-hak atau ...untuk mensejahterakan para karyawan adalah dengan diberikannya hak cuti kepada setiap karyawan yang ada. Untuk memberikan suatu pelayanan dan informasi yang benar dan cepat perlu digunakannya sistem secara komputerisasi yang dapat mengolah data cuti dengan akurat dan cepat. Untuk menyelesaikan penelitian ini penulis menggunakan beberapa metode penelitian yaitu waktu dan tempat penelitian, jenis dan sumber data yang digunakan dan beberapa macam teknik pengumpulan data antara lain teknik observasi, interview, dokumentasi, studi pustaka dan laboratorium research. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah sistem informasi cuti karyawan pada PT Aneka Gas Industri Tbk Pekanbaru agar dapat mempermudah dalam pengolahan data dan informasi.
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Most pharmaceutical companies have stopped or have severely limited investments to discover and develop new antibiotics to treat the increasing prevalence of infections caused by ...multi-drug resistant bacteria, because the return on investment has been mostly negative for antibiotics that received marketing approved in the last few decades. In contrast, a few small companies have taken on this challenge and are developing new antibiotics. This review describes those antibiotics in late-stage clinical development. Most of them belong to existing antibiotic classes and a few with a narrow spectrum of activity are novel compounds directed against novel targets. The reasons for some of the past failures to find new molecules and a path forward to help attract investments to fund discovery of new antibiotics are described.
•A new synthetic routes of Cu2−xSe/CuTi CE has been proposed.•Cu2−xSe/CuTi CE is fabricated by sacrifice template method.•The QDSCs based on the Cu2−xSe/CuTi CE achieves the PCE of 6.25%.•The ...enhanced photovoltaic performance could be attributed to the improving electrocatalytic activity.•The Cu2−xSe/CuTi CE shows excellent stability in polysulfide electrolyte.
An efficient and simple strategy is designed for the synthesis of Cu2−xSe with two different morphology, including networks nanostructure and nanosheets structure, based on Ti substrate using a sacrificial template method (CuTi2S4 and Cu). The corresponding Cu2−xSe/CuTi CE and Cu2−xSe/Cu CE could be applied as counter electrodes (CE) for quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). As a result, the cell fabricated by Cu2−xSe/CuTi-4 CE exhibits a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.25% under 1 sun (100 mW/cm2) illumination as compared to that of Cu2−xSe/Cu CE (4.83%). According to transient photocurrent (TPC) result, the improving photovoltaic performance could be attributed to the improving electrocatalytic activity towards polysulfide electrolyte as compared to Cu2−xSe/Cu CE. These results are in accordance with the EIS analysis and Tafel polarization curve results for symmetrical cell. In addition, the outstanding stability of Cu2−xSe/CuTi CE could be further proved by cyclic voltammetry (CV) test. In conclusion, the Cu2−xSe/CuTi CE could be a promising material and the applications in solar cells.
ABSTRACT
Ceftolozane/tazobactam is approved for the treatment of patients from birth to <18 y old with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI). This post hoc analysis evaluated the safety, ...efficacy, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of ceftolozane/tazobactam compared with meropenem in neonates and young infants. NCT03230838 was a phase 2, randomized, active comparator-controlled, double-blind study of patients from birth to <18 y of age with cUTI, including pyelonephritis, given ceftolozane/tazobactam or meropenem in a 3:1 ratio. This subset analysis included only neonates and young infants < 3 mo of age. The microbiologic modified intent-to-treat population (mMITT) included 20 patients (ceftolozane/tazobactam,
n
= 14; meropenem,
n
= 6). All patients had pyelonephritis at baseline; two patients in each treatment group had bacteremia (overall 4/20, 20%).
Escherichia coli
was the most common baseline pathogen (overall 16/20, 80%). Safety and efficacy results were similar between treatment groups and consistent with the overall pediatric population. There were no serious drug-related adverse events (AEs), no discontinuations due to AEs, and no AEs leading to death in either treatment group. For the ceftolozane/tazobactam and meropenem treatment groups, clinical cure rates in the mMITT population were 92.9% and 100%, respectively. The population PK analysis of neonates and young infants demonstrated similar ceftolozane and tazobactam exposures to those of adults, achieving pharmacodynamic targets associated with clinical and microbiologic cure. Ceftolozane/tazobactam has a favorable safety profile and achieves high clinical cure and microbiologic eradication rates in neonates and young infants < 3 mo of age with cUTI and pyelonephritis.
Importance
Extrapolation of antibacterial agent pharmacokinetics from adults to newborns and young infants may not be appropriate; similarly, the clinical manifestations of infectious diseases and outcomes following antibacterial treatment may not be similar. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is an antibacterial drug combination active against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and other multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. A clinical study led to the approval for ceftolozane/tazobactam in patients from birth to 18 y of age who have complicated urinary tract infections, including those with serious kidney infections. Based on data collected during that clinical study, we compared newborns and young infants who were treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (14 patients) and those who were treated with meropenem (6 patients). We found that ceftolozane/tazobactam treatment of newborns and young infants up to 3 mo of age who have complicated urinary tract infections demonstrated a favorable safety profile and high clinical cure and microbiologic eradication rates, similar to meropenem.
