We compare productivity and technical efficiency of organic and conventional dairy farms in the United States. We address self-selection into organic farming by using propensity score matching and ...explicitly test the hypothesis that organic and conventional farms employ a single, homogeneous technology. Utilizing the 2005 Agricultural Resource Management Survey on Dairy Costs and Returns Report (ARMS) data, we reject the homogeneous technology hypothesis and find that the organic dairy technology is approximately 13% less productive. However, we find little difference in technical efficiency between organic and conventional farms when technical efficiency is measured against the appropriate technology.
According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the group of pesticide active substances ...cypermethrins. To assess the occurrence of cypermethrin, alpha‐cypermethrin, zeta‐cypermethrin, beta‐cypermethrin residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (codex maximum residue limits; CXLs) for cypermethrin, alpha‐cypermethrin and zeta‐cypermethrin as well as the European authorisations and import tolerances reported by Member States and the UK (including the supporting residues data) for cypermethrin and zeta‐cypermethrin. The toxicological profile of zeta‐cypermethrin was also assessed. Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived, and a consumer risk assessment was carried out. Some information required by the regulatory framework was missing and a possible chronic/acute risk to consumer was identified. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only, all MRL proposals derived by EFSA still require further consideration by risk managers and measures for reduction of the consumer exposure should also be considered.
The 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake ruptured an out‐of‐sequence Himalayan thrust known as the Balakot‐Bagh thrust. The earthquake's hypocenter was located at a depth of 15 km on the ramp close to a ...possible ramp/flat transition. In the weeks following the earthquake a GPS network was installed to measure postseismic displacement. The initial measurements in November 2005 were followed by other campaigns in January and August 2006, in March and December 2007, and in August 2008 and 2009. Two hypotheses were tested: post‐seismic displacements controlled by viscous relaxation of the lower crust or by afterslip along a flat north of the ramp affected by the main shock. A single Newtonian viscosity for the different periods cannot be determined by numerical simulations of viscous relaxation, which may indicate that the viscosity of the lower crust is non‐Newtonian or that viscous relaxation does not control postseismic displacements. Numerical simulations using dislocations in a uniform elastic half‐space indicate afterslip north of the ramp of the earthquake along a flat connected to the ramp. Slip along the northwestern portion of the flat accrued to about 285 mm between November 2005 and August 2006, while slip along the southeastern portion accrued to 130 mm over the same time period. Residual misfit of the observed and predicted displacements clearly indicated that afterslip is a better explanation for the observations than the hypothesis of viscous relaxation. The time evolution of the afterslip was found to be consistent with that predicted from rate‐strengthening frictional sliding.
Key Points
Postseismic deformation mechanisms
Afterslip along a flat and relation with aftershocks
Viscous relaxation of lower crust
On October 8th, 2005 a devastating earthquake in the Kashmir region has triggered widespread landslides, which were considered the second most important driver of devastation to the natural and man- ...made environment after the earthquake. Landslides susceptibility assessment is the prerequisite for the landslide management, however, considering the dynamic spatial-temporal distribution of co-seismic landslides, an updated landslide susceptibility assessment is of fundamental importance. This paper has evaluated the earthquake-induced landslides and developed an updated landslide susceptibility map. A detailed inventory of the co-seismic landslides is acquired from the SPOT-5 satellite image and field observations. The developed landslide inventory is subsequently cross analyzed with the ASTER based Digital Elevation Model (DEM) computed topographic parameters (curvature, slope angle, aspect, drainage pattern), geology, human activities and fault lines to investigate their influence on landsldies distribution. The derived correlations were statistically analyzed using a Weight-of-Evidence model to develop the landslide susceptibility map. The accuracy of the developed landslide susceptibility is 74 %. The acquired susceptibility map can be used by the relevant departments for the landslide's mitigation and risk reduction.
