Focusing on one of the most dramatic and controversial periods in modern Greek history and in the history of the Cold War, James Edward Miller provides the first study to employ a wide range of ...international archives--American, Greek, English, and French--together with foreign language publications to shed light on the role the United States played in Greece between the termination of its civil war in 1949 and Turkey's 1974 invasion of Cyprus.Miller demonstrates how U.S. officials sought, over a period of twenty-five years, to cultivate Greece as a strategic Cold War ally in order to check the spread of Soviet influence. The United States supported Greece's government through large-scale military aid, major investment of capital, and intermittent efforts to reform the political system. Miller examines the ways in which American and Greek officials cooperated in--and struggled over--the political future and the modernization of the country. Throughout, he evaluates the actions of the key figures involved, from George Papandreou and his son Andreas, to King Constantine, and from John Foster Dulles and Dwight D. Eisenhower to Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger.Miller's engaging study offers a nuanced and well-balanced assessment of events that still influence Mediterranean politics today.
Putting Greece back on the cultural and political map of the "Long 1960s," this book traces the dissent and activism of anti-regime students during the dictatorship of the Colonels (1967-74). It ...explores the cultural as well as ideological protest of Greek student activists, illustrating how these "children of the dictatorship" managed to re-appropriate indigenous folk tradition for their "progressive" purposes and how their transnational exchange molded a particular local protest culture. It examines how the students' social and political practices became a major source of pressure on the Colonels' regime, finding its apogee in the three day Polytechnic uprising of November 1973 which laid the foundations for a total reshaping of Greek political culture in the following decades.
This book simultaneously tells a story?or rather, stories?and a history. The stories are those of Greek Leftists as paradigmatic figures of abjection, given that between 1929 and 1974 tens of ...thousands of Greek dissidents were detained and tortured in prisons, places of exile, and concentration camps. They were sometimes held for decades, in subhuman conditions of toil and deprivation.The history is that of how the Greek Left was constituted by the Greek state as a zone of danger. Legislation put in place in the early twentieth century postulated this zone. Once the zone was created, there was always the possibility?which came to be a horrific reality after the Greek Civil War of 1946 to 1949?that the state would populate it with its own citizens. Indeed, the Greek state started to do so in 1929, by identifying ever-increasing numbers of citizens as ?Leftists? and persecuting them with means extending from indefinite detention to execution. In a striking departure from conventional treatments, Neni Panourgiá places the Civil War in a larger historical context, within ruptures that have marked Greek society for centuries. She begins the story in 1929, when the Greek state set up numerous exile camps on isolated islands in the Greek archipelago. The legal justification for these camps drew upon laws reaching back to 1871?originally directed at controlling ?brigands??that allowed the death penalty for those accused and the banishment of their family members and anyone helping to conceal them. She ends with the 2004 trial of the Revolutionary Organization 17 November.Drawing on years of fieldwork, Panourgiá uses ethnographic interviews, archival material, unpublished personal narratives, and memoirs of political prisoners and dissidents to piece together the various microhistories of a generation, stories that reveal how the modern Greek citizen was created as a fraught political subject.Her book does more than give voice to feelings and experiences suppressed for decades. It establishes a history for the notion of indefinite detention that appeared as a legal innovation with the Bush administration. Part of its roots, Panourgiá shows, lie in the laboratory that Greece provided for neo-colonialism after the Truman Doctrine and under the Marshall Plan.
Gifted Greek is a reflection on twentieth-century Greek
history and politics, as well as a character study of its first
socialist prime minister, Andreas Papandreou. Monteagle Stearns
witnessed the ...transformation of Papandreou from an affable American
economist to a stormy, anti-American Greek, over Stearns's three
diplomatic assignments to Athens, the last as a U.S. ambassador.
The unresolved dispute over how and by whom Greece should be
governed parallels the equally unresolved issues between Papandreou
and his estranged father, George. Andreas, who left Greece in 1940,
became a naturalized American citizen and a twenty-year resident of
the United States. In contrast, George was thoroughly Greek: a
flamboyant, republican-leaning politician, a one-time prime
minister, and a perennial leader of Greece's Liberal Party. Stearns
arrived in Athens as a diplomat in early 1958, in the thick of
Greece's political turmoil. Over the next five years, he came to
know first George Papandreou and then his son, Andreas. As
neighbors in suburban Athens, as fellow Americans, and as
like-minded critics of the problems still afflicting postwar
Greece, Stearns and Andreas quickly established a warm friendship.
Over the decades, however, that friendship was tested and frayed.
Gifted Greek is a reflection on the Cold War era, on its
impact on Greece, and on Andreas himself-whose dual nature had long
fascinated the author and led to this account of their curiously
entwined professional and personal lives.
