The revolutionary war launched by Shining Path, a Maoist insurgency, was the most violent upheaval in modern Peru’s history, claiming some 70,000 lives in the 1980s–1990s and ...drawing widespread international attention. Yet for many observers, Shining Path’s initial successes were a mystery. What explained its cult-like appeal, and what actually happened inside the Andean communities at war?     In How Difficult It Is to Be God, Carlos Iván Degregori—the world’s leading expert on Shining Path and the intellectual architect for Peru’s highly regarded Truth and Reconciliation Commission—elucidates the movement’s dynamics. An anthropologist who witnessed Shining Path’s recruitment of militants in the 1970s, Degregori grounds his findings in deep research and fieldwork. He explains not only the ideology and culture of revolution among the insurgents, but also their capacity to extend their influence to university youths, Indian communities, and competing social and political movements.     Making Degregori’s most important work available to English-language readers for the first time, this translation includes a new introduction by historian Steve J. Stern, who analyzes the author’s achievement, why it matters, and the debates it sparked. For anyone interested in Peru and Latin America’s age of “dirty war,” or in the comparative study of revolutions, Maoism, and human rights, this book will provide arresting new insights.
Work and Enterprise Culture examines the world of work in the light of the major changes that have occurred over the last decade. In particular, the book focuses on what is understood by the term the ...‘enterprise culture’ and considers what impact, if any, this concept has on traditional work practices. A major feature of the book is that the essays also address questions of equal opportunity on grounds of gender and race, and examine the effects of the coming of the ‘enterprise culture’ has had on these concerns.
1. Introduction: Work and the Enterprise Culture, Malcolm Cross and Geoff Payne
2. Not Such a Small Business: Reflections on the Rhetoric, the Reality and the Future of the Enterprise Culture, Roger Burrows and James Curran
3. Paternalist Capitalism: An Organization Culture in Transition, Peter Ackers and John Black
4. From Coalminers to Entrepreneurs? A Case Study in the Sociology of Re-Industrialisation, Gareth Rees and Marilyn Thomas
5. Social Polarization in the Inner City: An Analysis of the Impact of Labour Market and Household Change, Nick Buck
6. Young People’s Transitions into the Labour Market, Ken Roberts, Glennys Parsell and Michelle Connolly
7. Part-time Employment, Dual Careers and Equal Opportunities, Michael Maguire
8. Gender and Graduate Under-Employment, Tony Chapman
9. Gender and Patriarchy in Mining Communities, Sandra Hebron and Maggie Wykes
10. Economic Change and Employment Practice: Consequences for Ethnic Minorities, Nick Jewson and David Mason
11. Gatekeepers in the Urban Labour Market: Constraining or Constrained?, John Wrench
References
Notes on Contributors
Index
We analyze how relative wage movements among birth cohorts and education groups affected the distribution of household consumption and economic welfare. Our empirical work draws on the best available ...cross-sectional data sets to construct synthetic panel data on U.S. consumption, labor supply, and wages during the 1980s. We find that low-frequency movements in the cohort-education structure of pretax hourly wages among men drove large changes in the distribution of household consumption. The results constitute a spectacular failure of between-group consumption insurance, a failure not explained by existing theories of informationally constrained optimal consumption behavior. A welfare analysis indicates that the cost of between-group consumption variability is larger than the cost of aggregate consumption variability by two orders of magnitude.
Taxes and female labor supply Kaygusuz, Remzi
Review of economic dynamics,
10/2010, Letnik:
13, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 and the Tax Reform Act of 1986 changed the U.S. income tax structure in a dramatic fashion. In particular, these two reforms reduced the marginal tax rates for ...married households. In this paper I investigate what part of the rise in labor force participation of married women between 1980 to 1990 (a rise of 13 percentage points) can be accounted by the changes in taxes. I build an heterogeneous agent model populated by married households. Households differ by age and educational attainment levels of their members and decide whether the second earner, the wife, should participate in the labor market. I select parameter values so that the model economy is consistent with the 1980 U.S. economy in terms of income tax structure, wages (skill premium and gender gap), marital sorting (who is married with whom), and female labor force participation. Using counterfactual experiments I find that 20–24 percent of the rise in married female labor force participation is accounted for by the changes in the income tax structure. Changes in wages account for 62–64 percent, and changes in marital sorting account for 14–16 percent of the rise in the participation rate of married women.
Race, Immigrant Status, and Housing Tenure Choice Painter, Gary; Gabriel, Stuart; Myers, Dowell
Journal of urban economics,
January 2001, 2001, 2001-01-00, 20010101, Letnik:
49, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper applies Census microdata from 1980 and 1990 to assess the determinants of housing tenure choice among racial and ethnic groups in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Like previous research, ...our results indicate that endowment differences (income, education, and immigrant status) largely explain the homeownership gap between Latinos and whites. In contrast to previous work, we find that Asians are as likely to choose homeownership as are whites, and that status as an immigrant did not portend lower homeownership rates among Asians. However, the endowment-adjusted homeownership choice differential between whites and blacks remains sizable; furthermore, that gap more than doubled between 1980 and 1990, to a full 11 percentage points.
A detailed data set covering every quarter section in suburban Chicago is used to identify employment subcenters and to determine their influence on employment density. Proximity to the 20 identified ...subcenters is used to explain employment density in 1980 and 1990. We argue that density functions are subject to selection bias, and we find significant correlations between employment density and selection equation errors. Subcenter proximity has a significant influence on expected density independent of distance from the Chicago central business district, O'Hare Airport, highway interchanges, and rail lines, suggesting that subcenters offer significant advantages beyond simple access to the transportation network.
Using PUMS data from the 1980 and the 1990 U.S. Census, I apply log-linear models to examine interracial marriage among whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans. Rarely, but ...increasingly between 1980 and 1990, interracial marriage of whites occurs most frequently with Asian Americans, followed by Hispanics, and then by African Americans. Interracial marriage tends to be educationally homogamous and the odds of interracial marriage increase with couples' educational attainment. Among interracially married couples with different educational attainments, both men and women from lower status racial groups but with high education levels tend to marry spouses from a higher status racial group with low education levels.
In 1980, 6.4% of the US work force was foreign-born; in 1994, 9.7% of the work force was foreign-born. Over the same period, imports brought the output of less-skilled foreign workers into the US, ...while the export of skill-intensive products raised the demand for skilled workers, further altering the skill content of US labor supply/demand. The estimated effect of immigration on native-labor outcomes depends critically on the empirical experiment used to assess immigration. Cross-sectional comparisons of wages and immigration in the 1980 and 1990 censuses yield unstable results which cast doubt on the validity of these calculations. Analyzing changes over time for various education groups within regions gives negative estimated immigration effects, which increase in magnitude the wider the areas covered. Evidence that native migration responds to immigrant flows suggest that area comparisons understate the potential adverse effect of immigration-induced increases in labor supply on native wages.
While a widespread view says that competitive pressure does influence productivity, and some theoretical reasons to expect gains to exist, the amount of evidence to support this view is not ...overwhelming. This lack of evidence may well stem from issues such as policy endogeneity. Here a situation akin to a natural experiment is studied in which competitive pressure was brought upon producers by a shrinking market for their product. In particular, the increased competitive pressure iron-ore producers faced in the early 1980s and their subsequent labor-productivity gains in the 1980s. It is argued that productivity gains were primarily driven by continuing mines, producing the same products, and using existing technology.
PDF
