This paper studies the relationship between customer concentration and company risk‐taking and its underlying application scopes. The results show that customer concentration is positively related to ...company risk‐taking. Additional analyses discuss the moderating effect of customer concentration on company risk‐taking from the perspectives of managers' characteristics and directors' characteristics. The view of effective contract is supported by all these results. This paper not only theoretically clarifies the underlying theoretical relationship between customer concentration and company risk‐taking but also provides empirical application situations for companies to design incentive contract and adjust risk‐taking level.
Economic is the greatest and most dynamic sector of the particularly extensive strategic relationship between Vietnam and Japan. In this sector, commercial cooperation plays an important role. The ...paper focused on analyzing the fundament of the Vietnam -Japan trade cooperation relationship (2008-2020) to reconstruct the reality of the relationship in terms of scale and structure of goods exchanges during the research period. Based on this analysis, the paper has made comments and suggested solutions to develop trade relations between the two countries in the coming time.
US companies invested over $500 billion in 2021 in intangible brand capital, over 2% of GDP. During the past decade, US companies have also been growing their internal marketing capabilities, an ...often overlooked source of human capital. We discuss the private and social benefits of these intangible brand capital stocks. While the private returns to companies are fairly clear, the academic literature has been divided over the social benefits and costs of advertising and promotion, the two key investment vehicles. We also discuss the implications of brand capital for measured productivity.
Based on the data of A‐share listed enterprise from 2008 to 2020, the paper investigates the impact of the stability of top management team on enterprise innovation from the perspective of chairman's ...implicit human capital. The results show that a stable top management team can effectively promote enterprise innovation; the chairman's psychological capital plays an inverted U‐shaped regulatory role in the impact of the stability of the top management team on enterprise innovation; the social capital and emotional capital play a positive regulatory role in the impact of the stability of the top management team on enterprise innovation. After further identifying the motivation of enterprise innovation, it is confirmed that the stability of top management team promotes enterprise innovation and the chairman's implicit human capital regulates enterprise substantive innovation. The research of this paper provides new ideas for optimizing the human resource and organizational structure of top management team and improve the efficiency of enterprise innovation.
The impact of international migrant networks on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by multinational enterprises (MNEs) is an emerging research topic in the field of international business. ...Based on the data of A‐share listed companies from 2008 to 2020 in China, this study analyzes the impact of international migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs and further examines the moderating effect of firms' international experience. Our findings suggest that migrant networks have a facilitating effect on OFDI by MNEs, and firms' international experience plays a positive moderating role in the above relationship. We also find that the facilitation effect of migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs is more obvious in the context of greater geographical and cultural distance, indicating the positive effect of migrant networks in reducing information asymmetry and transaction costs. In addition, the facilitation effect of migrant networks on OFDI by MNEs is more significant in the subsample of the service industry. Our study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into the relationship between migrant networks and international expansion behavior.
The study examines the official forecasts for airline passenger numbers for the Lisbon metropolitan area. Auto-regressive and exponential smoothing models are used to develop independent forecasts ...for passenger numbers. The forecasts show that the government forecasts are at the top end of estimates and should be considered overly optimistic.
India's Green Revolution has evolved at an environmental cost, which is perhaps irreversible. The economic growth has become increasingly dependant upon the use of non-renewable resources such as ...chemical fertilizers, pesticides, oil and coal. India now follows a rapid development path, which is similar to the past growth patterns of most western nations. Whether or not such a growth blueprint would be environmentally sustainable under Indian conditions is questionable since rapid economic growth tends to positively influence environmental degradation. India is a land of villages with 700 million people living in over 600,000 villages, many in the enormous drylands. As the Tata Visiting Chair, I had the opportunity to study the rural development projects implemented by a non-profit agency (Sadguru Foundation) that harvests rainwater to improve irrigation and livelihood of rural people using check dams and lift irrigation systems in western India. This paper has examined how India's remote drylands can be transformed to achieve a ‘Sustainable Green Revolution’ to meet India's future food demands without creating serious negative consequences to natural environment. If the model highlighted in this paper is adopted all across the vast drylands of India and other parts of Asia, Africa and South America, it would certainly increase agricultural output, guarantee future food security, protect natural resources, and above all exterminate the greatest insult to human dignity—poverty!
Biotechnology is often regarded as a key technology with high potential for far-reaching social, environmental and economic impacts. Among others, the development and diffusion of biotechnology may ...have considerable economic effects on production and employment. This paper analyses the economic impacts of different prospective diffusion paths of biotechnology in some major application fields for Germany. Bottom-up technology information from the literature, expert judgements and explicit scenario assumptions for various impact factors are combined and integrated in an input–output framework to calculate direct and indirect production and employment effects. The impact on net production and employment differs greatly between the different application sectors and depends on the respective importance of the various impact mechanisms. The indirect economic effects are rather high and exceed the direct economic effects. These findings show the importance of a bottom-up approach as well as the consideration of the indirect economic effects for appropriate analyses of the impact of biotechnology.
► We analyse the economic impacts of different diffusion paths of biotechnology. ► We combine technology information and scenario assumptions in an input–output model. ► The impact on production and employment differs greatly between sectors. ► The indirect economic effects of biotechnology exceed direct economic effects.
The paper presents a forecast of the demand price for commodities, which can be considered dual to the forecast for supply price. An algorithm for preparing the initial information is presented that ...allows one to take into account the features of the original data that determine the quality of the evaluation of the model parameters. We describe the extraction of input data for predicting the demand price from the data intended for determining the supply price.
Technology foresight has attracted increasing attention from government and academia as well as industry since the 1990s. However, the impact of technology foresight on national strategic ...decision-making varies from country to country. This paper aims to introduce the 'Technology Foresight towards 2020' exercise in China, which has been conducted by a research group in the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The paper consists of five parts: (1) introduction; (2) the framework for technology foresight towards 2020 in China; (3) the methodology including scenario building for identifying technology demands and the method for processing and analysing the data from a Delphi survey; (4) the major results of a Delphi survey in the following four research fields: Information technology, Biotechnology, Energy technology, Material science and technology; and (5) the impact of the research on decision-making concerning science and technology development in China.
