Asteroid 2016 HO3 is the first of the two small bodies in the Solar System targeted by the Chinese Small Body Exploration Mission scheduled to be launched in the next few years. In this paper, we ...perform a full numerical simulation of a possible onboard radio science experiment to obtain the GM value of this tiny asteroid with a relative accuracy of ~10%. At such an accuracy, the GM value can be used to constrain the internal structure of the asteroid. We demonstrate that such an accuracy can be achieved through a joint estimation of the GM value and the ephemeris of the asteroid by using ground-based and onboard (spacecraft-asteroid) radiometric tracking data.
•An onboard radio science experiment was simulated to estimate the GM of asteroid HO3 with a relative accuracy of ~10%.•It is possible to jointly estimate the GM and ephemeris of HO3 with high accuracy.
Determination of indoor position based on fine time measurement (FTM) of the round trip time (RTT) of a signal between an initiator (smartphone) and a responder (Wi-Fi access point) enables a number ...of applications. However, the accuracy currently attainable-standard deviations of 1-2 m in distance measurement under favorable circumstances-limits the range of possible applications. An emergency worker, for example, may not be able to unequivocally determine on which floor someone in need of help is in a multi-story building. The error in position depends on several factors, including the bandwidth of the RF signal, delay of the signal due to the high relative permittivity of construction materials, and the geometry-dependent "noise gain" of position determination. Errors in distance measurements have unusal properties that are exposed here. Improvements in accuracy depend on understanding all of these error sources. This paper introduces "frequency diversity," a method for doubling the accuracy of indoor position determination using weighted averages of measurements with uncorrelated errors obtained in different channels. The properties of this method are verified experimentally with a range of responders. Finally, different ways of using the distance measurements to determine indoor position are discussed and the Bayesian grid update method shown to be more useful than others, given the non-Gaussian nature of the measurement errors.
In this study, joint inversions of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Global Position System (GPS) measurements are used to investigate the source parameters of four Mw > 5 events of the 2016-2017 ...Central Italy earthquake sequence. The results show that the four events are all associated with a normal fault striking northwest-southeast and dipping southwest. The observations, in all cases, are consistent with slip on a rupture plane, with strike in the range of 157° to 164° and dip in the range of 39° to 44° that penetrates the uppermost crust to a depth of 0 to 8 km. The primary characteristics of these four events are that the 24 August 2016 Mw 6.2 Amatrice earthquake had pronounced heterogeneity of the slip distribution marked by two main slip patches, the 26 October 2016 Mw 6.1 Visso earthquake had a concentrated slip at 3-6 km, and the predominant slip of the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.6 Norcia earthquake occurred on the fault with a peak magnitude of 2.5 m at a depth of 0-6 km, suggesting that the rupture may have reached the surface, and the 18 January 2017 Mw 5.7 Campotosto earthquake had a large area of sliding at depth 3-9 km. The positive static stress changes on the fault planes of the latter three events demonstrate that the 24 August 2016 Amatrice earthquake may have triggered a cascading failure of earthquakes along the complex normal fault system in Central Italy.
Protest and reconciliation rituals play a contested but important role in social change. This essay analyzes how rituals of reconciliation effectively negotiate between competing factions and norms ...by using ritual techniques as embodied symbols. Against the horizon of theory from Victor and Edith Turner and Cas Wepener, participant observation of the Lutheran and Catholic Joint Commemoration of the Reformation “Common Prayer” in Lund, Sweden on October 31, 2016 reveals five stages: crisis/diagnosis, redress, forgiveness and acceptance, binding, and reparative mission. Each is marked by its own characteristic techniques, whereas some symbolic elements manifest the different stages throughout the liturgy. This liturgy demonstrates how one liturgy can speak to various factions and stages in the process of accommodating a new norm (Christian unity) within a contested set of identities (“Lutheran” and “Catholic”). It is in the stages of forgiveness and binding that the relationship between the ritual-symbolic realm and the real work of social reconciliation is most directly visualized.
High-amplitude seismic waves from the Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake of April 16, 2016, triggered another large earthquake 80 km to the NE roughly 30 s later. The source was located at shallow depths ...beneath the Yufuin geothermal field, Oita Prefecture, Japan, and the event magnitude was approximately 5.9. To date, this is one of the clearest known examples of a remotely triggered large earthquake. The triggered Oita event was followed by significant seismicity, which was distinct from the aftershocks of the Kumamoto earthquake. The Coulomb failure stress change around the hypocenter, calculated for the passing waves of the Kumamoto earthquake by full wavefield simulation, was about 0.7 MPa when the Oita earthquake was triggered, with the static stress change being an order of magnitude smaller. The dynamic stress changes likely played an important role in triggering. A return to low seismicity levels 1 month after the triggered earthquake may have important implications for seismic hazard due to dynamic triggering.
