China's food safety system is in crisis. Egregious scandals, as varied as the sale of liquor laced with Viagra and the distribution of fake eggs, reveal how regulatory practices have been stretched ...to their limit in the world's largest food production system. On Feeding the Masses focuses on the oft-cited but ultimately overlooked concept of scale to identify the root causes of China's regulatory failures in food safety. The 'politics of scale' framework highlights how regulators disagree on which level of government is best suited to regulate ('the scale of governance'), struggle to address multilevel tensions ('multidimensional scale integration'), and fail to understand how policies at one level of government can affect other levels of government in unexpected and costly ways ('scale externalities'). Drawing from over 200 interviews with food safety regulators and producers, the study provides one of the most comprehensive accounts of China's food safety crisis to date.
Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2009!
In its quarter-century-long shift from communism to capitalism, China has transformed itself from a desperately poor nation into a country with one of the ...fastest-growing and largest economies in the world. Doug Guthrie examines the reforms driving the economic genesis in this compact and highly readable introduction to contemporary China. He highlights the social, cultural and political factors fostering this revolutionary change and interweaves a broad structural analysis with a consideration of social changes at the micro and macro levels.
In this new, revised edition author Guthrie updates his story on modern China and provides the latest authoritative data and examples from current events to chart where this dynamically changing society is headed and what the likely consequences for the rest of the world will be.
Purpose
In oncology patients, hospital malnutrition is associated with a greater risk of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of nutritional risk and ...the clinical and economic consequences of hospital malnutrition in oncology patients hospitalised in Spanish centres.
Methods
This was an observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study. The prevalence of nutritional risk was determined using the Nutrition Risk Screening
®
-2002 (NRS
®
-2002).
Results
Four hundred one oncology patients were included; 33.9 % (136/401) were at nutritional risk (NRS
®
-2002 ≥ 3) at admission and 36.4 % (135/371) at discharge. On average, patients at nutritional risk were more elderly and had lower weights, body mass indices and arm and calf circumferences, as well as lower serum albumin levels than patients not at risk. Mean duration of hospitalisation and healthcare costs were greater in patients at nutritional risk at discharge (12.1 days; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 10.83–13.39) than in well-nourished patients (8.6 days; 95 % CI 7.86–9.40). Only a third of the patients at risk of malnutrition at discharge had received any kind of nutritional support.
Conclusions
This study shows that hospital malnutrition is a prevalent and undertreated condition in oncology patients that is associated with longer hospital stays and increased healthcare costs.
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•Energy and life cycle assessment of walnut are computed by IMPACT 2002+.•MOICA is used to optimize output energy and total weighted damages.•Gasoline and On-Orchard emissions are the ...most effective factors in energy and LCA.•MOICA can save total energy and damages by about 19316 MJ ha−1 and 1.47 Pt.•Gasoline and ecosystem quality have most potential in saving by MOICA.
Although the agricultural sector is an important source of bioenergy production, this production can be considered sustainable when energy consumed and environmental emissions are optimal. As such, the assessment of energy flow, environmental emissions of walnut orchards in Alborz province of Iran and their simultaneous optimization by multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm are the main goals of this investigation. Input-output energy analysis, IMPACT 2002+ method of life cycle assessment, and multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm are used in the energy-environmental evaluation for optimization in this study. Results ascertain that energy uses of the entire output and input are computed to be 31,015 and 27200 MJ ha−1, respectively and that gasoline with 40% is the dominated consumer of energy. Moreover, energy use efficiency is 0.88, which indicates energy inefficiency in walnut production. Environmental results shows that On-Orchard emissions with a share more than 50% in ecosystem quality, human health, and climate changes and gasoline in resources category are the main hotspots. Multi-objective optimization illustrates that the reduction in total energy is 19316 MJ ha−1 (about 62%) and gasoline with 58% is the most energy saving input among all. On the other hand, the total weighted emission decreases by about 1.47Pt (about 40%). Generally, results reveal that timely maintenance can help orchardist attain close to optimal condition. Furthermore, the application of imperialist competitive algorithm not only can offer optimum pattern of walnut production, but also be extended to the world for different crops.
Contemporary Chinese Politics: Sources, Methods, and Field Strategies considers how new and diverse sources and methods are changing the study of Chinese politics. Contributors spanning three ...generations in China studies place their distinct qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches in the framework of the discipline and point to challenges or opportunities (or both) of adapting new sources and methods to the study of contemporary China. How can we more effectively use new sources and methods of data collection? How can we better integrate the study of Chinese politics into the discipline of political science, to the betterment of both? This comprehensive methodological survey will be of immense interest to graduate students heading into the field for the first time and experienced scholars looking to keep abreast of the state of the art in the study of Chinese politics.
Shigella Bacteremia, Georgia, USA, 2002–20121 Tobin-D’Angelo, Melissa; Oosmanally, Nadine; Wilson, Siri N. ...
Emerging infectious diseases,
01/2020, Letnik:
26, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Shigella
commonly causes gastroenteritis but rarely spreads to the blood. During 2002–2012, we identified 11,262
Shigella
infections through population-based active surveillance in Georgia; 72 ...(0.64%) were isolated from blood. Bacteremia was associated with age
>
18 years, black race, and
S. flexneri
. More than half of patients with bacteremia were HIV-infected.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Governments throughout the developing world have witnessed a proliferation of non-governmental, non-profit organizations (NGOs) providing services like education, healthcare and piped drinking water ...in their territory. In Allies or Adversaries, Jennifer N. Brass explains how these NGOs have changed the nature of service provision, governance, and state development in the early twenty-first century. Analyzing original surveys alongside interviews with public officials, NGOs and citizens, Brass traces street-level government-NGO and state-society relations in rural, town and city settings of Kenya. She examines several case studies of NGOs within Africa in order to demonstrate how the boundary between purely state and non-state actors blurs, resulting in a very slow turn toward more accountable and democratic public service administration. Ideal for scholars, international development practitioners, and students interested in global or international affairs, this detailed analysis provides rich data about NGO-government and citizen-state interactions in an accessible and original manner.
Abstract
Institutional investors expect infrastructure to deliver long-term stable returns but gain exposure to infrastructure predominantly through finite-horizon closed private funds. The cash ...flows delivered by infrastructure funds display similar volatility and cyclicality as other private equity investments, and their performance similarly depends on quick deal exits. Despite weak risk-adjusted performance and failure to match the supposed characteristics of infrastructure assets, closed funds have received more commitments over time, particularly from public investors. Public institutional investors perform worse than private institutional investors. ESG preferences and regulations explain 25$\%$–40$\%$ of their increased allocation to infrastructure and 30$\%$ of their underperformance.
The China Questions Rudolph, Jennifer; Szonyi, Michael
2018, 2018-01-15
eBook
Many books offer information about the world's most populous country, but few make sense of what is truly at stake. Thirty of the world's leading China experts—affiliates of Harvard's renowned ...Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies—answer key questions about where this new superpower is headed and what makes its people and their leaders tick.
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