Berkeley's Essay towards a New Theory of Vision (1709), his first substantial publication, revolutionized the theory of vision. His approach provided the framework for subsequent work in the ...psychology of vision and remains influential to this day. Among philosophers, however, theNew Theory has not always been read as a landmark in the history of scientific thought, but instead as a halfway house to Berkeley's later metaphysics. In this book, Margaret Atherton seeks to redress the balance through a commentary on and a reinterpretation of Berkeley'sNew Theory.
A comprehensive intellectual biography of the
Enlightenment philosopher In George Berkeley: A
Philosophical Life , Tom Jones provides a comprehensive account
of the life and work of the preeminent ...Irish philosopher of the
Enlightenment. From his early brilliance as a student and fellow at
Trinity College Dublin to his later years as Bishop of Cloyne,
Berkeley brought his searching and powerful intellect to bear on
the full range of eighteenth-century thought and experience. Jones
brings vividly to life the complexities and contradictions of
Berkeley's life and ideas. He advanced a radical immaterialism,
holding that the only reality was minds, their thoughts, and their
perceptions, without any physical substance underlying them. But he
put forward this counterintuitive philosophy in support of the
existence and ultimate sovereignty of God. Berkeley was an
energetic social reformer, deeply interested in educational and
economic improvement, including for the indigenous peoples of North
America, yet he believed strongly in obedience to hierarchy and
defended slavery. And although he spent much of his life in
Ireland, he followed his time at Trinity with years of travel that
took him to London, Italy, and New England, where he spent two
years trying to establish a university for Bermuda, before
returning to Ireland to take up an Anglican bishopric in a
predominantly Catholic country. Jones draws on the full range of
Berkeley's writings, from philosophical treatises to personal
letters and journals, to probe the deep connections between his
life and work. The result is a richly detailed and rounded portrait
of a major Enlightenment thinker and the world in which he
lived.
We have conducted petrological and mineralogical studies on an igneous clast in the Northwest Africa (NWA) 1685 (LL4) chondrite. This meteorite was described in the Meteoritical Bulletin as ...containing clasts similar to alkali‐rich clasts in LL chondritic breccias Yamato (Y)‐74442 (LL4), Bhola (LL3‐6), and Krähenberg (LL5). We carefully compared the textures, as well as mineral and matrix compositions, of the NWA 1685 clast with those of the previously described alkali‐rich clasts in the LL chondritic breccias. Olivine grains are embedded in glassy matrix and have no chemical zoning. Shock melt veins and fractures were observed only in olivine grains and did not continue into matrix. Potassium abundance of matrix glasses of the NWA 1685 clast is lower than those of alkali‐rich igneous clasts in Y‐74442, Bhola, and Krähenberg, indicating that the igneous clasts in NWA 1685 are different from the alkali‐rich clasts previously reported in the LL chondritic breccias. The NWA 1685 clast might have formed during an impact melting and quenching event on the LL‐chondrite parent body, and then been incorporated into a breccia.
Today, the names Bach and Mozart are mostly associated with Johann
Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. But this volume of
Bach Perspectives offers essays on the lesser-known
musical figures ...who share those illustrious names alongside new
research on the legendary composers themselves. Topics include the
keyboard transcriptions of J. S. Bach and Johann Gottfried Walther;
J. S. Bach and W. A. Mozart's freelance work; the sonatas of C. P.
E. Bach and Leopold Mozart; the early musical training given J. C.
Bach by his father and half-brother; the surprising musical
similarities between J. C. Bach and W. A. Mozart; and the latest
documentary research on Mozart's 1789 visit to the Thomasschule in
Leipzig.
An official publication of the American Bach Society, Bach
Perspectives, Volume 14 draws on a variety of approaches and a
broad range of subject matter in presenting a new wave of
innovative classical musical scholarship.
Contributors: Eleanor Selfridge-Field, Yoel Greenberg, Noelle M.
Heber, Michael Maul, Stephen Roe, and David Schulenberg
St. Matthew Passion is Hans
Blumenberg's sustained and devastating meditation on Jesus's
anguished cry on the cross, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken
me?" Why did this abandonment happen, what ...does it mean
within the logic of the Gospels, how have believers and
nonbelievers understood it, and how does it live on in art? With
rare philological acuity and vast historical learning, Blumenberg
unfolds context upon context in which this cry has reverberated,
from early Christian apologetics and heretics to twentieth-century
literature and philosophy.
