The paper deals with the question of variety and contradictions coming from conceptual assumptions in Lithuanian Marxist philosophy during the Soviet period. The problem of controversies in Soviet ...Marxism is discussed. It is stated that the most important contradiction of Lithuanian Marxism lies in the dialectics based on the subjective and objective factors (or: economical social macrostructure and individual microstructure, base and superstructure, material and ideal etc.). By introducing propositions that did not fit (or even oppose) official dogmas, philosophers who stressed the prime factor magnified a little the boundaries of Marxism. The overestimated subjective factor development is indicated by the emergence of anti-Marxist attitudes in official Soviet philosophical discourse.
The relationship between growth and income distribution was revealed by Kuznets in 1955, and this relationship was applied to different fields over time. In the early 1990s, it was understood that ...there was a strong relationship between the environment and economic growth, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve approach was proposed. In the following process, many variables representing environmental pollution were modeled separately, the Environmental Kuznets Curve was tested and various Kuznets Curves were brought to the literature. In the last few years, a new one has been added to these and the Material Kuznets Curve approach has started to take place in the literature. The Material Kuznets curve approach suggests that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between material footprint and per capita gross domestic product. In this respect, it is aimed to test the validity of the material Kuznets curve approach in this study. In order to achieve this purpose, the data of the G-7 countries for the 1990-2016 period are used. In the creation of the model, the material footprint variable is considered as the dependent variable, and environmental pollution for material use is evaluated collectively. Per capita GDP, per capita GDP2 and per capita GDP3 are the selected independent variables. As a result of the Panel Durbin Hausman cointegration test, it is determined that there is no relationship between the variables as Kuznets stated, and thus the material Kuznets curve approach is rejected within the scope of the study.
The main aim of the paper is to identify important socio-economic factors affecting the consolidation of democracies in post-socialist economies. The level of democratic environment is evaluated by ...the Electoral Democracy Index (the V-Dem Project). The influence of socio-economic factors is analyzed from the perspective of Modernization theory, which is compared with the other four theories (early developed institutions, natural resource abundance, cultural heritage, and international trade) in the empirical analysis. To achieve the aim, the paper uses time-series cross-sectional Prais-Winsten regression models with panel-corrected standard errors. The results indicate that the consolidation of democratic environment was positively affected by economic development and historical experience with democracy and negatively influenced by natural resource abundance and Islamic cultural heritage. If we evaluate the individual factors within the Modernization theory, then we can see statistically significant influence of the economic level, while the effect of education or urbanization seems to be insignificant. At the end of the empirical analysis, the ambiguous influence of middle class as transition channel of the Modernization theory on the consolidation of democratic environment was discussed.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The first attempt to bring together the historians of science from the Baltic States took place in Riga in 1958. Prof. Pauls Stradiņš (1896–1958) initiated and organised a joint meeting for ...historians of science from Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania under the supervision of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. A program for future joint activities was developed, and the tradition of joint conferences—the Baltic Conference on History of Science (BCHS)—in each country followed. In 1991, the Baltic Association of the History and Philosophy of Science (BAHPS), uniting historians and philosophers of science of independent Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, took over organising the BCHS. The article aims to present an overview of the published results of the conference, which is partly based on the annotated bibliography (1958–1985) of the conference. The authors analyse the subject, dissemination and tradition of the BCHS, and discuss the role of academic institutions in organising the events. Since the overview was inspired by a decision to gather a complete set of books of conference abstracts, it also resulted in recommendations for conference organisers. Between 1958 and 2019, twenty-nine conferences were organised and 2,880 papers were presented. The next conference will take place in Finland in 2022. The main ideas of the article were presented at the 26th International Congress on History and Philosophy of Science in Prague in 2021.
"Immigration is an integral part of national identity in settler societies such as Canada. But in countries where identity is defined more in ethnic terms, such as Germany, the presence of immigrants ...has only recently begun to be acknowledged. Taking these two countries as case studies, Immigration Dialectic explores national identity as imagined through media-based discourses of immigration."--P. i.
