Oxidative stress is a distinguishing feature in atherosclerosis disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can increase the oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and oxidative damage to macrophages ...in the plaque. Although antioxidant agents such as N-acetylcysteine are used to treat atherosclerosis, but provide a poor clinical benefit to the majority of patients with atherosclerosis. Here we have designed hyaluronic acid-guided assemblies of ceria nanozymes (HA-CeO2 NPs) as novel plaque-targeting ROS scavengers. The introduction of hyaluronic acid not only provide the stability and biocompatibility, but also surprisingly enhance SOD-mimic activities of ceria nanozymes compared to bare CeO2 precipitates, dextran or poly-aspartic acid coated ceria nanozymes. Interestingly, we find HA-CeO2 NPs not only actively target plaque-associated macrophages in atherosclerosis to remove superfluous ROS and protect macrophages from ROS-caused damages, but also effectively inhibit endocytosis of ox-LDL by activated macrophages. We believe HA-CeO2 nanozymes can serve as a simple and promising platform for anti-atherosclerotic therapy.
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•Polymer-guided assembly of ceria nanozymes were prepared via green synthesis.•HA-CeO2 NPs had superior SOD-mimic activities with higher amounts of cerium (III).•HA-CeO2 NPs had superior cell protection ability from ROS-induced damage.•HA-CeO2 NPs inhibited endocytosis of ox-LDL and downregulated of serum LDL.
The author gives an expanded interpretation of the “Greek Project” as not only a foreign policy undertaking, but also as an internal political project used in order to buttress state authority with ...specific ideological components. The source base for the project, in addition to the letter of Catherine II to Joseph II, are the papers of G.A. Potemkin, A.V. Khrapovitsky, the letters of Alexei and Grigory Orlov, and correspondence of the Russian Empress with Voltaire and other ideologists of the European Enlightenment. In addition, the writings of Greeks, in particular Eugenios Voulgaris, along various documents of foreign and domestic policy, and Russian cultural monuments are important to the project. It is shown that a characteristic feature of the imperial ideology of the reign of Catherine II was philhellenism, which included, above all, the noble elite’s awareness of the heritage of ancient Hellas as the source of pan-European civilization. On one hand, this ideology also included sympathy for the descendants of the great Hellenes, co-religionists who fell under the foreign Ottoman yoke, and on the other hand, the authorities and Russian society unanimously positioned the Russian Empire as the legitimate successor of Byzantium, which could and should return fellow Greeks to European civilization.
En Colombia, el 6 de enero de 2016 se realiza sanción presidencial de la Ley 1774 “Por medio de la cual se modifica el código civil, la Ley 84 de 1989, el código penal, el código de procedimiento ...penal y se dictan otras disposiciones” que busca por iniciativa del legislador crear un nuevo tipo penal, endurecer las sanciones en casos de maltrato animal y reconocer a los animales como seres sintientes sujetos de protección especial por parte del estado.
My starting point is an observation of Roger Lonsdale’s in the preface to his New Oxford Book of Eighteenth-Century Verse (1984). Arguing that literary historians have concentrated their focus on a ...very small number of eighteenth-century poems, he remarks: ‘This situation is explicable only if we recognise the hypnotically influential way in which the eighteenth century succeeded in anthologising itself’.1 It anthologised few parts of itself more successfully than Oliver Goldsmith’s The Deserted Village (1770), which was making regular appearances in British and American collections by the 1790s, and throughout the Victorian period and early twentieth century could be found in almost any sort of anthology of English verse.2 In this essay I want to look at the habits of reading and critical prejudices that transformed Goldsmith’s poem into the ultimate ‘anthology-piece’ – and, in later years, the efforts of scholarly rereading that sought to recuperate aspects of the poem that had been lost along the way.
Anaerobic digestion of animal by-products was investigated in batch and semi-continuously fed, reactor experiments at 55°C and for some experiments also at 37°C. Separate or mixed by-products from ...pigs were tested. The methane potential measured by batch assays for meat- and bone flour, fat, blood, hair, meat, ribs, raw waste were: 225, 497, 487, 561, 582, 575, 359, 619dm3kg−1 respectively, corresponding to 50–100% of the calculated theoretical methane potential. Dilution of the by-products had a positive effect on the specific methane yield with the highest dilutions giving the best results. High concentrations of long-chain fatty acids and ammonia in the by-products were found to inhibit the biogas process at concentrations higher than 5g lipidsdm−3 and 7gNdm−3 respectively. Pretreatment (pasteurization: 70°C, sterilization: 133°C, and alkali hydrolysis (NaOH) had no effect on achieved methane yields. Mesophilic digestion was more stable than thermophilic digestion, and higher methane yield was noticed at high waste concentrations. The lower yield at thermophilic temperature and high waste concentration was due to ammonia inhibition. Co-digestion of 5% pork by-products mixed with pig manure at 37°C showed 40% higher methane production compared to digestion of manure alone.
