This article is derived from the project Turizmo Ištriano (Programme las Istre), the main aim of which was to observe the intangible heritage of North Istria from an ethnological point of view, ...within which our focus was on traditional festivities. Instead of a tourist valorisation ‘from above,’ the focus of this ethnologic research was directed towards the perceptions ‘from below,’ on how people perceive the local intangible heritage. Questions were raised about the so-called ‘authenticity,’ continuity, or discontinuity of the traditions and their relation to tourism. The research has shown that a significate element of the break of tradition of šagre can be found in the massive migrations after wwii in the rural part of Istria, which is related to the consequences of the so-called ‘Istrian exodus.’ It has also been shown how vital it is for the tradition to survive is its adaptation to the needs of the present. It was shown that people do differentiate between šagra (local character, no tourist promotion), and the ‘massive’ events that are attempting to attract tourists by selling products, presentation of ‘old days’ customs, traditional dresses, etc. that represent a ‘staged authenticity.’
Soils rich in expansive clays (i.e., smectite and montmorillonite, and, to a lesser extent, soft clays such as sepiolite and palygorskite) are found in a broad stretch running NNE-SSW from the east ...of Madrid to the Tagus River surrounds in the province of Toledo. These clays tend to give rise to a specific type of soil, known as "vertisols" or related argillic soils with vertic behaviour, varied chemical and sedimentological composition, and occasionally siliceous or dolomitic clasts. In these soils, where there is an absence of woody vegetation, the colonising nitrophilous vegetation becomes of particular interest through the usage and alteration of the land. These argillic soil plant communities are incredibly diversified, with flora suited to the unique hydrogeochemical conditions of these settings. The variety of these plant communities is determined by factors such as land use, lithology, terrain, and the level of humidity they can withstand. We identify the primary plant community on the Madrid-Toledo expansive clays in this paper, as well as provide a preliminary approach to the different varieties and transitions to other related plant communities. The main dynamic and catena links are established, and a floristically summarised table is provided, along with a descriptive examination of the community's behaviour and variability. Finally, its conservation status and the high degree of threat to which it is subjected are assessed.
We present observations using the Baade Magellan and Canada–France–Hawaii telescopes showing that main-belt comet 324P/La Sagra, formerly known as P/2010 R2, has become active again for the first ...time since originally observed to be active in 2010–2011. The object appears point-source-like in 2015 March and April as it approached perihelion (true anomaly of ν ∼ 300°), but was ∼1 mag brighter than expected if inactive, suggesting the presence of unresolved dust emission. Activity was confirmed by observations of a cometary dust tail in 2015 May and June. We find an apparent net dust production rate of
${\dot{M}_{\rm d}}\lesssim 0.1$
kg s−1 during these observations. 324P is now the fourth main-belt comet confirmed to be recurrently active, a strong indication that its activity is driven by sublimation. It now has the largest confirmed active range of all likely main-belt comets, and also the most distant confirmed inbound activation point at R ∼ 2.8 au. Further observations during the current active period will allow direct comparisons of activity strength with 324P's 2010 activity.
Insect legs play a crucial role in various modes of locomotion, including walking, jumping, swimming, and other forms of movement. The flexibility of their leg joints is critical in enabling various ...modes of locomotion. The frog-legged leaf beetle Sagra femorata possesses remarkably enlarged hind legs, which are considered to be a critical adaptation that enables the species to withstand external pressures. When confronted with external threats, S. femorata initiates a stress response by rapidly rotating its hind legs backward and upward to a specific angle, thereby potentially intimidating potential assailants. Based on video analysis, we identified 4 distinct phases of the hind leg rotation process in S. femorata, which were determined by the range of rotation angles (0°-168.77°). Utilizing micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) technology, we performed a 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and conducted relative positioning and volumetric analysis of the metacoxa and metatrochanter of S. femorata. Our analysis revealed that the metacoxa-trochanter joint is a "screw-nut" structure connected by 4 muscles, which regulate the rotation of the legs. Further testing using a 3D-printed model of the metacoxa-trochanter joint demonstrated its possession of a self-locking mechanism capable of securing the legs in specific positions to prevent excessive rotation and dislocation. It can be envisioned that this self-locking mechanism holds potential for application in bio-inspired robotics.
ABSTRACT Hubble Space Telescope observations of active asteroid 324P/La Sagra near perihelion show continued mass loss consistent with the sublimation of near-surface ice. Isophotes of the coma ...measured from a vantage point below the orbital plane are best matched by steady emission of particles having a nominal size of a ∼ 100 m. The inferred rate of mass loss, dMd/dt ∼ 0.2 kg s−1, can be supplied by sublimation of water ice in thermal equilibrium with sunlight from an area as small as 930 m2, corresponding to about 0.2% of the nucleus surface. Observations taken from a vantage point only 0 6 from the orbital plane of 324P set a limit to the velocity of ejection of dust in the direction perpendicular to the plane, V < 1 m s−1. Short-term photometric variations of the near-nucleus region, if related to rotation of the underlying nucleus, rule-out periods ≤3.8 hr and suggest that rotation probably does not play a central role in driving the observed mass loss. We estimate that, in the previous orbit, 324P lost about 4 × 107 kg in dust particles, corresponding to 6 × 10−5 of the mass of a 550 m spherical nucleus of assumed density = 1000 kg m−3. If continued, mass loss at this rate would limit the lifetime of 324P to ∼1.6 × 104 orbits (about 105 years). To survive for the 100-400 Myr timescales corresponding to dynamical and collisional stability requires a duty cycle of 2 × 10−4 ≤ fd ≤ 8 × 10−4. Unless its time in orbit is overestimated by many orders of magnitude, 324P is revealed as a briefly active member of a vast population of otherwise dormant ice-containing asteroids.
