Pregnancy complications are problems or health problems that often occur during pregnancy, and can impact not only the health of the mother but also the newborn. High risk during pregnancy occurs in ...pregnant women under the age of 19 and over 35 years and the length of marriage is over 5 years. Further analysis of this secondary data is descriptive of analytics conducted using a Cross-sectional design. Research sites throughout the Province in Indonesia, conducted from July 24 to September 30, 2019. The secondary data was re-processed by researchers with several different variables in 2019. The samples in this study were all SDKI 2017 samples that met the criteria of 16,343 samples. Then the data is analyzed with univariate analysis, bivariate with a chi-square test, and multivariate with a logistics regression test. The results of the univariate analysis found that the percentage of babies born with LBW was 7.53% and the proportion of respondents who had pregnancy complications was 87.96%. Then the bivariate analysis obtained that there is a relationship between pregnancy complications with the incidence of BBLR obtained a p-value of 0.025 or a value of 0.81. Later multivariate analysis showed that the most influential factors were birth distance with OR=1.12 and Antenatal Care services (ANC) with OR=1.22. Then the factors associated with causing LBW are complications, maternal age, and socioeconomic status with a p-value of <0.05. There is a link between pregnancy complications and LBW events with a p-value of 0.025. Pregnancy complications have a connection to the incidence of LBW, it is necessary for every pregnant woman to be able to increase knowledge of the danger signs of pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Most co-orbital objects in the Solar system are thought to follow tadpole-type orbits, behaving as Trojans. However, most of Earth’s identified co-orbitals are moving along horseshoe-type ...orbits. The current tally of minor bodies considered to be Earth co-orbitals amounts to 18; of them, 12 are horseshoes, 5 are quasi-satellites, and 1 is a Trojan. The semimajor axis values of all these bodies librate between 0.983 and 1.017 au. In this work, we have studied the dynamical behaviour of objects following orbits with semimajor axis within this range that may be in a 1:1 mean-motion resonance with Earth. Our results show that asteroids 2016 CO246, 2017 SL16, and 2017 XQ60 are moving along asymmetrical horseshoe-type orbits; the asteroid 2018 PN22 follows a nearly symmetric or regular horseshoe-type orbit. Asteroids 2016 CO246, 2017 SL16, and 2017 XQ60 can remain in the horseshoe co-orbital state for about 900, 3300, and 2700 yr, respectively. Asteroid 2018 PN22 has a more chaotic dynamical behaviour; it may not stay in a horseshoe co-orbital state for more than 200 yr. The horseshoe libration periods of 2016 CO246, 2017 SL16, 2017 XQ60, and 2018 PN22 are 280, 255, 411, and 125 yr, respectively.
Abstract
This article studies how federal funding affects the innovation outputs of university researchers. We link person-level research grants from 22 universities to patents, publications, and ...career outcomes from the U.S. Census Bureau. We focus on the effects of large, idiosyncratic, and temporary cuts to federal funding in a researcher’s preexisting narrow field of study. Using an event study design, we document that these negative federal funding shocks reduce high-tech entrepreneurship and publications but increase patenting. The lost publications tend to be higher quality and more basic, whereas the additional patents tend to be lower quality, less general, and more often privately assigned. These federal funding cuts lead to an increase in private funding, which partially compensates for the decline in federal funding. Together with evidence from industry-university contracts, the results suggest that federal funding cuts shift university research funding from federal to private sources and lead to innovation outputs that are less openly accessible and more often appropriated by corporate funders.
Global Epidemiology of Diphtheria, 2000–20171 Clarke, Kristie E.N.; MacNeil, Adam; Hadler, Stephen ...
Emerging infectious diseases,
10/2019, Letnik:
25, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In 2017, a total of 8,819 cases of diphtheria were reported worldwide, the most since 2004. However, recent diphtheria epidemiology has not been well described. We analyzed incidence data and data ...from the literature to describe diphtheria epidemiology. World Health Organization surveillance data were 81% complete; completeness varied by region, indicating underreporting. As national diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP) 3 coverage increased, the proportion of case-patients <15 years of age decreased, indicating increased protection of young children. In countries with higher case counts, 66% of case-patients were unvaccinated and 63% were <15 years of age. In countries with sporadic cases, 32% of case-patients were unvaccinated and 66% were
>
15 years of age, consistent with waning vaccine immunity. Global DTP3 coverage is suboptimal. Attaining high DTP3 coverage and implementing recommended booster doses are necessary to decrease diphtheria incidence. Collection and use of data on subnational and booster dose coverage, enhanced laboratory capacity, and case-based surveillance would improve data quality.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links ...to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13877/full. Enzymes are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, voltage‐gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2017, and supersedes data presented in the 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature Committee of the Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
•Quality factor of the Namche Barwa area (NB) is as low as other areas in the eastern Tibetan plateau (ETP).•Stress drop of NB is one of the largest among other seismic active areas of ETP.•The ...canyon’s local site effect of NB is significantly amplified at frequencies below 2.34 Hz.
In this study, 427 seismic data for 42 aftershocks (2.5 ≤ ML ≤ 3.6) of the 2017 MS6.9 Mainling earthquake recorded at 14 temporary seismic stations were used to study the source parameters, quality factor, and local site effects of the Namche Barwa area. We calculated the regionally averaged site- and distance-related components of high-frequency attenuation parameter for the area as 0.0294 ± 0.0094 s and 0.0001930 s/km, respectively. The generalized inversion technique was applied to determine the source spectrum of the aftershocks, the quality factor of the area, and the site amplification of the selected stations. The inverted stress drops (Δσ) of the aftershocks ranged between 1.58 and 10.44 MPa, with an average of 5.0 MPa and a logarithmic standard deviation of log100.21. The average Δσ of the Mainling aftershocks is considerably larger than those of several large earthquakes that occurred in adjacent areas along the South-North Seismic Belt, including the 2008 Wenchuan aftershocks (0.52 MPa), 2013 Lushan aftershocks (3.13 MPa), and 2021 Yangbi aftershocks (1.02 MPa). The inverted quality factor of the Namche Barwa area was found to be Q(f) = 112.32f0.712, which is similar to those of adjacent areas. The calculated resonant frequencies of the 14 selected stations ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 Hz, and the corresponding amplifications ranged from 2.5 to 16.2. The site amplifications were clearly different from those determined for the extensively studied adjacent areas.
We use a sample of French firms over the period 2001–2017 to investigate the relationship between board gender diversity and related‐party transactions (RPTs). Although some of these transactions are ...efficient, RPTs are usually perceived negatively by outsiders because of the existence of conflict‐of‐interest transactions deemed to be value‐destroying. Based on agency theory and managerial power theory, we argue that female directors have the ability and motivation to challenge managers’ use of RPTs. Consistently with this argument, we find that board gender diversity negatively correlates with the number of reported RPTs. This negative correlation is driven by female directors involved in the board's monitoring duties (female independent directors and members of the audit committee). However, because they are less likely to be able to challenge managers, female inside directors do not affect the occurrence of RPTs. In January 2011, the French regulator enacted a gender quota law resulting in a significant increase in female board representativeness. We find that the marginal effect after enacting the gender quota law on the number of reported RPTs is negative for the proportion of female independent directors and female audit committee members, and positive for female inside directors.
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