We investigated early spontaneous colonisation patterns during semi-dry grassland restoration at two sites in SE Austria. The sites were left to regenerate passively without addition of plant ...propagules on a former arable field and an apple orchard. The sites were prepared only by ploughing (arable field) or clear cutting (apple orchard) and subsequently mowed annually. We studied whether, four years after project initiation, target species from adjacent semi-dry grasslands had established at the restored sites. We asked: 1) Does passive restoration lead to the establishment of target species? 2) Do abiotic parameters or distance to reference sites explain early colonisation patterns? 3) Do plant traits predict the colonisation success of different species? At each site, we collected data in 4 m × 4 m plots, in which we sampled the vegetation, analysed abiotic parameters (soil potassium- and phosphorus-content, soil-pH, slope) and recorded the minimum distance to the reference site. We tested for correlations between abiotic variables, plant traits and colonisation success. Colonisation patterns were not driven by abiotic soil conditions but rather by nearest distance to the reference sites. In addition, the vegetation developed differently in the former arable field and the apple orchard. Competitive species of the Arrhenatherion and thermophilic ruderal associations dominated the early restoration stage at both sites. Passive restoration of semi-dry grasslands on former agricultural land is unlikely to succeed unless complemented by initial ploughing, nutrient stripping and addition of propagules of rare species.
Preučevali smo vzorce zgodnje naselitve vrst med obnovo polsuhih travišč na dveh lokacijah v jugovzhodni Avstriji. Travišča smo prepustili pasivni obnovi brez vnosa propagul na nekdanjo obdelano površino in sadovnjak jablan. Obe površini smo predhodno obdelali tako, da smo polje preorali, sadovnjak pa posekali in nato kosili vsako leto. Po štirih letih od začetka projekta smo spremljali, ali se na obnovljenih površinah pojavljajo tarčne vrste s sosednjih polsuhih travišč. Zanimalo nas je: 1) Ali pasivna obnova omogoča naselitev tarčnih vrst? 2) Ali lahko z abiotskimi dejavniki ali oddaljenostjo ciljnega travišča razložimo vzorce zgodnje naselitve? 3) Ali lahko z rastlinskimi znaki napovemo uspešnost naselitve različnih vrst? Na vsaki lokaciji smo postavili poskusne ploskve 4 m × 4 m, kjer smo vzorčili vegetacijo, abiotske dejavnike (vsebost kalija in fosforja v tleh, pH tal, naklon) in izmerili minimalno oddaljenost od ciljnega travišča. Testirali smo korelacijo med abiotskimi dejavniki, rastlinskimi znaki in uspešnostjo naselitve vrst. Vzorci kolonizacije so bolj odvisni od bližine ciljnega travišča kot pa od abiotskih dejavnikov tal, poleg tega se je vegetacija razvijala drugače na nekdanji njivi kot v sadovnjaku. Na obeh rastiščih so v zgodnjih fazah obnove prevladovale konkurenčno uspešnejše vrste zveze Arrhenatherion in termofilnih ruderalnih združb. Pasivna obnova polsuhih travišč na nekdanjih obdelovanih površinah bo verjetno neuspešna brez predhodnega oranja, odstranjevanja hranil in dodajanja propagul redkih vrst
Sveta Ema Krška i Trakošćan Vrkić Žura, Slavica
Kaj,
12/2019, Letnik:
52, Številka:
5-6
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
Car Heinrich II. darovao je u Bambergu dana 16. travnja 1015. godine savinjskom grofu Wilhelmu, starijem sinu svoje nećakinje, koruške kneginje Eme od Friesacha i Zeltschacha, vilu Trakošćan i 30 ...kraljevskih seoskih gazdinstava te sve što on, car, posjeduje na području Wilhelmove markgrofovije između rijeka Save, Savinje, Sutle i Mirne. Wilhelmova majka Ema rođena je 983. godine na dvorcu Peilenstein (slov. Pilštanj) od oca Elgelberta von Peilensteina i majke Tute. Odrasla je na dvorcu cara (sv.) Heinricha II. i njegove žene (sv.) Kunigunde. Udala se za Wilhelma II. od Friesacha, Zeltschacha i Truxena. Nakon pogibije obojice sinova (1030.) i smrti supruga (1036.) osnovala je veliki broj crkava, podigla ženski benediktinski samostan u Gurku (Krško) te omogućila osnivanje krške biskupije. Veliki dio svojih posjeda poklonila je salzburškom biskupu Baldwinu u svrhu osnivanja benediktinskog samostana u Admontu. Pokopana je u novoj kripti krške katedrale 1174., beatificirana 1287., a kanonizirana 1938. god., iako je proces proglašenja sveticom počeo već sredinom 15. stoljeća. Među dvorcima koje je poklonila