В статье рассматривается исторический парадокс – участие бывших и настоящих членов тайных декабристских обществ в подавлении петербургского восстания 14 декабря 1825 г. Так, бывший член Союза ...благоденствия адъютант Николая I полковник В. А. Перовский встречал на городской заставе великого князя Михаила Павловича, прибывшего из Варшавы с письмом от цесаревича Константина, а затем призывал на площадь верные императору войска. Другой адъютант, член того же союза полковник А. А. Кавелин, доставил в Зимний дворец юного цесаревича Александра Николаевича (будущего Александра II) и посетил от имени императора смертельно раненного генерал-губернатора Петербурга графа М. А. Милорадовича. Член Союза спасения и Союза благоденствия генерал С. П. Шипов командовал гвардейской бригадой и пытался не допустить присоединения Гвардейского экипажа к повстанцам. При подобной же попытке в лейб-гвардии Московском полку был ранен член Союза благоденствия полковник П. К. Хвощинский. Полковник лейб-гвардии Финляндского полка A. Ф. фон Моллер командовал в тот день караулами в Зимнем дворце, Адмиралтействе и Сенате. Офицеры-кавалергарды, члены петербургского филиала Южного общества И. А. Анненков, князь A. Н. Вяземский, H. H. Депрерадович, Д. А. Арцыбашев и член Северного общества А. М. Муравьев, а также участник обоих тайных обществ корнет лейб-гвардии Конного полка князь А. А. Суворов участвовали в кавалерийских атаках на повстанцев. Почему и как эти люди оказались в рядах противников своих товарищей по тайным обществам? Можно ли объяснить их действия банальным предательством? Принимали ли такое объяснение участники восстания? И как воспринял Николай I вскрывшиеся факты участия в тайных обществах офицеров, принявших его сторону в противостоянии 14 декабря? Ответы на эти вопросы предложены автором статьи.
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by enhanced angiogenesis resulting in poor prognosis despite improvements in diagnostic/therapeutic techniques. Here, we aimed at ...investigating potential roles of miR‐1825 enclosed in OSCC‐derived exosomes on angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions.
Methods
Effects of miR‐1825 mimic/inhibitor as well as hypoxia‐induced tumor derived exosomes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated using cell viability, migration/invasion, tube formation, and spheroid‐based 3D angiogenesis assays.
Results
Hypoxic conditions caused significant increase in miR‐1825 levels in OSCC cells and hiTDEs. miR‐1825 alone and within hiTDEs promoted endothelial cell viability, migration, invasion, and angiogenic potential, which is reversed via inhibition of miR‐1825 expression. miR‐1825 within hiTDEs altered the angiogenesis potential of HUVEC cells via deregulation of TSC2/mTOR axis.
Conclusions
We showed that hypoxia led to OSCC‐derived exosome mediated transfer of miR‐1825 to HUVECs and enhanced angiogenesis in OSCC in vitro.
Hardworking actor, playwright, and stage manager Harry Watkins (1825–94) was also a prolific diarist. For fifteen years Watkins regularly recorded the plays he saw, the roles he performed, the books ...he read, and his impressions of current events. Performing across the U.S., Watkins collaborated with preeminent performers and producers, recording his successes and failures as well as his encounters with celebrities such as P. T. Barnum, Junius Brutus Booth, Edwin Forrest, Anna Cora Mowatt, and Lucy Stone. His is the only known diary of substantial length and scope written by a U.S. actor before the Civil War—making Watkins, essentially, the antebellum equivalent of Samuel Pepys. Theater historians Amy E. Hughes and Naomi J. Stubbs have selected, edited, and annotated excerpts from the diary in an edition that offers a vivid glimpse of how ordinary people like Watkins lived, loved, struggled, and triumphed during one of the most tumultuous periods in U.S. history. The selections in A Player and a Gentleman are drawn from a more expansive digital archive of the complete diary. The book, like its digital counterpart, will richly enhance our knowledge of antebellum theater culture and daily life in the U.S. during this period.