Blumenberg's guide through this unending story of divine
abandonment is Johann Sebastian Bach's monumental
Matthäuspassion , the parabolic mirror that bundled
eighteen hundred years of reflection on the fate of the crucified
and the only available medium that allows us post-Christian
listeners to feel the anguish of those who witnessed the events of
the Passion. With interspersed references to writers such as
Goethe, Rilke, Kafka, Freud, and Benjamin, Blumenberg gathers
evidence to raise the singular question that, in his view,
Christian theology has not been able to answer: How can an
omnipotent God be so offended by his creatures that he must
sacrifice and abandon his own Son?
In his nearly forty-year career, Johann Scheibe became Leipzig's
most renowned organ builder and one of the late Baroque's masters
of the craft. Johann Sebastian Bach and Johann Kuhnau considered
...Scheibe a valued colleague. Organists and civic leaders shared
their high opinion, for Scheibe built or rebuilt every one of the
city's organs.
Drawing on extensive research and previously untapped archival
materials, Lynn Edwards Butler explores Scheibe's professional
relationships and the full range of his projects. These assignments
included the three-manual organ for St. Paul's Church, renovations
of the organs in the important churches of St. Thomas and St.
Nicholas, and the lone surviving example of Scheibe's craft, a
small organ in the nearby village of Zschortau. Viewing Scheibe
within the context of the era, Butler illuminates the music scene
of Bach's time as she follows the life of a gifted craftsman and
his essential work on an instrument that anchored religious musical
practice and community.
This book is the first comprehensive study of the radical political thought of the brothers Johan and Pieter de la Court, two eminent theorists from the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic who played ...a pivotal role in the rise of commercial republicanism.
AIM： To evaluate the effects of femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis（FS-LASIK） and small-incision lenticule extraction（SMILE） to correct high myopic anisometropic amblyopia in juvenile ...patients. METHODS： From November 2013 to January 2015, 33 amblyopic patients with high myopic anisometropic amblyopia were studied. FS-LASIK（30 eyes） or SMILE（3 eyes） was performed in the amblyopic eyes. Visual acuity, refraction, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity and complications were evaluated. Patients completed followup examinations at 3 d, 1 mo, 3 mo and the last follow-up time（mean 8.17±3.23 mo） after surgery. RESULTS： The mean age at surgery was 9.04±3.04 y（range 6-16 y）. The mean spherical equivalent in the amblyopic eyes was significantly decreased from-10.00±2.39 D preoperatively to-0.06±1.06 D at 1 mo,-0.19±1.33 D at 3 mo and-0.60±1.43 D at approximately 8 mo postoperatively（P〈0.05 for all）. The mean myopic anisometropia was significantly decreased from-9.45±2.33 D preoperatively to ＋0.37±1.48 D at 1 mo,-0.46±1.47 D at 3 mo and-0.09±1.83 D at approximately 8 mo（P〈0.05 for all）. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution（log MAR） for uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity（UDVA and CDVA, respectively） of the amblyopic eye improved from 1.74±0.35 and 0.98±0.63 preoperatively to 0.45±0.31 and 0.41±0.33 at approximately 8 mo after surgery, respectively. The logM AR CDVA at 3 d, 1, 3 and 8 mo postoperatively improved by means of 1.42, 2.22, 2.96, and 4.39 lines, and a gain of more than two lines accounted for 45%, 50%, 74% and 86% of all patients, respectively. The contrast sensitivity of both amblyopic eyes and dominant eyes at 0.5, 2, 8 cycles perdegree was significantly improved postoperatively（P〈0.05 for all）. Of the 33 pediatric patients, no patients had near stereopsis preoperatively and seven patients（21.2%） recovered near stereopsis（400″ to 60″） at approximately 8 mo after surgery. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in any patient.CONCLUSION： FS-LASIK or SMILE can be promising alternative methods to correct high myopic anisometropic amblyopia in juvenile patients who have failed with traditional approaches.
There are two operatic works with the same plot, the ancient story about the blocade of Rome by the Etruscan King Porsenna in the years 510–508 BC, compared in the article. Bononcini's opera Muzio ...Scevola (1710) was performed in Vienna at the occasion of the nameday of the Empress Amalia Wilhelmine. The true love and constancy of the women figures from Rome (Valeria and Elisa) are emphasised in this work. In the second work, however, the festa teatrale Costanza e Fortezza, which was performed in Prague in 1723 before the czech coronation of the imperial couple Charles VI. and Elisabeth Christine, is the same story presented as an allegory. The Romans defend their freedom with the help of their constancy and force against two enemies, who want to marry noble Roman girls Valeria and Clelia. By these means were shown the dynastic political intentions of Charles VI. and the momentousness of the pragmatic sanction.
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