This book draws on hundreds of letters by students, parents, and school officials to explore American Indian, specifically Ojibwa, perspectives of the boarding school experience in the period from ...1900-1940. The three institutions studied are Haskell Institute (Kansas), Flandreau School (South Dakota), and Pipestone School (Minnesota). Chapter 1 gives a brief history of Indian boarding schools. Chapter 2 reviews how Indians were defrauded into poverty, leaving boarding schools the only option for Indian parents who wanted their children's basic needs met. Chapter 3 describes the most objectionable acculturation tactics, such as name changes, hair cuts, and uniforms, and the often poor conditions at the schools. In 1928, the Meriam Report confirmed parents' complaints, finding that the government boarding schools were inadequate and overcrowded; they needlessly separated families; and students were often malnourished, sick, insufficiently clothed, overworked, harshly punished, and poorly trained. Chapter 4 addresses the homesickness that resulted from the assimilationist policy of keeping students at school until their terms of study had expired. Chapter 5 describes how tuberculosis, trachoma, and other serious diseases flourished in the overcrowded schools, and were carried to the reservations by returning students. Chapter 6 relates how so-called vocational education was actually labor for the school and left little time for academic education. The "outing program," touted as vocational education, was a plan for hiring out boys for odd jobs and girls for domestic service. Reforms following the Meriam Report resulted in improved vocational training. Chapter 7 describes running away as a common reaction to school inadequacies, and the harsh measures schools used to combat it. The postgraduate lives of boarding school students are examined in the conclusion. Four appendices cover enrollment statistics (Red Lake students who attended nonreservation schools circa 1929; Flandreau enrollment figures, 1893-1939; Flandreau enrollment distributions by tribe and state, 1937-38; and Haskell Institute cemetery burials by tribal name on tombstone. Contains photographs, notes, a bibliography, and an index. (TD)
Everyday reading Chasar, Mike
2012., 20121113, 2012, 2012-11-13
eBook
Exploring poetry scrapbooks, old-time radio show recordings, advertising verse, corporate archives, and Hallmark greeting cards, among other unconventional sources, Mike Chasar casts American poetry ...as an everyday phenomenon consumed and created by a vast range of readers. He shows how American poetry in the first half of the twentieth century and its reception helped set the stage for the dynamics of popular culture and mass media today. Poetry was then part and parcel of American popular culture, spreading rapidly as the consumer economy expanded and companies exploited its profit-making potential. Poetry also offered ordinary Americans creative, emotional, political, and intellectual modes of expression, whether through scrapbooking, participation in radio programs, or poetry contests. Reenvisioning the uses of twentieth-century poetry, Chasar provides a richer understanding of the innovations of modernist and avant-garde poets and the American reading public's sophisticated powers of feeling and perception.
During the period 1900–1940 novels and poems in the UK and US were subject to strict forms of censorship and control because of their representation of sex and sexuality. At the same time, however, ...writers were more interested than ever before in writing about sex and excrement, incorporating obscene slang words into literary texts, and exploring previously uncharted elements of the modern psyche. This book explores the far-reaching literary, legal, and philosophical consequences of this historical conflict between law and literature. Alongside the famous prosecutions of D. H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow and James Joyce’s Ulysses huge numbers of novels and poems were altered by publishers and printers because of concerns about prosecution. Far from curtailing the writing of obscenity, however, censorship seemed to stimulate writers to explore it further. During the period covered by this book novels and poems became more experimentally obscene, and writers were intensely interested in discussing the author’s rights to free speech, the nature of obscenity, and the proper parameters of literature. Literature, seen as a dangerous form of corruption by some, was identified with sexual liberation by others. While legislators tried to protect UK and US borders from obscene literature, modernist publishers and writers gravitated abroad, a development that prompted writers to defend the international rights of banned authors and books. While the period 1900–1940 was one of the most heavily policed in the history of literature, it was also the time when the parameters of literature opened up and writers seriously questioned the rights of nation states to control the production and dissemination of literature.
This volume centres on one of the most dramatic periods of Italian History: 1900-1945. It examines the crisis of the liberal state as it undergoes a process of significant transformation, which ...starts with a process of modernization and leads to the totalitarian fascist state. Lyttelton and his international team discuss the social and moral conflicts resulting from modernisation, the two world wars and the fascist regime, considering the issues from both national and international standpoints. The discussion includes the developments and impact of the changes on religion, literature, and the visual arts.
In the period 1900-1940 the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Switzerland reacted in divergent ways to the same foreign military threats. This volume argues that their internal politics and ...politico-military strategic culture are vital keys to understanding those differences.
Sojourners and settlers Petroff, Lillian
Sojourners and settlers,
c1995, 19950731, 1995, 2000
eBook
Macedonians started immigrating to Canada in the late 1800s, yet the community has never had its history recorded - until now. Lillian Petroff, in her book Sojourners and Settlers, has remedied that ...omission in an informative and enjoyable manner. She charts the settlement patterns, living and working conditions, religious life, and political activity of Macedonians in Toronto from the early twentieth century to the Second World War.
The first Macedonians who came to Toronto lived an almost isolated existence in a distinct set of neighbourhoods that were centred around their church, stores, and boarding houses. They moved with little awareness of the city-at-large since the needs of their families in the old country and political events in their homeland were much more important to them than developments in Toronto and Canada. A greater interest in Canada began to take root only after Macedonians began to think less like sojourners and more like settlers. This transition was often accompanied by a move from bachelorhood to marriage and from industrial labour to individual entrepreneurial activities.
Employing a wealth of primary written and oral source material, Petroff tells the remarkable story of the men and women who laid the foundation for what would become a significant community in the Toronto area, which today represents the largest community of Macedonians outside the Balkans.
Blood and Homeland Turda, Marius; Weindling, Paul J
2006, 20061110, 2006-11-10, 20070101
eBook
The history of eugenics and racial nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe is a neglected topic of analysis in contemporary scholarship. The 20 essays in this volume, written by distinguished ...scholars of eugenics and fascism alongside a new generation of scholars, excavate the hitherto unknown eugenics movements in Central and Southeast Europe, including Austria and Germany. Eugenics and racial nationalism are topics that have constantly been marginalized and rated as incompatible with local national traditions in Central and Southeast Europe. These topics receive a new treatment here. On the one hand, the historiographic perspective connects developments in the history of anthropology and eugenics with political ideologies such as racial nationalism and anti-Semitism; on the other hand, it contests the 'Sonderweg' approach adopted by scholars dealing with these issues.