"يعد مجال التحليل النفسي مجالا هائلا لدراسة وتحليل الأعمال الأدبية ذات الصلة وخاصة في نوع الصدمات النفسية، لما لذلك من ارتباط وثيق بطبيعة البشر. وفقا لذلك، زودت المنظرة الأمريكية الحديثة كاثي كاروث ...(مواليد 1955) نظريات التحليل النفسي بنظرية اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة التي ينصب التركيز فيها على الكشف عن أو استرجاع الصدمة بعد اجتيازها لفترة من الخبرة التي يتم فيها تحرير، تصفية وإدخال الخيال والتعبيرات المجازية باستخدام آلية دفاعية وما شابه. عينة هذه الدراسة هي مسرحية موت بائع متجول (1949) للكاتب المسرحي الأمريكي آرثر ميلر والتي تكون فيها شخصية ويلي لومان، البائع، هي الحالة التي عليها تدرس نظرية اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة لكاروث. لذلك، فإن الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحليل شخصية البطل نفسيا وفقا لأعراض أو مبادئ النظرية المختارة. يعتمد الخط الرئيسي للدراسة على عدة أسئلة منها: (1) ما هي المبادئ الرئيسية لنظرية كاروث الموجودة في المسرحية المختارة؟ (2) إلى أي مدى يتم تصوير البطل وفق النظرية؟ (3) هل هناك علاقة بين المسرحية المختارة والنظرية المعتمدة؟ في الأهمية، من المتوقع أن تخدم هذه الورقة مجال الأدب من خلال التعامل مع فن الدراما، ومجال علم النفس من خلال التركيز على المنظرة المذكورة ونظريتها، وكذلك توضح هذه الدراسة العلاقة بين هذين المجالين. من الناحية التركيبية، تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة توضح كاروث ونظريتها من جهة، والكاتب المسرحي ومسرحيته من ناحية أخرى. ثم تحلل المسرحية وفقا للنظرية المختارة. يلخص الاستنتاج النتائج الرئيسية."
Civil society in the United States in the 21st century has seen the abandonment of American concepts of individual freedom, privacy, expression and autonomy. Eyre examines the Real ID Act in this ...context, as an example of laws passed since September 2001 restricting civil liberties. The Real ID Act facilitates the current and future surveillance regime. Real IDs and the database(s) to which they are linked represent a de facto national ID system facilitating monitoring citizens' movements, speech and political activities when fully operational. The Real ID Act is examined as an unfunded mandate and vehicle for unconstitutional abridgement of First Amendment guarantees including political expression.
Natural hazards greatly impact human life and the development of infrastructure, especially in poorer countries. To tackle this issue and develop sufficient strategies with which to assess hazards ...under local governing conditions, open-source approaches have been pursued in many aid development and technical cooperation projects. In this study, the landslide susceptibility of the Mansehra and Torghar districts is assessed within the framework of the multiphase German-Pakistani technical cooperation project “Georisk Assessment Northern Pakistan” (GANP), which was initiated after the devastating Kashmir Earthquake occurred on October 8, 2005. This landslide susceptibility assessment is strongly aligned with an open data approach that utilizes free, accessible data and data sources. The landslide inventory was collected using high-resolution imagery provided by Google Earth. The landslide-controlling parameters were derived from a series of open access data, including published data, free and accessible satellite imagery (e.g., Landsat), and digital elevation models. A mid-level complexity statistical approach was used to assess relative landslide susceptibility patterns on a regional scale. Stepwise data integration with subsequent evaluation was then applied. The evaluation of the model quality was performed using receiver operation characteristic curves. The established workflow, which also incorporated sensitivity studies and an uncertainty assessment, produces reliable landslide susceptibility patterns that can be used for regional spatial planning.
Cystic renal lesions are common findings on abdominal imaging studies. Bosniak Classification version 2005 and 2019 consists of five categories of cystic masses. The 2019 modification is more ...detailed and extensive compared to version 2005. The novelties in version 2019 are implementation of diameter values of cystic septa and walls as well as inclusion of magnetic resonance imaging for classification of cystic renal masses. The aim of our study was to review a new proposal for the assessment of renal cysts and review the results of studies which compared diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of both versions from 2005 and 2019.
The Trans-Tasman Proceedings Acts 2010, mirror legislation in New Zealand and Australia, regulate the allocation of jurisdiction in trans-Tasman civil proceedings. The legislation includes provisions ...dealing with the effects of jurisdiction clauses. This article considers the treatment of jurisdiction clauses under the statutory regime and the common law regime which provides for the effect of jurisdiction clauses that are outside the scope of the legislation, how these regimes differ, and their relative strengths and weaknesses.
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