Afghanistan has come a long way since emerging from major conflict in late 2001. The economy has recovered strongly, growing by nearly 50% cumulatively in the last two years (not including drugs). ...Some three million internally and externally displaced Afghans have returned to their country. More than four million children, a third of them girls, are in school, and immunization campaigns have achieved considerable success. The Government has supported good economic performance by following prudent macroeconomic policies and it has made extraordinary efforts to develop key national programs and to revive social services like education and health. Nevertheless, Afghanistan remains one of the poorest countries in the world in terms of both per-capita incomes and social indicators, with large gender gaps. The difficult challenge of poverty reduction is made even more difficult by continuing insecurity, weak rule of law, and narcotics. Afghanistan - State Building, Sustaining Growth, and Reducing Poverty provides a greater understanding of the core challenges that lie ahead for Afghanistan and key priorities for national reconstruction. The Afghan economy has been shaped by more than two decades of debilitating conflict and has some very unusual features which this study analyzes. The authors argue that the country must break out of the vicious cycle that would keep it insecure, fragmented politically, weakly governed, poor, dominated by the illicit economy, and a hostage to the drug industry. The study presents key elements for a breakthrough in the next two years but the daunting agenda will require strong commitment, actions, and persistence on the part of the Government and robust support from the international community.
Günümüz Afganistan’ında başlık parası alma uygulaması birçok diğer ülkede olduğu gibi yaygındır. Söz konusu uygulama, İslamî bir dayanağının olmadığı ve adeta mehrin yerini aldığından İslam hukukuyla ...aykırı olmasının yanı sıra, evlenmeyi zorlaştırma, evlenen çiftlerin aileleri arasında anlaşmazlık çıkartma, aile içi şiddete yol açma ve nihayet kadınlara karşı şiddete sebep olma gibi birçok sorunlara neden olabilmektedir. Bu makalede uygulama tanıtılmış, söz konusu sorunlara değinmiş ve İslam hukuku açısından kısaca tahliline değinilmiştir
Bu makalede Afganistan'daki dini medreselerde okutulan ders müfredatı ve bu medreselerde hâkim olan düşünce sistemi üzerinde kısaca durulmuş ve eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmeye ...çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca söz konusu medreselerde görülen eksikliklerin giderilmesi konusunda bir takım yapıcı önerilerde bulunulmuştur
Extended description:
En aquest capítol se sabrà com és el dia a dia en un país que fa més de trenta anys que viu en guerra, on queda molt per fer, però on cada petit pas és un gran salt.
Gràcies a ...Amador Guallar, Miquel Calçada entrarà en una de les bases militars de l'OTAN on viuen més de mil soldats. També acompanyarà la periodista Mònica Bernabé a l'antic Palau destruït dels monarques afganesos a Kabul. El periodista Sergi Altadill descobrirà en el programa un centre per a persones amputades i la reflexió arriba amb Jordi Benaiges, consultor de Salut Pública de la Unió Europea, sobre un país on 8 de cada 10 persones malviuen al camp i 2 de cada 10 malviuen a la ciutat.
Mikimoto travels to Afghanistan with the aim to see the country through Catalan people who live there.
Original language summary:
Mikimoto viatja a Afganistan amb l'objectiu de conèixer el país a través dels catalans que hi viuen.
Després d’un conflicte, la pau i la justícia sovint es veuen com quelcom en tensió. Les demandes de justícia i de responsabilitat legal poden representar un obstacle per a la pau, ja que els acords ...de pau poden implicar compromisos amb criminals de guerra i violadors dels drets humans. Així doncs, el debat entre la pau i la justícia es reflecteix en una discussió conceptual que enfronta la resolució del conflicte amb la defensa dels drets humans. A Afganistan, la pau i el conflicte es veuen sovint com inherentment oposats i moltes vegades es diu que per a la justícia cal esperar que hi hagi seguretat. El govern de Karzai, en lloc de castigar els que havien comès crims de guerra, ha integrat els senyors de la guerra més destacats i els ha col·locat en càrrecs governamentals. Durant molt de temps es va pensar que això tindria un efecte d’estabilització, però en aquest article es manté que la política de convertir els senyors de la guerra d’Afganistan en polítics ha fracassat, ja que no ha aportat seguretat, pau ni estabilitat duradores al país. Aquest article parla breument sobre la pau i la justícia transicional en el fragmentat Afganistan del segle XXI.