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Abstract Chikungunya fever is a major public health issue in India affecting billions. After 2010, the infection was in a decline until in 2016, when a massive outbreak affected the country. In this ...report, we present serologic and molecular investigations of 600 patient samples for chikungunya and dengue viruses along with clinical and comorbidity features. We recruited 600 patients during this outbreak and evaluated them for chikungunya and dengue virus antibodies and virus RNA through IgM, NS1 antigen and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We further evaluated Zika virus RNA by qPCR. Additionally, we documented all clinical and comorbid features that were observed during the outbreak in the hospital. We report a total incidence rate of 58% of chikungunya during the outbreak in our hospital. Within the recruited patients, 70% of the patients were positive for chikungunya virus IgM whereas 24.17% were positive by qPCR. None of the samples was positive for Zika virus RNA. Additionally, coinfection of dengue and chikungunya was seen in 25.33% of patients. Analysis of clinical features revealed that 97% of patients had restricted movements of the joints with other features like swelling, itching and rashes of varying severity observed. Twelve patients presented with comorbid conditions, and two fatalities occurred among these comorbid patients. The high incidence of coinfection in the current outbreak warrants implementation of routine testing of both chikungunya and dengue virus in suspected patients for better patient management. The post–acute phase complications reported in the hospitals require in-depth studies to understand the actual impact of the current outbreak.
A clear-eyed, critical examination of the social, political, and economic costs of hosting the 2016 summer Olympics The selection of Rio de Janeiro as the site of the summer 2016 Olympic Games set ...off jubilant celebrations in Brazil—and created enormous expectations for economic development and the advancement of Brazil as a major player on the world stage. Although the games were held without major incident, the economic, environmental, political, and social outcomes for Brazil ranged from disappointing to devastating. Rio 2016 assembles the views of leading experts on Brazil and the Olympics into a clear-eyed assessment of the impact of the games on Brazil in general and on the lives of Cariocas, as Rio's residents are known. Edited by sports economist Andrew Zimbalist, the other contributors include Juliana Barbassa, Jules Boykoff, Jamil Chade, Stephen Essex, Renata Latuf, and Theresa Williamson.
In Lebanon, lymphomas rank as the fifth most prevalent cancer. However, there is limited research on the distribution and epidemiology of lymphomas within the country, and no data are currently ...available regarding the classification of lymphomas based on the 2016 WHO criteria.
This is a retrospective study conducted on both inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with lymphomas between 2013 and 2021 at the Hôtel-Dieu de France University Hospital. Data was collected from medical records at the Department of Pathology. Patients who experienced disease relapse were excluded from the study.
In total, 609 new cases of lymphoma were diagnosed at this institution between January 2013 and February 2021: 129 cases (21%) were Hodgkin lymphomas (HL), and 480 cases (79%) were non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). HL showed a slight female predominance, with an average age at diagnosis of 34 years. Among NHL cases, 91.46% (439 cases) were B-cell lymphomas, and 8.54% (41 cases) were T-cell lymphomas. Among B-cell lymphomas, 46.47% (204 cases) were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), 16.17% (71 cases) were follicular lymphomas (FL), and 5.92% (26 cases) were mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). DLBCL had an average age at diagnosis of 57 years. The centroblastic subtype of DLBCL (DLBCL-CB) represented 12.25% of B-cell NHL cases, with a similar average age to DLBCL. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) accounted for 9.57% of B-cell NHL cases. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) accounted for only 1.82% of B-cell NHL cases. Additionally, B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders accounted for less than 2% of B-cell NHL cases. 8.54% of NHL cases (41 cases) were T-cell lymphomas (T-NHL), with an average age of 41 years, of which 36.59% (15 cases) were female and 63.41% (26 cases) were male. The average age of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma was 28 years. Among the 14 anaplastic lymphoma cases (ALCL), 3 cases were ALK-positive anaplastic lymphomas.
The distribution of lymphomas in Lebanon reveals a high frequency of DLBCL, followed by FL, among NHLs. Our findings align with those observed in Western countries but contrast with the distribution observed in Asian countries.
The mainshock of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake (Mw 7.0) caused extensive damage to buildings in downtown Mashiki, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The heavy building damage in the area was associated with ...both strong ground motion and building response characteristics. Fortunately, there were two strong motion stations in the area and the observed records during the mainshock were distributed, showing peak ground velocities exceeding 100 cm/s on the surface. The level of shaking would be sufficient to make soft surface sediments nonlinear. To reproduce observed ground motions quantitatively, one-dimensional nonlinear effective-stress time-history analyses were conducted at three locations in downtown Mashiki. The input wave was employed as either the observed underground wave or simulated outcrop input motion based on the diffuse field theory. The main purpose of the study was twofold: to investigate the proper soil constitutive relationship and its nonlinear parameters based on the limited amount of in situ information, and to validate the method of input motion evaluation at the seismological bedrock level based on diffuse field theory. The nonlinear time history analyses using the on-site boring survey and the outcrop wave based on diffuse field theory showed that the waveform of the mainshock observed on the ground surface was explained with sufficient accuracy. In addition, the results of the effective stress analysis indicated that soil liquefaction might have occurred in the area with thick surface layers along the Akitsu River where the water table was considered to be quite shallow.
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