Extrapolation of antibacterial agent pharmacokinetics from adults to newborns and young infants may not be appropriate; similarly, the clinical manifestations of infectious diseases and outcomes following antibacterial treatment may not be similar. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is an antibacterial drug combination active against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and other multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. A clinical study led to the approval for ceftolozane/tazobactam in patients from birth to 18 y of age who have complicated urinary tract infections, including those with serious kidney infections. Based on data collected during that clinical study, we compared newborns and young infants who were treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (14 patients) and those who were treated with meropenem (6 patients). We found that ceftolozane/tazobactam treatment of newborns and young infants up to 3 mo of age who have complicated urinary tract infections demonstrated a favorable safety profile and high clinical cure and microbiologic eradication rates, similar to meropenem.
Ceftolozane/tazobactam, a cephalosporin-β-lactamase inhibitor combination, active against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, is approved for treatment of adults with complicated urinary ...tract infections (cUTI). Safety and efficacy of ceftolozane/tazobactam in pediatric participants with cUTI, including pyelonephritis, were assessed.
This phase 2 study (NCT03230838) compared ceftolozane/tazobactam with meropenem for treatment of cUTI in participants from birth to <18 years of age. The primary objective was safety and tolerability. Key secondary end points included clinical cure and per-participant microbiologic response rates at end of treatment (EOT) and test of cure (TOC) visits.
The microbiologic modified intent-to-treat (mMITT) population included 95 participants (ceftolozane/tazobactam, n = 71; meropenem, n = 24). The most common diagnosis and pathogen were pyelonephritis (ceftolozane/tazobactam, 84.5%; meropenem, 79.2%) and Escherichia coli (ceftolozane/tazobactam, 74.6%; meropenem, 87.5%); 5.7% (ceftolozane/tazobactam) and 4.8% (meropenem) of E. coli isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producers. Rates of adverse events were similar between treatment groups (any: ceftolozane/tazobactam, 59.0% vs. meropenem, 60.6%; drug-related: ceftolozane/tazobactam, 14.0% vs. meropenem, 15.2%; serious: ceftolozane/tazobactam, 3.0% vs. meropenem, 6.1%). Rates of clinical cure for ceftolozane/tazobactam and meropenem at EOT were 94.4% and 100% and at TOC were 88.7% and 95.8%, respectively. Rates of microbiologic eradication for ceftolozane/tazobactam and meropenem at EOT were 93.0% and 95.8%, and at TOC were 84.5% and 87.5%, respectively.
Ceftolozane/tazobactam had a favorable safety profile in pediatric participants with cUTI; rates of clinical cure and microbiologic eradication were high and similar to meropenem. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a safe and effective new treatment option for children with cUTI, especially due to antibacterial-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
Ceftolozane is a cephalosporin similar to ceftazidime in its structure, which is marketed in combination with tazobactam, a well-known β-lactamase inhibitor.
After a brief introduction on the drug ...characteristics and efficacy, we focused on available data from randomized controlled trials and post-marketing observational studies pertaining to the safety of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI). A search was conducted in PubMed from January 2010 to February 2023.
The use of C/T for the treatment of cUTI is supported by solid efficacy and safety data, especially for the treatment of those pathogens where it can represent a first-line approach due to some peculiar characteristics: (i) treatment of cUTI caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in view of its frequent activity against carbapenem-resistant isolates when resistance mechanisms other than production of carbapenemases are concerned; (ii) treatment of cUTI caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales in those settings where the selective pressure for carbapenem resistance needs to be relieved, as a suitable and effective carbapenem-sparing option. Although development of resistance to C/T during or after treatment has been reported, this has been reported very rarely in patients receiving C/T for the treatment of cUTI.
CuTi layers are co-sputter deposited on 20-nm SiO2/Si(001) wafers at 350 °C to quantify their stability in direct contact with a dielectric and to explore the potential of CuTi as barrier- and ...liner-free interconnect metal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pole figures indicate a preferred 001 out-of-plane crystalline orientation. Rutherford backscattering confirms a stoichiometric composition. Vacuum annealing tests at 450 °C of CuTi layers indicate considerably higher thermal stability than for pure Cu layers, including negligible dewetting observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and negligible intermixing with the oxide substrate quantified by photoelectron spectroscopy. Four-point bend tests show a 25% higher interfacial toughness for CuTi/SiO2 than Cu/SiO2 interfaces. CuTi/SiO2 samples also exhibit a 300-times longer failure time than Cu/SiO2 during time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) tests using an externally applied 3-MV/cm electric field. The higher stability of CuTi in comparison to Cu is attributed to a higher cohesive energy in combination with an atomically thin self-limiting Ti oxide layer at the CuTi/SiO2 interface.
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