The solar photovoltaics (PV) industry would not exist without government policies. Governments around the world have implemented policies to support consumption of solar energy and production of ...solar PV products. These policies have varied across countries and across time, thus contributing to regulatory uncertainty. This article addresses two related questions. First, how does regulatory uncertainty in the solar PV industry shape firms’ market and non-market strategies? Second, how might firms’ responses to this public-policy environment affect technological development and the locus of manufacturing? Government policies on solar PV, and firms’ strategies to overcome regulatory uncertainty, may have unintended consequences. Firms’ decisions on location and technology development may result in loss of employment and national competitiveness for developed countries; and firms’ market strategies may increase regulatory uncertainty if they do not involve non-market stakeholders.
In January 1995, US President Bill Clinton organized a bailout for Mexico that imposed penalty interest rates and induced the Mexican government to reduce its debt, ending the debt crisis. Can the ...Troika (European Commission, European Central Bank, and International Monetary Fund) organize similar bailouts for the troubled countries in the eurozone? Our analysis suggests that debt levels are so high that bailouts with penalty interest rates could induce the eurozone governments to default rather than reduce their debt. A resumption of economic growth is one of the few ways that the eurozone crises can end.
In this study, I examine whether there is a difference between internal control reporting (measured through the presence/absence material weaknesses) among foreign and U.S. firms. I also examine the ...relation between internal control reporting and the accounting standards used by firms (i.e., U.S. and foreign) in their submitted SEC financial statements. Overall, my results indicate that foreign firms are more likely to report material weaknesses than U.S. firms. Furthermore, foreign firms that submit financial statements that are prepared using U.S. GAAP or prepared using their domestic standards and then reconciled to U.S. GAAP are more likely to report material weaknesses. Since country specific political factors could influence the reporting of material weaknesses I also examine whether rule of law impacts the reporting of material weaknesses. My results indicate that foreign firms that are classified as strong rule of law countries are less likely to report material weaknesses and foreign firms that are classified as weak rule of law countries are more likely to report material weaknesses. Additionally, foreign firms that prepare the SEC submitted financial statements using IFRS are less like to report material weaknesses in strong rule of law countries and there is no significant relation between IFRS firms and material weakness reporting in weak rule of law countries.
Subject and purpose of work: The subject of this paper is Measure 121 of the 2007-2013 RDP, called Modernisation of agricultural holdings. The objective of the study was to present the ...diversification of regional absorption of aid funds used under this measure and to assess the correlation between the scale of the use of these funds and the level of labor productivity in agriculture. Materials and methods: On the basis of the GUS data, the regional differentiation of the absorption of aid funds from the analyzed measure and labor productivity in agriculture were assessed. The relation between these categories was determined based on Pearson’s linear correlation index. Results and conclusions: A strong regional diversification of labor productivity in agriculture and the level of utilization of European Union funds directed at modernization of agricultural holdings was observed. There is a relation between the scale of the utilization of funds under Measure 121 of the RDP and the efficiency of labor factor. It can therefore be assumed that the form of support investigated is a significant stimulus for the increase in the level of work efficiency.
In this paper, we explore the relationship between economic conditions and disability insurance (DI) participation in Spain during the Great Recession. Using individual-level longitudinal data, we ...show that DI awards are procyclical, contrary to the countercyclical behavior found in most of the previous literature. We show that DI applications are not responsive to the business cycle and that economic conditions have no effect on the composition of new DI awardees, suggesting that DI participation in Spain is not driven by partially disabled individuals resorting to the DI program as a result of bad labor market conditions. Furthermore, we argue that the procyclical behavior of DI awards may be driven by an informal increase in screening stringency and by an improvement in the health status of the population as a result of worse economic conditions.
The allocation of European Union (EU) structural funds is subject to fierce regional lobbying. This article examines the extent to which regions with greater political authority are better able to ...lobby for funds than their weaker counterparts. Existing research acknowledging the importance of regional authority in these processes has used inadequate indicators. This analysis, drawing on the Regional Authority Index, is the first to use regional‐level data disaggregating between regional authority as self‐rule and shared‐rule. It also uses data that measure the lobbying capacity of regions' Brussels‐based lobbying offices. Controlling for a battery of competing and control variables, Tobit regression analyses of 181 regions receiving funds in the 2007–13 period suggest that regional authority expressed as shared‐rule, but not self‐rule, has a significant impact on the allocation of structural funds in the EU.
Hit Where It Hurts Bhaskarabhatla, Ajay; Chatterjee, Chirantan; Karreman, Bas
The Journal of law & economics,
11/2016, Letnik:
59, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this paper, we examine an asymmetric-punishment strategy that a large and newly identified cartel of retailers uses to police its upstream suppliers and members. The cartel punishes suppliers who ...violate vertical restraints and members who defect in the key regional or product market where it hurts them the most. The cartel organizes sales embargoes to punish its suppliers and supply embargoes to punish its members. Cartels can leverage the targeted punishment strategy to induce good behavior across multiple product, regional, and vertical markets. We examine several episodes in which the association of retail pharmaceutical traders in India, acting as a cartel, imposes sales embargoes on select pharmaceutical firms and supply embargoes on its members, and we find evidence consistent with targeted punishment. Our results support the theoretical view that growing buyer power in conjunction with vertical restraints facilitates collusion.
MS Office suit software is the most widely used electronic documents by a large number of users in the world, which has absolute predominance in office software market. MS Office 2007-2013 documents, ...which use new office open extensible markup language (OOXML) format, could be illegally used as cover mediums to transmit secret information by offenders, because they do not easily arouse others suspicion. This paper proposes nine forensic methods and an integrated forensic tool for OOXML format documents on the basis of researching the potential information hiding methods. The proposed forensic methods and tool cover three categories; document structure, document content, and document format. The aim is to prevent covert communication and provide security detection technology for electronic documents downloaded by users. The proposed methods can prevent the damage of secret information embedded by offenders. Extensive experiments based on real data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Rural Development Programme of the SR (RDP SR) 2007-2013 represented a comprehensive programme document for funding from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) in the ...programming period 2007-2013. The RDP SR 2007-2013 supported many activities related to agriculture, forestry industry, livestock production, tourism and agro-tourism. Following goals of the EAFRD were supported by the RDP SR 2007-2013: Increasing the competitiveness of agriculture, food and forestry sector; Improving the environment and landscape; Improvement of life in rural areas and Diversification of the rural economy. The last mentioned activity: Diversification of the rural economy was supported in the previous programming period by the Axis 3: Quality of life in rural areas, Measure 3.1. Diversification into non-agricultural activities. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of the Measure 3.1. The paper focuses on content evaluation of supported projects and spatial and financial allocation of request for non-repayable financial contribution. The first part of the paper is focused on the submission of request for non-repayable financial contribution: call for proposals, supported documents available for applicants, preparation of projects and their submission. The second part of the paper is oriented on evaluation of submitted projects by the Agricultural Paying Agency and payments for beneficiaries. The third part of the paper is oriented on evaluation of realization of projects with emphasis on problems on both sides: on the side of beneficiaries and on the side of the Agricultural Paying Agency. The goal of the paper is to show problems which occurred in all phases of realization of projects under the measure 3.1 with the aim to avoid the appearance of the same problems in following programming periods.
Due to the considerable fragmentation of farms in order to improve competitiveness of the Polish agricultural sector it is crucial to enhance cooperation of farmers within producer groups. The paper ...analyses changes in farm integration processes in view of the implementation of the agricultural policy. It presents growth dynamics for the number of agricultural producer groups and their spatial distribution in Poland. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the introduced fi nancial support mechanisms on association of farmers in producer groups.
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