Looks at trends in growth structural change, investment, exports of manufactured goods and imports of technology. Discusses implications of policies. (Abstract amended)
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In dem Artikel werden drei alternative Definitionen der Handelsliberalisierung unterschieden: Beseitigung der Außenhandelskontrollen, Erhöhung des Importanteils auf dem Binnenmarkt und Neutralität ...der Anreize bei Verkäufen für den in-und ausländischen Markt. Die Analyse der mexikanischen Erfahrung an Hand dieser Definitionen ergibt, daß die Liberalisierung nur im Sinne der ersten Definition signifikant war. Die Wirkung der Liberalisierung wird durch eine Regressionsanalyse über die Industriezweige getestet. Offensichtlich wurden Arbeitsproduktivität und Exportwachstum durch die Liberalisierung günstig beeinflußt. Allerdings ist die Wirkung der Liberalisierung ziemlich bescheiden, ist sie doch eine von mehreren Determinanten.
The major tenet of supply-side economics is that a reduction in the marginal tax rate on income leads to important substitution effects in household behavior. In particular, such a reduction can: 1. ...increase the aftertax rate of return to saving, causing households to substitute saving for current consumption, and 2. increase the aftertax real wage rate, causing households to substitute labor for leisure. The Keynesian model usefully explains the expansions of the 1960s and the 1980s, while the supply-side model does not. The less rapid growth of business fixed investment during the 1980s can be explained in part by the greater degree of excess capacity existing in 1982 as compared to 1963. This leaves supply-side advocates with no empirical support for their positions. The increase in the personal saving rate after the 1964 tax cut at least permitted supply-siders to speculate that a reduction in the marginal tax rate, by increasing personal saving, released resources for a burst of business fixed investment. However, the experience of the 1980s has robbed them of even that argument.
"There has recently been some speculation that the physical location of a community on the coast plays an equal or even more important role than does region in terms of the importance of geography ...upon population growth. This paper explores in empirical fashion the relative importance of coastal siting, as well as location, in the South or West, along with variables measuring economic base and demographic structure in explaining the relative rates of population growth in American metropolitan areas from 1980 to 1990."
Determinants of Wholesale Beef-Cut Prices Capps, Oral; Farris, Donald E.; Byrne, Patrick J. ...
Journal of agricultural and applied economics,
07/1994, Letnik:
26, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Key determinants of monthly wholesale prices for 12 beef cuts include the quantity of the specific cut, stickiness in prices, marketing costs, quantities of pork and chicken, and seasonality. ...Seasonal patterns across the respective cuts are very different. Relative to the price in December, prices at the wholesale level in other months can be as much as 6 percent lower to as much as 21 percent higher.
According to official policy statements from the government of the Netherlands, the reduction of the role of the public sector in the 1980s would primarily be achieved by spending cuts. Several ...programs were set up to that end. Looking at the macro level, this aim seems to be met, at least in the 2nd part of the 1980s. Total public expenditure has been reduced from 58.4% of gross national product (GNP) in 1980 to 55.4% in 1990. This picture is also reflected in most of the sectors analyzed where public spending has been reduced or stabilized in recent years. Looking at indicators for the public and private mix, however, leads to an ambiguous conclusion. Evidence for a declining role of the public sector can be found for: 1. the housing sector, 2. education, 3. old age pensions, and 4. the labor market. On the other hand, the public share in expenditures on health care and transportation did not decline. The analysis does indicate a reduction in the role of the public sector in the 1980s, but the change is less striking than one would perhaps conclude on the basis of the usual expenditure data.
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