krškoj biskupiji nije naveden Trakošćan. Umrla je na Dan sv. Petra i Pavla 29.lipnja, ali joj se blagdan slavi dva dana ranije, 27.lipnja. Zaštitnica je trudnica, slijepih i nepokretnih osoba. Atributi su joj ruža i katedrala, a ponegdje i povelja koju drži u rukama. Svojom sveticom smatraju je Slovenci, Austrijanci i Nijemci. Nakon smrti njezinog supruga Wilhelma II. savinjski markgrof postaje Emin rođak grof Askuin Plain. Njega nasljeđuje sin Starhand I., a Starhanda I. sin Starhand II. koji je imao braću Ulrika, Weriganda i Bernarda. Starhand II. u ratnom pohodu gubi svoju markgrofoviju, a dobiva je Pilgrim Hohenwart. Njegov sin Ginter kratko vrijeme vlada savinjskom markgrofovijom, da bi je ponovo preuzeo Pilgrim. Nakon Pilgrimove smrti car Konrad III. tu markgrofoviju 1149. predaje Otokaru I. Štajerskom. Tim činom je Celje zvanično sjedinjeno sa Štajerskom. Godine 1341. u Münchenu car Ludwig IV. imenuje Miroslava Friedricha Savinjskog prvim celjskim grofom. Celjski grofovi će vladati ukupno 115 godina. Nakon pogibije posljednjeg celjskog grofa Ulrika II. 1456. god. posjedi celjskih grofova se dijele. Češki plemić Jan Vitovec postaje kapetan celjske grofovije. 1459. od cara dobiva Krapinu, a godinu dana kasnije i Zagorsku grofoviju. Udovici Ulrika II. Katarini car namjenjuje, među ostalim, i nekoliko hrvatskih mjesta, dok je ostatak „mjesta, trgova i gradova“ koji su bili u vlasništvu celjskih grofova, a nalazili se na području Hrvatske, vraćen hrvatskoj kruni. Među njima je naveden i Trakošćan (Trakenstein).
Emperor Henry II Heinrich II gave away Villa Trakoscan and 30
royal estates to Count William Wilhelm of Savinja, older son of his niece,
the Carinthian Princess Emma of Friesach and Zeltschach, on April 16th, 1015,
in Bamberg. The Emperor also gave the
Count all that he possessed in William's Margraviate, situated between the
rivers Sava, Savinja, Sutla, and Mirna. William's
mother Hemma was born in 983 at Peilenstein castle, as the daughter of
Engelbert von Peilenstein, and wife Tuta. She was raised in the palace of Emperor
Henry II and his wife (Saint) Cunigunde, and
was married to William II of Friesach, Zeltschach and Truxen. After both of her
sons were murdered (in 1030), and then her husband (in 1036), Hemma founded a
large number of churches, the women's Benedictine monastery at Gurk and enabled the founding of the Gurk
Diocese. She gave away a large number of
her estate properties to the Salzburg Bishop Baldwin
for founding the Benedictine monastery at Admont. Hemma’s remains were buried in the new crypt
of the Gurk Cathedral in 1174. She was
beatified in
1287, and canonised in 1938, although the process of being declared a saint
began as far back as the middle of the 15th century. Castle Trakoscan
is not mentioned among the castles she gave away to the Gurk Diocese. She died on St Peter's
and Paul's day, but her feast day is celebrated two days earlier, on June 27th. Saint Hemma is the
patron of pregnant women, the blind, and the immobile. Her attributes are the rose and the
cathedral, and sometimes a charter she holds in her hands. Slovenes, Austrians, and Germans venerate her
as their saint. After the death of her husband William II, Hemma’s relative, Count Askuin Plain
becomes the Savinja Margrave. He is succeeded by his son Starhand I, who is succeeded by Starhand II,
whose brothers were Ulrich, Werigand, and Bernard. Starhand II loses his Margraviate to Pilgrim
of Hohenwart, following a military campaign.
The Savinja
Margraviate was once again taken over by Pilgrim after a short reign of his son
Ginter. After Pilgrim’s death, Emperor Conrad III gives away the
Margraviate to Ottokar I of Styria, in 1149. By this act Celje was officially united with Styria.
In 1341, in Munich, Emperor Louis IV
appointed Miroslav (Friedrich) of Savinja as the first count of
Celje. The Celje counts will reign for 115 years. After the death of the last Celje count Ulrich II in
1456, the Celje counts’ estates are divided. The Czech nobleman Jan Vitovec becomes the captain of the Celje County.
By the Emperor’s will he acquires Krapina in 1459, and the Zagorje County a year later. Among others,
the Emperor allotted several Croatian settlements to Katarina, widow of
Ulrich II, while the remaining
settlements,
squares and towns
possessed
by the Celje counts and situated in the Croatian area were returned to the Croatian Crown. Trakoscan (Trakenstein) is mentioned
among those.
