•Disciplines such as biomaterials, biofabrication, and tissue engineering are converging to create more advanced tissue-like constructs that accurately reproduce detailed physical and biological ...properties.•Researchers now have access to a range of tools that enable them to replicate microenvironmental features such as heterogeneity, anisotropy, hierarchical structures, compositional gradients and interfaces, and spatiotemporal cues.•Advanced models are strengthening our understanding of the mechanisms that govern tissue function and disease.•While not fully resembling the complexity of human tissue, engineered models enable researchers to investigate and adapt subsets of parameters, addressing targeted research questions.
Advances in tissue engineering for both system modeling and organ regeneration depend on embracing and recapitulating the target tissue’s functional and structural complexity. Microenvironmental features such as anisotropy, heterogeneity, and other biochemical and mechanical spatiotemporal cues are essential in regulating tissue development and function. Novel biofabrication strategies and innovative biomaterial design have emerged as promising tools to better reproduce such features. These facilitate a transition towards high-fidelity biomimetic structures, offering opportunities for a deeper understanding of tissue function and the development of superior therapies. In this review, we explore some of the key structural and compositional aspects of tissues, lay out how to achieve similar outcomes with current fabrication strategies, and identify the main challenges and promising avenues for future research.
Advances in tissue engineering for both system modeling and organ regeneration depend on embracing and recapitulating the target tissue’s functional and structural complexity. Microenvironmental features such as anisotropy, heterogeneity, and other biochemical and mechanical spatiotemporal cues are essential in regulating tissue development and function. Novel biofabrication strategies and innovative biomaterial design have emerged as promising tools to better reproduce such features. These facilitate a transition towards high-fidelity biomimetic structures, offering opportunities for a deeper understanding of tissue function and the development of superior therapies. In this review, we explore some of the key structural and compositional aspects of tissues, lay out how to achieve similar outcomes with current fabrication strategies, and identify the main challenges and promising avenues for future research.
3D models are becoming increasingly important as design documents. The ability to create them becomes a necessary skill for the future specialist. In this context, we proposed to develop a ...methodology for learning the basics of 3D modelling without substantially changing the Engineering Graphics Curriculum.
3D models are becoming increasingly important as design documents. The ability to create them becomes a necessary skill for the future specialist. In this context, we proposed to develop a ...methodology for learning the basics of 3D modelling without substantially changing the Engineering Graphics Curriculum.
The generation of support for 3D models toward 3D printing is a highly challenging task that is of great need in many additive manufacturing processes. In this work, we explore the use of ...multiresolution geometric lattices to generate support with controlled contact locations. That is, with bounds on the maximal distance between adjacent local support points. A variety of end-user controls over the synthesized support are provided, such as the angular slopes in the model that are provided with support and/or controls on the dimensions and sizes of the support lattice tiles. These controls are augmented with the option of an automated optimization via a direct link to analysis. We demonstrate this proposed lattice approach for support synthesis on several 3D models of different types.
•A geometric modeling framework for constructing support toward 3D printing using lattices/microstructures’ synthesis.•User controls for the support with the possibility of automated optimization through direct analysis linkage.•Multiresolution lattice-based support reduces support volume and material efficiency.•Point-based contact design minimizes connections to the model, easing removal and reducing surface damage.
Photo-editing software restricts the control of objects in a photograph to the 2D image plane. We present a method that enables users to perform the full range of 3D manipulations, including scaling, ...rotation, translation, and nonrigid deformations, to an object in a photograph. As 3D manipulations often reveal parts of the object that are hidden in the original photograph, our approach uses publicly available 3D models to guide the completion of the geometry and appearance of the revealed areas of the object. The completion process leverages the structure and symmetry in the stock 3D model to factor out the effects of illumination, and to complete the appearance of the object. We demonstrate our system by producing object manipulations that would be impossible in traditional 2D photo-editing programs, such as turning a car over, making a paper-crane flap its wings, or manipulating airplanes in a historical photograph to change its story.
