FIRM FRAGMENTATION AND URBAN PATTERNS Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban; Sarte, Pierre-Daniel; Owens iii, Raymond
International economic review (Philadelphia),
February 2009, Letnik:
50, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We document several empirical regularities regarding the evolution of urban structure in the largest U.S. metropolitan areas over the period 1980-90. These regularities relate to changes in resident ...population, employment, occupations, as well as the number and size of establishments in different sections of the metropolitan area. We then propose a theory of urban structure that emphasizes the location and internal structure decisions of firms. In particular, firms can decide to locate their headquarters and operation plants in different regions of the city. Given that cities experienced positive population growth throughout the 1980s, we show that firm fragmentation produces the diverse set of facts documented in the article.
For Seamus Heaney translation was by no means peripheral to his literary project, but central to it, not least as a means of renewing his creative impetus and extending the reach of his work across ...multiple times and cultures. This essay examines the reasons behind Heaney's increasing immersion in Greek literature from the mid-1980s onwards. It examines how the political and ethical issues Sophocles addresses in Philoctetes drew him to the play, and identifies the contexts - international and local - which shaped The Cure at Troy's composition and reception. Unlike many previous discussions which dwell primarily on material Heaney added to the original, this essay offers a meticulous analysis of the entire Cure. It evaluates the quality of its poetry and its relationship to Heaney's lyric work up to 1990 and after. A recurring focus of interest are those moments and extended passages where Heaney takes greatest pains to make the source text his own, to settle in and 'colonize' it. In demonstrating where, when and why divergences occur, his version is repeatedly compared and contrasted with those of four other eminent translators. What emerges from this is how fully he sought to re-imagine the characters and recast the Chorus, ensuring the audience's empathy for and engagement with these flawed specimens of humanity.
ETHNIC DIVERSITY AND TRUST DINCER, OGUZHAN C.
Contemporary economic policy,
April 2011, Letnik:
29, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Using data from U.S. states, I investigate the relationship between ethnic diversity and trust. I find a negative relationship between ethnic polarization and trust and a U‐shaped relationship ...between ethnic fractionalization and trust. According to my estimations, (a) going from an ethnic polarization index (PI) of 0 to an ethnic PI of 1 decreases trust by almost 12% points; and (b) trust is minimized when the ethnic fractionalization index is equal to 0.34. (JEL D74, J15, Z13)
Jusqu'en art, la crise du sida est un tournant majeur de l'histoire contemporaine. Cette étude couvre la période allant de ses origines à la révolution thérapeutique (trithérapies) de la fin des ...années 1990, et s'intéresse à son impact sur les artistes américains et européens et leurs œuvres. Ceux-ci, sur la question, ont trop rarement été regardés ensemble, et pourtant: de Cindy Sherman à Derek Jarman, de Niki de Saint Phalle à Jeff Kaons, de Gilbert & George à Jenny Holzer, de Michel Journiac à David Wojnarowicz, on repère le même saisissement dans les représentations, qui ne pouvaient alors plus être les mêmes, et pour cause. Y est en effet passé tout ce qui travaillait profondément les sociétés occidentales au temps de l'épidémie, et d'abord le pire d'elles-mêmes qui se défoulait dans un espace social considérablement abîmé par la crise épidémique. Les images s'en souviennent, comme des forces de résistance qui lui furent opposées, et de la volonté intraitable de n'y rien céder, de sortir par tous les moyens d'une situation bloquée. Structuré en quatre parties ("l''esprit de catastrophe" ; "Les corps de la maladie" ; "Violence exaspérée" ; "L'esprit de communauté"), qui correspondent chacune à une entrée dans l'époque et dans la crise du sida, à une hypothèse les concernant, L'art en sida ... envisage la possibilité d'écrire une histoire de la maladie à partir des très nombreuses représentations qui la firent autant qu'elles ont été provoquées par elle.