From 1967 to 1974, the military junta ruling Greece attempted a
dramatic reshaping of the nation, implementing ideas and policies
that left a lasting mark on both domestic affairs and international
...relations. Bringing together leading scholars from a range of
disciplines, The Greek Military Dictatorship explores the
junta's attempts to impose authoritarian rule upon a rapidly
modernizing country while navigating a complex international
landscape. Focusing both on foreign relations as well as domestic
matters such as economics, ideology, religion, culture and
education, this book offers a fresh and well-researched study of a
key period in modern Greek history.
Greece Since 1945 Close, David H.
2002, 20140925, 2014-09-25, 20020101
eBook
The book draws extensively on research on modern Greece in recent decades, and on the many perceptive commentaries on recent events in the Greek press. It adopts both an analytical and chronological ...approach and shows how Greece has both converged with western Europe and remained distinctively Balkan. David Close writes clearly and forcefully, and presents a lively picture of the Greek political system, economic development, social changes and foreign relations. Aimed at readers coming to the subject for the first time, this is a readable and informative introduction to contemporary Greece.
The so-called Colonels’ coup of April 21, 1967, was a major event in the history of the Cold War, ushering in a seven-year period of military rule in Greece. In the wake of the coup, some eight ...thousand people affiliated with the Communist Party were rounded up, and Greece became yet another country where the fear of Communism led the United States into alliance with a repressive right-wing authoritarian regime. In military coups in some other countries, it is known that the CIA and other agencies of the U.S. government played an active role in encouraging and facilitating the takeover. The Colonels’ coup, however, came as a surprise to the United States (which was expecting a Generals’ coup instead). Yet the U.S. government accepted it after the fact, despite internal disputes within policymaking circles about the wisdom of accommodating the upstart Papadopoulos regime. Among the dissenters was Robert Keeley, then serving in the U.S. Embassy in Greece. This is his insider’s account of how U.S. policy was formulated, debated, and implemented during the critical years 1966 to 1969 in Greek-U.S. relations.
Yugoslav-Greek relations from the end of WWII to the breakup of Yugoslavia and went through several phases. A short period of interlude when the diplomatic rela- tions were re-established 1945/1946 ...was followed by a much longer one (1946–1950) of conflict due to the Yugoslav support to the Communists in the Greek Civil War. A prag- matic approach to the issue of both parties resulted in a prolonged period (1950–1967) of working relations that culminated in the signing of tripartite treaties with Turkey, Treaty of Ankara (1953) and Bled Agreements (1954). Even though the treaties lost most of their importance after the reconciliation between Belgrade and Moscow in 1955/1956, and the Cyprus crisis, they created a climate of correct relations between two neighbouring states marked by reciprocal visits on the highest level. The coup d’état of April 1967 brought to power a dictatorship in Greece (1967–1974) and thus inaugurated a new period of tensions in bilateral relations. The last period 1974–1990 was characterized by good working relations between Belgrade and Athens mainly due to the Greece’s efforts to integrate the European Economic Community (EEC) that supposed good relations with its neighbours. The issue of relations of Athens with Socialist Republic of Macedonia, first as a part of Socialst Yugoslavia, and then, after the collapse of the Federation, as the independent country, proved to be the last problem for Yugoslavia and a lasting one for the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, as it used to be known after 1990.
Greece in the Twentieth Century Editors, Theodore A. Couloumbis, Theodore Kariotis, Fotini Bellou
Routledge eBooks,
01/2013
eBook
Odprti dostop
This collective study examines the transformation (metamorphosis) that Greece has experienced over the course of the 20th century by exploring its gradual evolution into a consolidated democracy, an ...advanced economy in the Eurozone and a balanced partner in the EU and NATO promoting a stabilizing role in southeastern Europe. The book examines the variables contributing to the profiling of contemporary Greece, emphasizing the conceptual inertia bedevilling the studies of Greece in recent years by focusing on the elements that indicated the slow pace in the country's modernization. In conclusion, there is a need for Greece's constant commitment to functional adjustments regarding the country's economic, political and strategic priorities in order to promote effectively the role of regional stabilizer acting in concert with NATO and EU partners.
Part 1: The Evolving Content of the Greek Nation Part 2: Greek Foreign Policy - Debates and Priorities 1. Couloumbis; Greece in a Changing Strategic Setting 2. The United States and Greece in the 20th Century 3. The Cyprus Question - International Politics and the Failure of Peacemaking 4. Greece and The Balkans in the 20th Century Part 3: The Political Scene - Consolidating Democracy 5. The Greek Media Landscape 6. Science, Technology and the Environment 7. Greek Education in the 20th Century - A Long Process Towards a Democratic European Society 8. The Salience of the Greek Language in the European Union Melting Pot 9. The Legal Parameters of Church and State Relations in Greece Part 4: The Economy - Growth Without Equity 10. The Changing Role of Women in Greece 11. The Greek-American Coimmunity - Past Achievements and Future Opportunities Part 5: Greek-Turkish Relations - A New Era? 12. The Future of Greece in the European Union
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