Shortly after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese Imperial Army invaded the Dutch East Indies, now known as Indonesia. A deceitful campaign promoting Asian brotherhood recruited and coerced young Indonesian ...men to support the Japanese occupation with the sinister outcome that several million of them were worked to death or summarily killed as expendable slave laborers, orromusha, as they were called.
While many romusha disappeared from the record, nine hundred were known victims of a brutal and immoral medical experiment perpetuated by an increasingly desperate Imperial Japan. In anticipation of a land assault, the Japanese needed a means to protect their troops from tetanus, and they used these nine hundred men as human guinea pigs to test an insufficiently vetted vaccine. Within days, all nine hundred suffered the protracted, agonizing death of acute tetanus.
With the Allied forces poised for victory, the Japanese needed a scapegoat for this well-documented incident if they were to avoid war-crimes prosecution. They brutally tortured Achmad Mochtar, a native Indonesian and renowned scientist, along with his colleagues at the Eijkman Institute in Batavia (now Jakarta), until Mochtar signed a confession to the murders in exchange for the liberty of his fellow scientists. The Japanese beheaded Mochtar weeks before the war ended.War Crimes in Japan-Occupied Indonesiaunravels the deceit of the Japanese Army, the reasons for the mass murder of the romusha, and Mochtar's heroic role in these tragic events. The end result finds justice for Mochtar and reveals the true extent of one of the least recognized war crimes of World War II.
In the early 1930's, the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) organized large numbers of Black and Hispanic workers through a broadly conceived program of education, culture, and ...community involvement. The ILGWU admitted these new members, the overwhelming majority of whom were women, into racially integrated local unions and created structures to celebrate ethnic differences. All Together Different revolves around this phenomenon of interracial union building and worker education during the Great Depression.Investigating why immigrant Jewish unionists in the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) appealed to an international force of coworkers, Katz traces their ideology of a working-class based cultural pluralism, which Daniel Katz newly terms mutual culturalism, back to the revolutionary experiences of Russian Jewish women. These militant women and their male allies constructed an ethnic identity derived from Yiddish socialist tenets based on the principle of autonomous national cultures in the late nineteenth century Russian Empire. Built on original scholarship and bolstered by exhaustive research, All Together Different offers a fresh perspective on the nature of ethnic identity and working-class consciousness and contributes to current debates about the origins of multiculturalism.
Esta es la primera traducción al castellano de una obra clave de la lingüística rusa de principios del siglo XX. Aquí, Lev Jakubinskij contribuye a conceptualizar la idea del lenguaje humano como ...actividad, define la noción de diálogo y formula los principios de su estudio, abriendo así los nuevos campos de la lingüística funcional y de la lingüística del habla. Algunos investigadores coinciden en que este trabajo no solo influyó en los desarrollos conceptuales de Valentín Voloshinov y Lev Vygotskij, sino que en su análisis del diálogo se anticipó a las corrientes lingüísticas que, recién en los años 60, estudiaron los intercambios verbales en Occidente. Por esta razón, Jakubinskij ofrece un marco epistemológico contemporáneo y propicio para entender las problemáticas actuales de la diversidad lingüística y de la diversidad funcional de las lenguas. Esta traducción propone a los investigadores en ciencias del lenguaje y de la comunicación, en análisis del discurso y sociología del lenguaje, un abordaje metodológico hacia las cuestiones inherentes a la enseñanza de las lenguas y a la comprensión de los problemas de la comunicación humana.
Banach in Kraków: A Case Reopened Ciesielska, Danuta; Ciesielski, Krzysztof
The Mathematical intelligencer,
09/2013, Letnik:
35, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Stefan Banach is regarded as the best Polish mathematician in history. Almost all his mathematical results were obtained in Lvov, where he worked after 1920. Nevertheless, he spent his youth in ...Krakow, and there in 1919 he took part in an event that was very important to Polish mathematics. Regaining Poland's independence at the end of World War I created favorable conditions for the establishment of national learned societies. On Apr 2, 1919, a special meeting of mathematicians was convened in Krakow in the building at No 12 St Anne Street that housed the Mathematics Seminar of the Jagiellonian University: Krakow mathematicians had decided to establish a Mathematical Society in their town to advance pure and applied mathematics. Here, Ciesielska and Ciesielska recall the famous story about "the discovery" of Banach's Planty Park in Krakow.
