My dissertation titled "Mambos, Priestesses, and Goddesses: Spiritual Healing Through Vodou in Black Women's Narratives of Haiti and New Orleans" reclaims the practice of Vodou as an integral African ...spiritual tradition through fiction by black women writers. I discuss how the examination of Vodou necessitates the revision of colonial history, serves as an impetus for reevaluating the literary representation of the black female migrant subject, and gives voice to communities silenced by systemic oppression. I parallel novels by contemporary women writers such as Erna Brodber, Jewell Parker Rhodes and Edwidge Danticat with Zora Neale Hurston's ethnographic research in the early twentieth century in order to examine how Vodou is utilized as a literary trope that challenges racist, stereotypical representations of African spirituality in American popular culture. It is also an examination of the shared socio-cultural history between Haiti and New Orleans that coincides with political and environmental changes. Although Vodou has been disparaged as primitive magic, my work demonstrates its profound social, cultural, and political significance; and its important transformations from a nineteenth-century practice to a twenty-first century strategy of survival.
Benet's treatment of the Faust theme in his short story and film adaptation is unique in its dramatization of "the conflict between the Powers of Darkness and the powers of an American statesman" ...(Stroud 117) to demonstrate the range and depth of the myth: "The story's several thematic elements and wide range of tone, from the prevailing broad Yankee humor to the notes of pathos and even nobility, are combined in a superlative tale that comes to far more than humorous fantasy; it is a classic American fable" (117). Benet's highly original linkage of the Faust theme to the real life yet mythic figure of Daniel Webster in The Devil and Daniel Webster contextualizes the sociopolitical crisis of the Depression and World War II within the genre conventions of Dieterle's noir stylistics, thus demonstrating the polymorphic quality of the Faust legend.
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The quest to understand the relationship between the human brain's anatomy, self-awareness, and behavior has led to the development of a field known as cognitive neuroscience. The increasing ...popularization of neuroscience has inspired a sub-genre of literature which addresses the complexities of self-consciousness. The novelists of this study--Tom Robbins, Kurt Vonnegut, Don DeLillo, William Hjortsberg, and Joseph McElroy--provide a neurologically-based cultural analysis in sophisticated literary forms. They are largely concerned with the increasingly apparent schism between the previously-dominant psychoanalytic approach to human behavior and the emerging, primarily biological study of the mind. Their novels--neurotexts--demonstrate an awareness of the brain's biological processes and reject many psychology-based behavioral theories. Neurotexts establish direct links between neuroscience and character behaviors, motivations, and relationships, attributing actions to the interaction of anatomical, biological, and environmental conditions. Neuroscience can be used to explain unusual narrative structures or structural relationships within their novels. The authors of neurotexts have argued that neurology-based theories address the complexity of human behavior more thoroughly than Freudian models. Tom Robbins attacks psychoanalysis in Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1976), explaining human behavior with twentieth-century interpretations of Darwin's theory of natural selection. In Galapagos (1985), Kurt Vonnegut attributes behavior to cerebral evolution and individual responses to environmental conditions. Don DeLillo's Ratner's Star (1976) and White Noise (1984) are novels whose forms and plots are built upon the conflicts between different sets of cerebral structures in the brain. Rather than using psychoanalytic theories to explain his characters' behaviors, DeLillo attributes behavior to differences between the left and right hemispheres' information processing tendencies; he also contrasts the responses of the hypothalamic, limbic, and hemispheric structures to environmental stimuli. William Hjortsberg rejects Freud's legacy in Gray Matters (1971), explaining the relationship of human behavior to environmental influences and anatomical development. Hjortsberg also applies these theories while discussing the formation of societies and social interaction. In Plus (1976), Joseph McElroy demonstrates the connections between physiological growth and increased cognitive capabilities in an isolated environment, relying upon neuroanatomy to explain human consciousness.
Director Parker uses images drawn from the Satanic and occult tradition, including pentagrams, hexagrams, imagery drawn from the Black Mass ceremony, and a host of other visual symbols and allusions ...to create the most consistently disturbing screen ambience of recent years. If popular culturists are correct in their assumption that the formulae of popular literature and film reflect cultural functions, the innovation of a formula that shows the victory of evil presents some interesting possibilities.
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16.
A Houdini whodunit De Haven, Tom
New York Times Book Review,
10/1994
Book Review
NEVERMORE By William Hjortsberg. 289 pp. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press.
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