Reiss uses P. T. Barnum's Joice Heth hoax to examine the race relations in the antebellum North. Barnum's first exhibit as a showman, Heth was an enslaved woman said to be the 161-year-old former ...nurse of the infant George Washington. The newly emerging commercial press turned her act into one of the first media spectacles in American history.
Historians have traditionally viewed the Creek War of 1836 as a minor police action centered on rounding up the Creek Indians for removal to Indian Territory. Using extensive archival research, John ...T. Ellisor demonstrates that in fact the Second Creek War was neither brief nor small. Indeed, armed conflict continued long after peace was declared and the majority of Creeks had been sent west. Ellisor's study also broadly illuminates southern society just before the Indian removals, a time when many blacks, whites, and Natives lived in close proximity in the Old Southwest. In the Creek country, also called New Alabama, these ethnic groups began to develop a pluralistic society. When the 1830s cotton boom placed a premium on Creek land, however, dispossession of the Natives became an economic priority. Dispossessed and impoverished, some Creeks rose in armed revolt both to resist removal west and to drive the oppressors from their ancient homeland. Yet the resulting Second Creek War that raged over three states was fueled both by Native determination and by economic competition and was intensified not least by the massive government-sponsored land grab that constituted Indian removal. Because these circumstances also created fissures throughout southern society, both whites and blacks found it in their best interests to help the Creek insurgents. This first book-length examination of the Second Creek War shows how interethnic collusion and conflict characterized southern society during the 1830s.
Remember the Alamo! reverberates through Texas history and culture, but what exactly are we remembering? Over nearly two centuries, the Mexican victory over an outnumbered band of Alamo defenders has ...been transformed into an American victory for the love of liberty. Why did the historical battle of 1836 undergo this metamorphosis in memory and mythology to become such a potent master symbol in Texan and American culture? In this probing book, Richard Flores seeks to answer that question by examining how the Alamo’s transformation into an American cultural icon helped to shape social, economic, and political relations between Anglo and Mexican Texans from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. In the first part of the book, he looks at how the attempts of heritage society members and political leaders to define the Alamo as a place have reflected struggles within Texas society over the place and status of Anglos and Mexicans. In the second part, he explores how Alamo movies and the transformation of Davy Crockett into an Alamo hero/martyr have advanced deeply racialized, ambiguous, and even invented understandings of the past.
This book publishes Martin Legassick's influential doctoral thesis on the preindustrial South African frontier zone of Transorangia. The impressive formation of the Griqua states in the first half of ...the nineteenth century outside the borders of the Cape Colony and their relations with Sotho-Tswana polities, frontiersmen, missionaries and the British administration of the Cape take centre stage in the analysis. The Griqua, of mixed settler and indigenous descent, secured hegemony in a frontier of complex partnerships and power struggles. The author's subsequent critique of the "frontier tradition" in South African historiography drew on the insights he had gained in writing this dissertation. It served to initiate the debate about the importance of the precolonial frontier situation in South Africa for the establishment of ideas of race, the development of racial prejudice and, implicitly, the creation of segregationist and apartheid systems. Today, the constructed histories of "Griqua" and other categories of indigeneity have re emerged in South Africa as influential tools of political mobilisation and claims on resources.
As Mexican soldiers fought the mostly Anglo-American colonists and volunteers at the Alamo in 1836, San Antonio's Tejano population was caught in the crossfire, both literally and symbolically. ...Though their origins were in Mexico, the Tejanos had put down lasting roots in Texas and did not automatically identify with the Mexican cause. Indeed, as the accounts in this new collection demonstrate, their strongest allegiance was to their fellow San Antonians, with whom they shared a common history and a common plight as war raged in their hometown. Timothy M. Matovina here gathers all known Tejano accounts of the Battle of the Alamo. These accounts consist of first reports of the battle, including Juan N. Seguín's funeral oration at the interment ceremony of the Alamo defenders, conversations with local Tejanos, unpublished petitions and depositions, and published accounts from newspapers and other sources. This communal response to the legendary battle deepens our understanding of the formation of Mexican American consciousness and identity.
