A masterfully researched and compelling history of Iran
from 1501 to 2009 This history of modern Iran is not a
survey in the conventional sense but an ambitious exploration of
the story of a nation. ...It offers a revealing look at how events,
people, and institutions are shaped by currents that sometimes
reach back hundreds of years. The book covers the complex history
of the diverse societies and economies of Iran against the
background of dynastic changes, revolutions, civil wars, foreign
occupation, and the rise of the Islamic Republic. Abbas Amanat
combines chronological and thematic approaches, exploring events
with lasting implications for modern Iran and the world. Drawing on
diverse historical scholarship and emphasizing the twentieth
century, he addresses debates about Iran's culture and politics.
Political history is the driving narrative force, given impetus by
Amanat's decades of research and study. He layers the book with
discussions of literature, music, and the arts; ideology and
religion; economy and society; and cultural identity and heritage.
New World Babel Gray, Edward G; Gray, Edward G
2014., 20140701, 2014, 1999, Letnik:
73
eBook
New World Babelis an innovative cultural and intellectual history of the languages spoken by the native peoples of North America from the earliest era of European conquest through the beginning of ...the nineteenth century. By focusing on different aspects of the Euro-American response to indigenous speech, Edward Gray illuminates the ways in which Europeans' changing understanding of "language" shaped their relations with Native Americans. The work also brings to light something no other historian has treated in any sustained fashion: early America was a place of enormous linguistic diversity, with acute social and cultural problems associated with multilingualism.
Beginning with the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and using rarely seen first-hand accounts of colonial missionaries and administrators, the author shows that European explorers and colonists generally regarded American-Indian languages, like all languages, as a divine endowment that bore only a superficial relationship to the distinct cultures of speakers. By relating these accounts to thinkers like Locke, Adam Smith, Jefferson, and others who sought to incorporate their findings into a broader picture of human development, he demonstrates how, during the eighteenth century, this perception gave way to the notion that language was a human innovation, and, as such, reflected the apparent social and intellectual differences of the world's peoples.
The book is divided into six chronological chapters, each focusing on different aspects of the Euro-American response to indigenous languages.New World Babelwill fascinate historians, anthropologists, and linguists--anyone interested in the history of literacy, print culture, and early ethnological thought.
Originally published in 1999.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Introduction: Why Read About Brazil?. CHAPTER 1. BIRTH AND GROWTH OF COLONIAL BRAZIL: 1500-1750. The Country the Portuguese Created in the New World. The Colonial Economy and Society. Miscegenation: ...Biological and Cultural. The Beginnings of a Luso-Brazilian Culture. CHAPTER 2. CRISIS OF THE COLONIAL SYSTEM AND EMERGENCE OF AN INDEPENDENT BRAZIL: 1790-1830. The Economics and Politics of Post-1750 Brazil. The Portuguese Court Comes to Brazil. CHAPTER 3. REVOLT, CONSOLIDATION, AND WAR: 1830-1870. Uprisings under the Regency. Recentralization. The Role of Pedro II. The Rise of Coffee. The Emerging Problems with Slavery as an Institution. The Question of Abolition. The Paraguayan War. CHAPTER 4. MAKING BRAZIL "MODERN": 1870-1910. The End of the Empire. Coffee Fluctuations, Emerging Industry, and Urban Labor. CHAPTER 5. WORLD WAR I, THE GREAT DEPRESSION, AND DICTATORSHIP: 1910-1945. The Shock of World War I. New Currents in the 1920's. The Revolution of 1930. Getulio Vargas as Dictator. CHAPTER 6. DEMOCRACY UNDER VARGAS, HALCYON DAYS WITH KUBITSCHEK, AND A MILITARY COUP: 1945-1964. The 1945 Election and the Dutra Period Vargas Returns. A Socioeconomic Profile of Brazil in the Late 1940s and 1950s. A New President, Juscelino Kubitschek, Elected. The Brief Presidency of Janio Guadros. The Succession of Joao Goulart. CHAPTER 7. RULE OF THE MILITARY: 1964-1985. The Generals Search for a Political Base. The Arrival of the Guerrillas. Culture and the Generals. The Economic "Miracle" Wrought by the Authoritarians. The Road to Redemocratization. CHAPTER 8. REDEMOCRATIZATION; NEW HOPE, OLD PROBLEMS: 1985-. Sarney and His Challenges. The Debt Crisis and the Economy. Widening Gaps Between Rich and Poor. Public Health: The Fish That Swam Upstream. Changes Affecting Women. Race Relations. The Political Spectrum in the New Democracy. The Collor Debacle. Another
Vice-President in Command. Back to Stabilization: The Plano Real. The Presidential Election of 1994. Epilogue. Suggestions for further Readings.
This paper attempts to trace and describe the role played by the government sector - the state - in promoting economic growth in Western societies since the Renaissance. One important conclusion is ...that the antagonism between state and market, which has characterised the twentieth century, is a relatively new phenomenon. Since the Renaissance one very important task of the state has been to create well-functioning markets by providing a legal framework, standards, credit, physical infrastructure and - if necessary - to function temporarily as an entrepreneur of last resort. Early economists were acutely aware that national markets did not occur spontaneously, and they used "modern" ideas like synergies, increasing returns, and innovation theory when arguing for the right kind of government policy. In fact, mercantilist economics saw it as a main task to extend the synergetic economic effects observed within cities to the territory of a nation-state. The paper argues that the classical Anglo-Saxon tradition in economics - fundamentally focused on barter and distribution, rather than on production and knowledge - systematically fails to grasp these wider issues in economic development, and it brings in and discusses the role played by the state in alternative traditions of non-equilibrium economics.