•PE could act as antioxidant in SPO at low concentrations while PC could not.•PC and PE had threshold values to act as prooxidant in SPO.•The threshold values were above the CMC and not just at the ...CMC.•PC and PE decelerated BPO oxidation by reducing peroxyl and carbon-centered radicals formation.
Effect of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on oxidation stability of stripped peanut oil (SPO) and bulk peanut oil (BPO) was investigated by EPR. Impact of commercial lecithin and cephalin on BPO oxidation was also studied. PC < 1000 ppm could not affect SPO oxidation but obviously accelerated oxidation above 1000 ppm. PE acted as antioxidant below 250 ppm, had no effect at 500 and 1000 ppm but behaved prooxidative properties above 2500 ppm. It suggested that there was a threshold value for PC and PE to act as prooxidant in SPO, which above the CMC yet not just at the CMC. PC (500 ppm) and PE (100–500 ppm) decreased BPO oxidation rate through reducing the formation of peroxyl and carbon-centered radicals. 250, 500 ppm PC from lecithin and 100, 250 ppm PE from cephalin possessed antioxidant abilities in BPO during Schaal oven test, demonstrating the results obtained with EPR.
The composition, herbicidal, larvicidal, and toxic activities of
Moench essential oil and sabinene, its main component, were evaluated. The seed germination percentage and root length of eight ...different plant species (crops and weeds) were measured for in vitro herbicidal activity tests. Different doses (100, 50, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 µg/mL) of the samples were applied to seeds for 120 h. The same doses were applied to test the toxicity of the samples on
(sludge worm) and
(blood worm). Four doses (435, 652.5, 870, and 1740) of samples were in a larvicidal test on
L. (mealworm), and bioassays were checked after 24 and 48 h. The analysis of the oil allowed for the identification of dominant components as sabinene (38.7%), α-pinene (10.0%), elemol (8.6%), γ-terpinene (8.3%), limonene (7.8%) and α-thujene (5.3%). The results showed that the effect of oil on root length inhibition was significant in all crop species. The doses which affected root growth were not toxic to
and
. Finally, the obtained results in the larvicidal bioassay indicate that the potential of
in yellow mealworm survivorship limitation can be a starting point for future research.
The article is devoted to one remarkable and dramatic, but still completely unknown combat episode from the history of the initial period of the Russo-Turkish war of 1768–1774, the battle at Migeya ...Tract in the summer of 1769 between two regiments of light cavalry of the Russian 2nd army and the vastly superior cavalry forces of the Crimean Khanate. As a result of the mistakes of their command and the fatal coincidence of a number of circumstances, the Russian regiments were surrounded by Tatars on the banks of the Southern Bug and tried to defend themselves in wagenburg. Despite of their fierce resistance, it was taken by storm, and most of the Russian detachment was destroyed. This was the last victory in history of the armed forces of the Crimean Khanate in a field battle. The tragedy at Migeya led to an official investigation of the surviving officers and lower ranks of the two defeated Russian regiments. The materials of their interrogations contain valuable factual and psychological details related to the events of that battle. The circumstances of the fighting at Migeya reflected both: some of the strengths of the armed forces of the Crimean Khanate in the last period of its existence, and natural shortcomings of semi-regular cavalry units guarding the borders of Russian Ukraine – Company Cossacks and settled lancers regiments. Also, the events at Migeya are a remarkable episode from the history of the command of General Count P.A. Rumyantsev of the Russian 2nd army in Ukraine in the campaign of 1769, and his reaction to what happened adds new details to his portrait as a commander and a human. The article is based on previously unpublished documents from the collections of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA). The most important of them, Rumyantsev’s report and an extract from the interrogations of the participants of that battle, are published in the appendix to the article.
Oliver Goldsmith arrived in England a penniless Irishman and toiled for years in the anonymity of Grub Street. Norma Clarke tells how this destitute scribbler became one of literary London's most ...celebrated authors, transmuting dark truths about the empire into fable and nostalgia whose undertow of Irish indignation remains just barely perceptible.
Griffin and Lappin discuss the Spanish source of Oliver Goldsmith's 'On a Beautiful Youth Struck Blind with Lightning.' In the first number of the Bee, published on 6 October 1759, following the ...author's introductory thoughts on the fate of his new magazine venture and the vagaries of readers' tastes, and preceding remarks on London theatres and materials translated from Boccaccio, Voltaire, and Justus Van Effen, Oliver Goldsmith (1728-74) included two quatrains, one translated from the Spanish into English, and one in Latin.