A significant part of Lee Miller's photographic work of 1945 focuses on Nazi environments. This paper argues that in these photographs Miller composed images that destabilised Nazi iconographies and ...explored the breakdown of Nazi aesthetic representations. Focusing on two of her photographs from this period - Suicided Staff Officer of the Bürgermeister, Town Hall, Leipzig and Suicides in the Town Hall, Leipzig - the essay explores how these photographs constituted interventions into Nazism's discursive and ideological positioning of art and representation, analysing them in relation to fashion, advertising, and dada and surrealist traditions. By contrasting Miller's pictures with photographs of the same scenes by Margaret Bourke-White and J. Malan Heslop, the paper argues that Miller's images offer composed scenes rather than straightforward documentation and involve the viewer in a philosophical, analytical and artistic discourse that destabilises and opposes the assertion by fascist and other oppressive ideologies that the link between representation and reality is flawless and natural. Miller's photographs from 1945 offer a complex response to these aesthetic tools and to art, including photography, and its roles in the wider ideological emphasis on representation in the fascist Weltanschauung. This presents a world that is evident in Nazism's staging of its ideologically motivated exhibitions, the Grosse Deutsche Kunstausstellung (The Great German Art Exhibition) and Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art), which attempted to demolish and deem 'degenerate' work by modern artists including a number of Miller's friends such as Picasso and Max Ernst. Miller adopts dada and surrealist discourses, allusions and aesthetic strategies to support the avant-garde aesthetics National Socialism sought to destroy.
Bernhard A. Böhmer (1892-1945) gehörte zu den vier Kunsthändlern, die mit dem Verkauf der 1937 in deutschen Museen als "entartet" beschlagnahmten Kunstwerke beauftragt waren. Dokumente weisen jedoch ...darauf hin, dass bei Böhmer in Güstrow nicht nur die offiziell über ihn "verwerteten" Kunstwerke lagerten. Heute befinden sich im Kulturhistorischen Museum in Rostock noch rund sechshundert Werke, von denen im Sommer 2008 erstmals ein großer Teil ausgestellt wurde. Der aus diesem Anlass wissenschaftlich erfasste Bestand wird gemeinsam mit Rückgaben und ungeklärten Fällen in der begleitenden Publikation vollständig katalogisiert.
RésuméDurant les années 1920, en Russie, le dialogue a émergé comme un objet d’étude en soi. La construction théorique de cet objet est décrite pour la première fois de façon complète dans un essai ...de Lev Petrovi? Jakubinskij (Iakoubinski), linguiste et pédagogue (1892-1945), essai marqué par une approche résolument pluridisciplinaire. Elle reprend aux philosophes et psychologues allemands la notion d’aperception, jugée importante pour l’établissement d’une science empirique des représentations individuelles et collectives, notion qui avait, dès les années 1860, fait l’objet d’une réélaboration dans le champ de la linguistique. L’aperception vue comme intégration d’une expérience nouvelle à l’ensemble des expériences passées est considérée par Jakubinskij comme l’une des bases fondamentales du dialogue, forme naturelle de l’interaction verbale.
The literature currently offers no consistent narrative about economic development on Europe's southeastern periphery prior to 1945. Did per capita GNP in the Balkans converge with the rest of ...Europe? We present new GNP estimates for Bulgaria for 1892–1911 and link these with a new degree of precision to the data available for the 1920s. Our data reveal stagnation in per capita GNP from 1879 to the 1930s. But within agriculture we find evidence for a new phase of intensification from the 1920s onwards. The preconditions for growth, sometimes attributed to Communism, were in place well before 1945.
RÉSUMÉ : Nous présentons et donnons ici en traduction française des extraits d'un article fondateur pour l'étude du dialogue en Russie, O dialogiceskoj reci de Lev Jakubinskij (1923). Jakubinskij y ...définit ce qui fonde la diversité fonctionnelle du langage, puis envisage dans le détail la corrélation des interactions humaines et langagières, enfin, il démontre le caractère naturel du dialogue vs le caractère artificiel du monologue et définit le facteur aperceptif de la perception. Ce texte, à la croisée de réflexions transdisciplinaires, a exercé un impact considérable sur les conceptions du dialogue en Russie.
ABSTRACT : This paper introduces and gives a French translation of excerpts from a text by Lev Jakubinskij, O dialogiceskoj reci (1923), which has proved to be fundamental for the research about dialogue in Russia. Jakubinskij describes the foundations of the functional diversity of language, examines the correlation between human and speech diversity, and then demonstrates the natural character of dialogue vs the artificial one of monologue and defines the a- perceptive moment in perception. Jakubinskij 's text, in which mingle reflections from several scientific domains, has exerted a substantial influence on dialogue studies in Russia.
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