In the aftermath of a conflict, peace and justice are often seen to be in direct tension. Demands for justice and legal accountability can be an obstacle to peace, since peace accords may involve compromises with war criminals and human rights perpetrators. The peace versus justice debate therefore translates into a conceptual struggle between conflict
resolution and human rights advocacy. In Afghanistan, peace and conflict are often seen as inherently conflicting. Justice, it is often argued, must wait until security has been established. Rather than punishing the perpetrators of past war crimes, the Karzai government has accommodated some of the most notorious warlords, by appointing them to some government positions. While it was long thought that this would have a stabilizing effect, this paper argues that the policy of relying on Afghanistan’s warlords-cum-politicians has failed to bring lasting security, peace and stability to the country. This paper presents a brief foray into the field of peace and transitional justice in a fragmented 21st century Afghanistan.
Después de un conflicto, la paz y la justicia parecen a menudo estar en franca tensión. Las exigencias de justicia y de responsabilidad legal pueden ser un obstáculo para la paz, dado que los acuerdos de paz pueden implicar compromisos con criminales de guerra y violadores de los derechos humanos. El debate de la paz frente a la justicia, pues, se traduce en una contienda conceptual entre la resolución del conflicto y la defensa de los derechos humanos. En Afganistán, la paz y el conflicto se ven con frecuencia como algo inherentemente opuesto. Muchas veces se dice que la justicia debe esperar a que haya seguridad. En lugar de castigar a los que en el pasado cometieron crímenes de guerra, el gobierno de Karzai ha integrado a los señores de la guerra más destacados y les ha otorgado cargos gubernamentales. Aunque durante mucho tiempo se creyó que esto tendría un efecto estabilizador, este artículo sostiene que la política de confiar en los señores de la guerra de Afganistán convertidos en políticos ha fracasado y no ha llevado una seguridad, una paz y una estabilidad duraderas al país. Este artículo presenta una breve incursión en el campo de la paz y la justicia transicional en el fragmentado Afganistán del siglo XXI.
Peacebuilding presents a formidable challenge to anthropology, because it 'enframes' our contemporary world in particular ways. In our introduction to the special section on peacebuilding and ...anthropology we highlight the changing relationship between peace, conflict, culture and academic writing and how the three articles on Northern Ireland, Afghanistan and India-Pakistan address the changing relationships. The articles do not have the intention to present a coherent statement where anthropology 'is' in relation to peace and conflict studies. Each of them engages with a different aspect of the discipline and broader question beyond ethnographic fieldwork.
Afghanistan is a country where great civilizations had come together in history. During the period from the early ages till the first Afghan state, many nations established dominance in Afghanistan. ...Even though these nations lost their political power in Afghanistan in due course, ethnically and culturally they have continued to remain in this country. Peoples from different ethnic origins managed to preserve their identities to a large extent, but part of them have gone under the influence of dominant ethnic structures as a result of cultural interaction. In this article, the historical presence of Turkic, Iranian and other nations whom contributed to multiculturual structure of Afghanistan is studied. Afganistan is a country where stability has not been established yet due to security issues, social and economic problems. The origins of this problematical situation can be traced a long way back in history. In this study, based on the above mentioned general consent it is aimed to shed light on the political and social dynamics of Afghanistan.
Although media outlets have proliferated in the private sector in Afghanistan, the Afghan press is hobbled by insufficient security, lack of access for their investigations, serious revenue and ...funding shortfalls, stalled legislation for freedom of the press, change-wary socio-cultural norms that tend to undercut the wide dissemination of news and skirt in the presentation of scientific/technological and foreign information. To do their jobs, the nation's journalists need to overcome these and other barriers.
Among populations of the Miniopterus bats of western Palaearctic, intraspecific variation has not been well documented. Herein we investigate sexual and age variation of these populations using two ...approaches — linear and geometric morphometrics. We analysed Moroccan (M. maghrebesnis), western and eastern European (M. schreibersii), Levantine (M. schreibersii), and east-Afghanistani (M. cf. fuliginosus) specimens; variation was compared between sexes of the particular specimen sets of three above mentioned Miniopterus spp. and between four age cohorts of M. schreibersii samples. The results showed in all examined population sets males to be generally larger in size than females, the exception being the east-European animals. Significatly the most divergent sexes were those from eastern Afghanistan, the Levant and eastern Europe. The differences found between sexes in as well as between examined population sets can be attributed to different life histories and/or to food competition. Weak correlations between patterns of sexual dimorphism and the newly proposed western Palaearctic classification of the Miniopterus bats suggest only a limited contribution of sexual variation to morphological variation in general. Certain aspects of age variaton were found in all examined morphological characters except the non-metric traits, which in turn indicates the importance of these traits for identification of the particular taxon across age categories.
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