The increasing creation of 3D cultural heritage models has resulted in a need for the establishment of centralized digital archives. We advocate open repositories of scientifically authenticated 3D ...models based on the example of traditional scholarly journals, with standard mechanisms for preservation, peer review, publication, updating, and dissemination of the 3D models. However, fully realizing this vision will require addressing a number of related research challenges.
In this article, we first give a brief background of the virtual heritage discipline, and characterize the need for centralized 3D archives, including a preliminary needs assessment survey of virtual heritage practitioners. Then we describe several existing 3D cultural heritage repositories, and enumerate a number of technical research challenges that should be addressed to realize an ideal archive. These challenges include digital rights management for the 3D models, clear depiction of uncertainty in 3D reconstructions, version control for 3D models, effective metadata structures, long-term preservation, interoperability, and 3D searching. Other concerns are provision for the application of computational analysis tools, and the organizational structure of a peer-reviewed 3D model archive.
The breakthrough recently made in protein structure prediction by deep‐learning programs such as AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold will certainly revolutionize biology over the coming decades. The scientific ...community is only starting to appreciate the various applications, benefits and limitations of these protein models. Yet, after the first thrills due to this revolution, it is important to evaluate the impact of the proposed models and their overall quality to avoid the misinterpretation or overinterpretation of these models by biologists. One of the first applications of these models is in solving the `phase problem' encountered in X‐ray crystallography in calculating electron‐density maps from diffraction data. Indeed, the most frequently used technique to derive electron‐density maps is molecular replacement. As this technique relies on knowledge of the structure of a protein that shares strong structural similarity with the studied protein, the availability of high‐accuracy models is then definitely critical for successful structure solution. After the collection of a 2.45 Å resolution data set, we struggled for two years in trying to solve the crystal structure of a protein involved in the nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay pathway, an mRNA quality‐control pathway dedicated to the elimination of eukaryotic mRNAs harboring premature stop codons. We used different methods (isomorphous replacement, anomalous diffraction and molecular replacement) to determine this structure, but all failed until we straightforwardly succeeded thanks to both AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold models. Here, we describe how these new models helped us to solve this structure and conclude that in our case the AlphaFold model largely outcompetes the other models. We also discuss the importance of search‐model generation for successful molecular replacement.
The new artificial intelligence‐based protein structure modeling programs such as AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold have raised great enthusiasm in the scientific community. Here, it is shown that the excellent overall quality of these models can solve the phase problem faced by structural biology using X‐ray diffraction. This study also validates these in silico models.
Resection and reconstruction of the chest wall can pose unique challenges given its vital role in the protection of the thoracic viscera and the dynamic part it plays in respiration. A number of new ...three‐dimensional (3D) technologies may be invaluable in tackling these challenges. Herein we review the use of 3D technologies in preoperative imaging with virtual 3D models, printing of 3D models for preoperative planning, and printing of 3D prostheses when approaching complex chest wall reconstruction.
Photogrammetry has a large use in different areas. One of them is architectural practice. Photogrammetry is one of the suitable methods for production of models of existing objects through ...photography. It represents collecting specific data from photography which is two dimensional, in other to get three dimensional model of object (3D). Models can be done for different purposes. This paper shows the whole procedure of making a model of “Cele-kula“, which represents cultural and historical heritage, in order to promote tourism in Niš. The three dimensional model is constructed in software “Sketch Up” as a part of the project “3D Niš”.
Photogrammetry has a large use in different areas. One of them is architectural practice. Photogrammetry is one of the suitable methods for production of models of existing objects through ...photography. It represents collecting specific data from photography which is two dimensional, in other to get three dimensional model of object (3D). Models can be done for different purposes. This paper shows the whole procedure of making a model of “Cele-kula“, which represents cultural and historical heritage, in order to promote tourism in Niš. The three dimensional model is constructed in software “Sketch Up” as a part of the project “3D Niš”.