Biologists have been fascinated with the extreme products of sexual selection for decades. However, relatively few studies have characterized patterns of selection acting on ornaments and weapons in ...the wild. Here, we measure selection on a wild population of weapon-bearing beetles (frog-legged leaf beetles: Sagra femorata) for two consecutive breeding seasons. We consider variation in both weapon size (hind leg length) and in relative weapon size (deviations from the population average scaling relationship between hind leg length and body size), and provide evidence for directional selection on weapon size per se and stabilizing selection on a particular scaling relationship in this population. We suggest that whenever growth in body size is sensitive to external circumstance such as nutrition, then considering deviations from population-level scaling relationships will better reflect patterns of selection relevant to evolution of the ornament or weapon than will variation in trait size per se. This is because traitsize versus body-size scaling relationships approximate underlying developmental reaction norms relating trait growth with body condition in these species. Heightened condition-sensitive expression is a hallmark of the exaggerated ornaments and weapons favored by sexual selection, yet this plasticity is rarely reflected in the way we think about—and measure—selection acting on these structures in the wild.
We present a model of the dust environment of Main-Belt Comet P/2010 R2 (La Sagra) from images acquired during the period 2010 October-2011 January. The tails are best simulated by anisotropic ...ejection models, with emission concentrated near the nucleus south pole, the spin axis having an obliquity near 90?, indicative of a possible seasonally driven behavior. The dust mass loss rate increases rapidly shortly before perihelion, reaching a maximum value of ~4 kg s--1, and maintaining a sustained, cometary-like, activity of about 3-4 kg s--1 up to at least 200 days after perihelion, the date of the latest observation. The size distribution function is characterized by particles in the 5 X 10--4 cm to 1 cm radius range, assuming a time-constant power-law distribution with an index of --3.5. The ejection velocities are compatible with water-ice sublimation activity at the heliocentric distance of 2.7 AU, with values of 10-20 cm s--1 for particle radius of 1 cm, and inverse square root dependence on particle size, typical of hydrodynamical gas drag.
Linaria sagrensis
, from the south‐eastern Iberian Peninsula, is here newly described, illustrated, and compared with its morphologically closest relatives from
L.
sect.
Supinae
:
L. pruinosa
,
L. ...nevadensis
,
L. glacialis
and
L. alpina
subsp.
alpina
. The species is characterized by being perennial, entirely glandular‐hairy, with inflorescence dense and corymbiform, and calyx lobes unequal; corolla small, pinkish‐violet, with conspicuous dark veins and yellow to orangish palate, and spur shorter than the rest of the corolla; capsule globose, glandular‐hairy at apex; seeds large, black to dark greyish, with apparently smooth disc, though with very few and scattered small tubercles, and light‐grey wing.
Linaria sagrensis
is endemic to Sierra de la Sagra (N Granada province, Spain), growing in calcareous screes of the Mediterranean high mountain. Additionally,
L. aeruginea
subsp.
pruinosa
is here raised to species rank,
L. pruinosa
, and therefore a new combination is proposed. The value of seed characters in
Linaria
taxonomy is discussed based on newly discovered infraspecific variability in several taxa.
In continuity with the first part of the paper published in the previous issue of Sociologia: Revista da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, the present study problematizes some clues about ...the emergence of the social economy in Portugal, focusing on the Revista Litteraria, published in Porto during the 19thcentury. It presents and discusses facts about Ramón de la Sagra and the influence of his work concerning the flourishing Portuguese awareness about social economy. From the collection of intense document search, it is sought to question those that are considered as the first theoretical trends regarding social economy
We present observations of the recently discovered comet-like main-belt object P/2010 R2 (La Sagra) obtained by Pan-STARRS1 and the Faulkes Telescope-North on Haleakala in Hawaii, the University of ...Hawaii 2.2m, Gemini-North, and Keck I telescopes on Mauna Kea, the Danish 1.54 m telescope at La Silla, and the Isaac Newton Telescope on La Palma. An anti-solar dust tail is observed to be present from 2010 August through 2011 February, while a dust trail aligned with the object's orbit plane is also observed from 2010 December through 2011 August. The results strongly suggest that the observed activity is cometary in nature (i.e., driven by the sublimation of volatile material), and that P/La Sagra is therefore the most recent main-belt comet to be discovered.
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