Uno de los pilares fundamentales del sistema político autoritario imperante en México durante gran parte del siglo XX fue un intenso discurso nacionalista, caracterizada entre otros aspectos por una ...interpretación determinada de la historia del país. El presente trabajo propone una aproximación a las diferentes visiones que la prensa escrita mexicana ofreció entre 1968 y 1976 en torno a la revolución de 1910 como argumento del nacionalismo gubernamental. Analizaremos para ello artículos publicados por dos medios (el diario El Nacional y el semanario Siempre!) en tres hitos concretos de este marco cronológico (finales de 1968, 1973 y finales de 1976) para explorar la existencia de diferentes puntos de vista sobre esta cuestión. Las divergencias encontradas, con enfoques tanto oficialistas como críticos, pueden relacionarse con la compleja realidad mexicana de estos años, marcada por hitos como el movimiento estudiantil de 1968 o la “apertura democrática”.
Between 1876 and 1945, thousands of Japanese civilians—merchants, traders, prostitutes, journalists, teachers, and adventurers—left their homeland for a new life on the Korean peninsula. Although ...most migrants were guided primarily by personal profit and only secondarily by national interest, their mundane lives and the state’s ambitions were inextricably entwined in the rise of imperial Japan. Despite having formed one of the largest colonial communities in the twentieth century, these settlers and their empire-building activities have all but vanished from the public memory of Japan’s presence in Korea. Drawing on previously unused materials in multi-language archives, Jun Uchida looks behind the official organs of state and military control to focus on the obscured history of these settlers, especially the first generation of “pioneers" between the 1910s and 1930s who actively mediated the colonial management of Korea as its grassroots movers and shakers. By uncovering the downplayed but dynamic role played by settler leaders who operated among multiple parties—between the settler community and the Government-General, between Japanese colonizer and Korean colonized, between colony and metropole—this study examines how these “brokers of empire" advanced their commercial and political interests while contributing to the expansionist project of imperial Japan.
Charles Olson was an important force behind the raucous, explicit, jaunty style of much of twentieth-century poetry in America. This study makes a major contribution to our understanding of his life ...and work. Paul Christensen draws upon a wide variety of source materials—from letters, unpublished essays, and fragments and sketches from the Olson Archives to the full range of Olson's published prose and poetry. Under Christensen's critical examination, Olson emerges as a stunning theorist and poet, whose erratic and often unfinished writings obscured his provocative intellect and the coherence of his perspective on the arts. Soon after World War II, Olson emerged as one of America's leading poets with his revolutionary document on poetics, "Projective Verse," and his now-classic poem, "The Kingfishers," both of which declared a new set of techniques for verse composition. Throughout the 1950s Olson wrote many polemical essays on literature, history, aesthetics, and philosophy that outlined a new stance to experience he called objectism. A firm advocate of spontaneous self-expression in the arts, Olson regarded the poet's return to an intense declaration of individuality as a force to combat the decade's insistence on conformity. Throughout his life Olson fought against the depersonalization of the artist in the modern age; his resources, raw verve and unedited tumultuous lyricism, were weapons he used against generalized life and identity. This volume begins with an overview of Olson's life from his early years as a student at Harvard through his short-lived political career, his rectorship at Black Mountain College, and his retirement to Gloucester to finish writing the Maximus poems. Christensen provides a systematic review of Olson's prose works, including a close examination of his brilliant monograph on Melville, Call Me Ishmael. Considerable attention is devoted to Olson's theory of projectivism, the themes and techniques of his short poems, and the strategies and content of his major work, the Maximus series. In addition, there is a critical survey of the works of Robert Creeley, Robert Duncan, Denise Levertov, Paul Blackburn, and other poets who show Olson's influence in their own innovative, self-exploratory poetry.
Heinz Kraschutzki grew up wishing to join the Imperial German Navy's officer ranks. Yet after his service in the First World War he first joined the communist Bremerhaven Soldiers' Council before ...becoming a radical pacifist until his death. Using archive materials, this article highlights his extraordinary life, giving special attention to how a stateless ex-kapitänleutnant was freed from a Spanish prison by the British government, and examining the relationship he developed with his officer classmates (Crew comrades). Generally, 'Crews' produced bonds of friendship, but they also had the power to isolate or defame. This article also gives insights into the political cosmos of German naval officers.
After peaking around the mid-eighteenth century, grain market integration in China declined by a colossal 80 percent amid a twofold increase in population and remained at low levels for well over a ...century. Markets only resumed their growth momentum after the largest peasant revolt—the Taiping Rebellion—wiped out roughly one-sixth of the Chinese population starting 1851. This U-shaped pattern of grain market integration distinguished China from Europe in their trajectories of market development. Using grain prices to divide China into grain-deficit and grainsurplus regions, we find that the negative relationship between population growth and market integration originated from the grain-surplus-cum-exporting regions.
The maximum entropy (Maxent) model was used to predict the distribution of Persian leopards and wild sheep in the Tang-e-Sayad protected area in Iran. For this purpose, eight variables, as well as 30 ...occurrence points of leopard and 98 points of wild sheep, were used. Two techniques, density-based occurrence points thinning and performance-based predictor variables selection were used to improve the results of the model. The model results were analyzed based on four threshold limit-based statistics (sensitivity, specificity, kappa and true skill statistics) and area under the curve (AUC), followed by determining the relative importance of variables based on the jackknife procedure. The results of threshold limit-based statistics revealed that the success of the model for distribution prediction of leopard and wild sheep were good and relatively good, respectively. According to the jackknife procedure, for wild sheep and for leopard, slope and distance to road, respectively, were the most important predictor variables. The results also indicated that the efficiency of the model did not improve by reducing the density of occurrence points for the wild sheep (AUC=0.784–0.773). However, the selection of predictor variables slightly improved the performance of the model (AUC=0.794–0.819). The results of the study also showed overlapping habitat for two species due to both human and ecological reasons for which we proposed some conservation actions such as excluding domestic grazing, controlling illegal poaching and restoration of old migratory corridors.
Civilization and madness; community and class; bureaucracy, corruption, and revolution--these essays range from social history to political history and the history of ideas, and all take a strong ...interpretive stand. Together they make a major contribution to the scholarship on sixteenth-century and seventeenth-century Europe.
In this study of Christian Science and the culture in which it
arose, Amy B. Voorhees emphasizes Mary Baker Eddy's foundational
religious text, Science and Health with Key to the
Scriptures . ...Assessing the experiences of everyday adherents
after Science and Health 's appearance in 1875, Voorhees
shows how Christian Science developed a dialogue with both
mainstream and alternative Christian theologies. Viewing God's
benevolent allness as able to heal human afflictions
through prayer, Christian Science emerged as an anti-mesmeric,
restorationist form of Christianity that interpreted the Bible and
approached emerging modern medicine on its own terms. Voorhees
traces a surprising story of religious origins, cultural
conversations, and controversies. She contextualizes Christian
Science within a wide swath of cultural and religious movements,
showing how Eddy and her followers interacted regularly with
Baptists, Methodists, Congregationalists, Catholics, Jews, New
Thought adherents, agnostics, and Theosophists. Influences flowed
in both directions, but Voorhees argues that Christian Science was
distinct not only organizationally, as scholars have long viewed
it, but also theologically, a singular expression of Christianity
engaging modernity with an innovative, healing rationale.