Passive acoustic monitoring usually generates large datasets that require machine learning algorithms to scan sound files, although the complexity of developing machine learning algorithms can be a ...barrier. We assessed the ability and speed of two user-friendly machine learning tools, Kaleidoscope Pro and BirdNET, for detecting the American toad ( Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)) in sound recordings. We developed a two-step approach, combining both tools to maximize species detection while minimizing the time needed for output verification. When considered separately, Kaleidoscope Pro successfully detected the American toad in 85.9% of recordings in the validation dataset, while BirdNET detected the species in 58.4% of recordings. Combining the two tools in the two-step approach increased the detection rate to 93.3%. We applied the two-step approach to a large acoustic dataset ( n = 6194 recordings). We started by scanning the dataset using Kaleidoscope Pro (species detected in 417 recordings), then we used BirdNET on the remaining recordings without confirmed presence. The two-step approach reduced the scanning time, the time needed for output verification, and added 37 additional species detections in 45 min. Our findings highlight that combining machine learning tools can improve species detectability while minimizing time and effort.
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The spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836), is one of the most important pests of strawberry production systems worldwide. Because plant resistance is an important integrated ...management strategy, the present study investigated the effects of 12 strawberry genotypes on the biological characteristics of this pest under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2 °C and RH 60 ± 10%; 12:12-hour photophase). The experiment was carried using 12 treatments (genotypes), divided into 20 replications each, in a completely randomized design. The response variables were the biological parameters of the spider mite and its survival rate. The development and survival of T. urticae were influenced by different strawberry genotypes. The Camarosa cultivar together with genotypes Selection 05 and 2017-04-03 negatively affected the development and survival of T. urticae. The Selection 02 genotype had greatest susceptibility to the spider mite, which allowed fast development and high survival rate. The reproductive parameters of T. urticae were affected differently as a function of the strawberry genotype, with the Camarosa cultivar and the genotypes Selection 05 and 2017-04-03 being unfavorable to development, suggesting a possible resistance based on antibiosis.
RESUMO: O ácaro-rajado, Tetranychus urticae (KOCH, 1836), é uma das pragas mais importantes dos sistemas de produção de morangos em todo o mundo. Considerando a resistência de plantas como importante estratégia de manejo integrado, o presente estudo investigou os efeitos de 12 genótipos nas características biológicas desta praga, em condições de laboratório (25 ± 2 °C e UR 60 ± 10%; fotofase de 12 horas). O experimento foi realizado em condições de Laboratório sendo utilizado 12 tratamentos (genótipos), divididos em 20 repetições cada, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As variáveis resposta foram os parâmetros biológicos do ácaro-rajado e taxa de sobrevivência. O desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência de T. urticae foram influenciados pelos diferentes genótipos de morangueiro. A cultivar Camarosa junto ao genótipo Seleção 05 e 2017-04-03 afetaram negativamente o desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência de T. urticae. O genótipo Seleção 02 demonstrou maior suscetibilidade ao ácaro-rajado, o qual apresentou rápido desenvolvimento e elevada taxa de sobrevivência. Conclui-se que os parâmetros reprodutivos de T. urticae são afetados em função do genótipo de morangueiro, sendo ‘Camarosa’ e os genótipos Seleção 05 e 2017-04-03 desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento, sugerindo uma possível resistência do tipo antibiose.
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"Comprehensive"--Booklist; "comprehensive...easy-to-use, well organized"--Choice; "first-rate...accurate, readable, and comprehensive"--ARBA. This comprehensive encyclopedia provides thorough ...coverage for people, places, events, and issues spanning the pre-Revolution period and settlement of Texas by Americans to the forming of the Republic in 1836.
How the forgotten case of murder while sleepwalking changed history After creeping out of bed on a frigid January night in 1832, teenage farmhand Abraham Prescott took up an ax and thrashed his ...sleeping employers to the brink of death. He later explained that he'd attacked Sally and Chauncey Cochran in his sleep. The Cochrans eventually recovered but-to the astonishment of their neighbors-kept Prescott on, somehow accepting his strange story.This decision would come back to haunt them. While picking strawberries with Sally in an isolated field the following summer, Prescott used a fence post to violently kill the young mother. His explanation was again the same; he told Chauncey he'd fallen asleep and the next thing he knew, Sally was dead. Prescott's attorneys would use both a sleepwalking claim and an insanity plea in his defense, despite the historically dismal success rates of these arguments. In the two murder trials that followed, Prescott was convicted and sentenced to death both times.Prescott's crime has landmark significance, however, notably because many believed the boy was mentally ill and should never have been executed. The case also highlights the discriminatory role class plays in the American justice system.Using contemporaneous accounts as well as information from other insanity and sleepwalking defenses, author Leslie Lambert Rounds reconstructs the crime and raises important questions about privilege, societal discrimination against the mentally ill and the disadvantaged, and the unfortunate secondary role of women in history.