During the land reform, which has been going on in Ukraine since 1991, the state form of land ownership has been demonopolized. The lands of almost 12,000 farms have been reformed, and 6.77 million ...peasants have acquired land rights (shares), the vast majority of which are registered as separate plots of land. Today, land consolidation should be considered as a set of land management measures to regulate the structure of land rights in order to create more favorable conditions for farming, increase productivity, reduce production costs, create appropriate infrastructure, improve the agricultural structure. The current land legislation of Ukraine does not contain a sufficiently effective mechanism for ensuring land consolidation and needs to be improved. The purpose of the study is to identify ways to improve the mechanism of legal regulation of land consolidation in Ukraine and integrated land management, which will provide restructuring and improvement of spatial conditions of agriculture, achieving more efficient multifunctional use of rural areas, environmental protection and infrastructure development for further harmonization of legislation.
The ruling elite of Armenia, strongly attached to its Soviet recent past, began the long and difficult transition towards a democratic parliamentary regime. The democratic reforms advanced quite ...difficultly, as old totalitarian mentalities represented a real obstacle in their path. At the same time, however, a civil society began to develop, and Western democratic values started to permeate Armenia. This process changed the balance of power in society, generating in the early2000s a strong confrontation between representatives of the neo-communist nomenklatura, on one side, and those of democratic forces and civil society, on the other. The authoritarian regimes of presidents Robert Kocharian and Serzh Sargsyan held Armenia captive until 2018. Former President Sargsyan’s latest attempt to extend his power, following Putin’s model, by taking over the position of the prime minister, caused a huge wave of discontent. At the head of those social movements was the publicist and politician Nikol Pashinyan, under whose leadership a real “Velvet Revolution” took place in Armenia, which led to the ousting of the Republican Party, to early parliamentary elections and, finally, to a truly democratic political regime, open to reforms and to the modernization of the country.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Previous studies have shown a higher risk of birth defects and preterm birth (PTB) in singletons born after blastocyst transfer as compared to singletons born after cleavage-stage ...transfer. Few studies have investigated the maternal outcomes. Objective We sought to analyze the neonatal and maternal outcome after blastocyst transfer (day 5-6) compared to transfer of cleavage-stage embryos (day 2-3) and spontaneous conception. Study Design This was a population-based retrospective registry study including all singleton deliveries after blastocyst transfer in Sweden from 2002 through 2013. The in vitro fertilization register was cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Register of Birth Defects, and the National Patient Register. Deliveries after blastocyst transfer were compared with deliveries after cleavage-stage transfer and deliveries after spontaneous conception. Outcome measures included birth defects, PTB, low birthweight, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, perinatal mortality, placenta previa, placental abruption, and preeclampsia. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Adjustment was made for year of birth of child, maternal age, parity, smoking, body mass index, years of involuntary childlessness, and child’s sex and, for cleavage stage, also for number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos transferred, and fresh/frozen embryo transfer. Results There were 4819 singletons born after blastocyst transfer, 25,747 after cleavage-stage transfer, and 1,196,394 after spontaneous conception. Singletons born after blastocyst transfer had no increased risk of birth defects compared to singletons born after cleavage-stage transfer (AOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.79–1.13) or spontaneous conception (AOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92–1.28). Perinatal mortality was higher in the blastocyst vs the cleavage-stage group (AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.14–2.29). When comparing singletons born after blastocyst transfer to singletons born after spontaneous conception, a higher risk of PTB (<37 weeks) was seen (AOR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.31). Singletons born after blastocyst transfer had a lower rate of low birthweight (AOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71–0.97) as compared to cleavage-stage transfer. The rate of being small for gestational age was lower in singletons born after blastocyst transfer as compared to both cleavage-stage and spontaneous conception (AOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56–0.88 and AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57–0.87, respectively). The risk of placenta previa and placental abruption was higher in pregnancies after blastocyst transfer as compared to pregnancies after cleavage-stage (AOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.70–2.55 and AOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15–2.29, respectively) and spontaneous conception (AOR, 6.38; 95% CI, 5.31–7.66 and AOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.70–3.13, respectively). Conclusion No increased risk of birth defects was found in singletons born after blastocyst transfer. Perinatal mortality and risk of placental complications were higher in the blastocyst group as compared to the cleavage-stage group, observations that need further investigations.
A must-read for anyone interested in Eastern Europe, Russia, and the politics of natural resources, this book reveals the insights gained by looking at post-Soviet development and international ...relations issues not only from a Moscow-centered perspective, but from that of individual actors in other states.
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