The AIDS crisis was a major turning point of contemporary history. This work, which begins with the start of the epidemic and ends with the medicinal revolution that was triple therapy, at the end of the 1990's, focuses on the impact of AIDS on - and in the works - of American and European artists. These artists have rarely been considered together through the lens of the virus, and yet Cindy Sherman, Derek Jarman, Niki de Saint Phalle, Jeff Kaons, Gilbert & George, Jenny Holzer, Michel Journiac and David Wojnarowicz - they are ail seized by same need to represent this crisis, at a time when no representation could truly be unaffected. In these works of arts, the undercurrents of western societies - starting with the bleakest - could be made current. These images could act as a memorial, like an emblem of resistance to that which would oppose them, and as beacon of indomitable will to never give up, and to try and find a way out of a deadlock. Centred on four main parts (« The Spirit of Catastrophe» ; « Bodies of Sickness »; « Frustrated Violence » ; « Community Spirit »), which each correspond to a window into the aids crisis, four proposals are put forward in order to comprehend the artistic output of the period. Art in AIDS puts forward the possibility that the works produced at the time of the disease are as much an integral part of the history of the disease than they are a consequence of it.
AID, ECONOMIC FREEDOM, AND GROWTH HECKELMAN, JAC C.; KNACK, STEPHEN
Contemporary economic policy,
01/2009, Letnik:
27, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Foreign aid has often been intended by donors to entice recipient nations into policy and institutional reforms favorable to private sector economic development. In this study, we investigate the ...relationship between aid and changes to economic freedom in recipient nations over the 1990–2000 decade. The evidence is mixed. In general, we find that foreign aid has no significant effect on economic freedom overall. However, using a hedonic approach on the different categories of economic freedom, we find that aid has still managed to contribute toward a policy and institutional environment favorable to growth, as the different categories of economic freedom improved by aid more than offset those which are harmed by aid, in terms of their impact on growth. (JEL 010, 019)
In this paper the impact of national borders on international trade within the European Union is considered. Using a gravity model, I find that, averaged over all EU countries, intranational trade is ...about ten times as high as international trade with an EU partner country of similar size and distance. This relatively strong home bias suggests that even within the European Union national borders still have a decisive impact on trade patterns. JEL Classification: F02, F14, F15, O52
Whether environmental regulations alter capital flows remains a hotly debated issue. This paper uses county-level data to examine the location decisions of domestic and foreign firms in a single ...empirical model and tests for asymmetries by firm origin in the degree to which capital flows are influenced by environmental standards. We find that while domestic firms are influenced by environmental regulations, foreign firms are not. Since the benefits of foreign investment are well-documented—foreign plants typically provide more jobs and increase local wages by more than domestic plants—this result suggests a double-dividend is available: foreign plants provide an economic stimulus and are not unduly influenced by environmental protections.
In this article we explore the effects of labor demand shifts and population adjustments across metropolitan areas on the employment and earnings of various demographic groups during the 1980s. We ...find that population shifts across areas at least partially offset the effects of these demand shifts, but less‐educated workers showed substantially lower population adjustments in response to these demand shifts. These limited supply responses apparently contributed importantly to relatively greater deterioration of employment and earnings of these groups in declining areas during the 1980s.
The revolutionary war launched by Shining Path, a Maoist insurgency, was the most violent upheaval in modern Peru’s history, claiming some 70,000 lives in the 1980s–1990s and ...drawing widespread international attention. Yet for many observers, Shining Path’s initial successes were a mystery. What explained its cult-like appeal, and what actually happened inside the Andean communities at war?     In How Difficult It Is to Be God, Carlos Iván Degregori—the world’s leading expert on Shining Path and the intellectual architect for Peru’s highly regarded Truth and Reconciliation Commission—elucidates the movement’s dynamics. An anthropologist who witnessed Shining Path’s recruitment of militants in the 1970s, Degregori grounds his findings in deep research and fieldwork. He explains not only the ideology and culture of revolution among the insurgents, but also their capacity to extend their influence to university youths, Indian communities, and competing social and political movements.     Making Degregori’s most important work available to English-language readers for the first time, this translation includes a new introduction by historian Steve J. Stern, who analyzes the author’s achievement, why it matters, and the debates it sparked. For anyone interested in Peru and Latin America’s age of “dirty war,” or in the comparative study of revolutions, Maoism, and human rights, this book will provide arresting new insights.
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