This book focuses particular attention on the six-month interrogation of the doomed poet, and it provides a critical evaluation of Soviet interpretations and an assessment of Ryleev's historical ...significance.
Originally published in 1984.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Abstract This study investigates the sources of economic growth for Latin American economies. With two centuries of data and extended growth accounting methods, the study shows that poor total factor ...productivity (TFP) growth is the key to understanding Latin America's low economic growth relative to other economies. Using a functional form of TFP growth, based on second‐generation growth models, furthers analyses to show some empirical evidence for growth induced by R&D, knowledge spillovers, educational attainment and the distance to the frontier. However, the magnitude effect is very small and when compared to the OECD countries, the gap between the TFP growth generating factors is very substantial. An intricate policy structure should be implemented for Latin America to foster an environment that is conducive to aid permanent TFP and economic growth.
A definitive new volume of the retirement papers of
Thomas Jefferson This volume's 601 documents show
Jefferson dealing with various challenges. He is injured in a fall
at Monticello, and his arm is ...still in a sling months later when he
narrowly escapes drowning during a solitary horseback ride.
Jefferson obtains temporary financial relief by transferring a
$20,000 debt from the Bank of the United States to the College of
William and Mary. Aided by a review of expenditures by the
University of Virginia that uncovers no serious discrepancies,
Jefferson and the Board of Visitors obtain a further $60,000 loan
that permits construction to begin on the Rotunda. Jefferson drafts
but apparently does not send John Adams a revealing letter on
religion. He exchanges long letters discussing the Supreme Court
with Justice William Johnson, and he writes to friends about
France's 1823 invasion of Spain. Jefferson also helps prepare a
list of recommended books for the Albemarle Library Society. In
November 1822, Jefferson's grandson Francis Eppes marries Mary
Elizabeth Randolph. He gives the newlyweds his mansion at Poplar
Forest and visits it for the last time the following May. In a
letter to James Monroe, Jefferson writes and then cancels "my race
is near it's term, and not nearer, I assure you, than I wish."
In From Victory to Peace , Elise Kimerling Wirtschafter
brings the Russian perspective to a critical moment in European
political history.
This history of Russian diplomatic thought in the years ...after
the Congress of Vienna concerns a time when Russia and Emperor
Alexander I were fully integrated into European society and
politics. Wirtschafter looks at how Russia's statesmen who served
Alexander I across Europe, in South America, and in Constantinople
represented the Russian monarch's foreign policy and sought to act
in concert with the allies.
Based on archival and published sources-diplomatic
communications, conference protocols, personal letters, treaty
agreements, and the periodical press-this book illustrates how
Russia's policymakers and diplomats responded to events on the
ground as the process of implementing peace unfolded.
Thanks to generous funding from the Sustainable History
Monograph Pilot and the Mellon Foundation the ebook editions of
this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes from Cornell
Open (cornellopen.org) and other Open Access repositories.
A new definitive volume of the retirement papers of
Thomas Jefferson This volume's 627 documents feature a
vast assortment of topics. Jefferson writes of his dread of "a
doting old age." He inserts ...an anonymous note in the Richmond
Enquirer denying that he has endorsed a candidate for the next
presidential election, and he publishes two letters in that
newspaper under his own name to refute a Federalist claim that he
once benefited by overcharging the United States Treasury.
Jefferson does not reply to unsolicited letters seeking his opinion
on constitutional matters, judicial review, and a call for
universal white male suffrage in Virginia. Fearing that it would
set a dangerous precedent, he declines appointment as patron of a
new society "for the civilisation of the Indians." Jefferson is
also asked to comment on proposed improvements to stoves,
lighthouses, telescopes, and navigable balloons. Citing his
advanced age and stiffened wrist, he avoids detailed replies and
allows his complaint to John Adams about the volume of incoming
correspondence to be leaked to the press in hopes that strangers
will stop deluging them both with letters. Jefferson approves of
the growth of Unitarianism and predicts that "there is not a young
man now living in the US. who will not die an Unitarian."