Istražili smo rad donje štajerskih isusovaca u matematičkim znanostima. Prije suzbijanja isusovačkog reda neki od njih imali su važne pedagoške i znanstvene položaje u Habsburškoj monarhiji. Radili ...su na različitim učilištima, jer sama Mariborska isusovačka rezidencija nikada nije razvila više studije filozofije za učenike koji nisu bili isusovci. Usprkos toj činjenici, Maribor je postao jedan od duhovnih isusovačkih središta u Monarhiji s ambicijom za unapređenje na viši stupanj fakulteta, ali je suzbijanje isusovaca okončalo njihovu kratkotrajnu rezidenciju u Mariboru.
Proučili smo rad značajnog donjeg štajerskog znanstvenika Theodora Kravine Cronstaina (* 1720., Slivnica kod Maribora- 1789., Zwettl u Donjoj Austriji) u Varaždinu. Do suzbijanja isusovačkog reda održao je najviši pedagoški i znanstveni položaj u Monarhiji.
Theodor Kravina von Cronstain predavao je u najboljoj srednjoeuropskoj elitnoj školi Theresianum u Beču, posljednjih nekoliko godina kao rektor. Cronstain je uspio pretvoriti Theresianum u središte eksperimentalnog učenja mnogih grana znanosti.
Do nedavno, Cronstain (Kravina) je bio relativno slabo poznat u hrvatskoj i slovenskoj historiografiji. Dokazali smo da su njegova djela i pozicije dovoljno važni da ih šira javnost upozna. Pogotovo jer je Kravina Cronstain (Cronstein) započeo svesrdno obrazovanje plemićkih
elita. Theodor Kravina von Cronstain bio je najuspješniji odgojitelj ikad rođen na području moderne Slovenije. Kao i svi njegovi suvremeni kolege, i on je bio isusovac, pa je baš stoga brzo napredovao, dok se konačno članstvo u isusovačkom redu nije pokazalo kao izravni razlog za kraj njegovog rada u obrazovanju nakon suzbijanja isusovaca 1773. godine.
Avstrijska Štajerska ima svoj slovenski delež prebivalstva. Različni vzroki v zgodovini so vodili do tega, da se manj in manj govori slovensko. Katera slovenska društva so na Štajerskem in kakšne so ...njihove aktivnosti za ohranjanje slovenskega jezika, o tem govori sledeči članek.
At the archaeological site of Orehova vas near Maribor, where remains were discovered from various archaeological periods, in 2006 a small early La Tène cemetery with three graves was discovered. In ...addition to the most probably cremated grave 2, where only pottery vessels were placed, another two graves were excavated at the cemetery containing sets of weapons, consisting of a sword in a scabbard and a spear. In the case of cremation grave 1, the weapons were ritually destroyed, but not in grave 3. Grave 3 is exceptional not merely at the cemetery but also throughout the entire western Pannonian region. It is a double grave with a bi-ritual mode of burial. Considering the size and shape of the grave pit and the position of the deliberately undamaged grave goods it is very likely that the grave contained the remains of an inhumation burial of an armed male. Next to it were also discovered the cremated remains of a female with an iron fibula of the early La Tène type with a button on the foot. Despite the different funerary practices, grave 3 most probably represented the simultaneous burial of a man and a woman. All three graves from Orehova vas can be classified to the LT B2 or the Mokronog I phase. The cemetery has good analogies with the contemporary small cemetery from Srednica near Ptuj where Celtic newcomers from the northeast were most likely buried; some similarities were also noted with the La Tène cemetery at Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto, which was characterized by the preservation of a long continuity extending even from the Late Bronze and Hallstatt periods.
V prispevku so predstavljeni ostanki desetih pozno-latenskih peči, ki so bile vkopane v okop opuščenega naselja iz pozne bronaste dobe. Druge stavbne ostaline iz latenskega obdobja ...zaradi uničenosti vrhnjih plasti niso bile odkrite. Poseljenost današnjega Ormoža ob koncu mlajše železne dobe (stopnja Mokronog IIIa) dokazujejo predvsem drobne najdbe (fragmenti hišne lončenine in fibula tipa Nauheim).
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Posnetek z 2. okrogle mize, posvečene desetdnevni osamosvojitveni vojni. Na fotografiji sedijo od leve proti desni: Tone Sračnik, ...Srečko Cehnar, Venčeslav Ogrinc, voditelj Stanislav Kocutar, Anton Korošec, Rudolf Moge, Bojan Lunežnik in Alojz Kovačič.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
The paper brings the basic information about geographical names (toponyms), including the names of provinces. The author describes the connection between the names of provinces and territorial ...identities of the people. He also gives a historical overview ofregional administrative and geographical units and their names in the wider area of the city of Maribor including the present names of this area. At the end, he gives an overview and evaluation of the suggested names of the planned province whose capital will bethe city of Maribor.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Posnetek s 3. okrogle mize, posvečene pomenu novinarjev in medijev med osamosvojitveno vojno. Na fotografiji so od leve proti desni: ...voditelj Stanislav Kocutar, Janez Ujčič in Smiljan Pušenjak.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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