The first major comparative study of African writing in western languages, European-language Writing in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Albert S. Gérard, falls into four wide-ranging sections: an ...overview of early contacts and colonial developments "Under Western Eyes"; chapters on "Black Consciousness" manifest in the debates over Panafricanism and Negritude; a group of essays on mental decolonization expressed in "Black Power" texts at the time of independence struggles; and finally "Comparative Vistas," sketching directions that future comparative study might explore. An introductory essay stresses the millennia of writing in Africa, side by side with a richly eloquent and artistic set of vernacular oral traditions; written and oral traditions have become interwoven in adaptations of imported forms and linguistic innovations that challenge traditional "high" literary norms. Gérard uses the mathematical concept of "fuzzy sets" to explain why the focus on "Black Africa" has led him to set aside for future analysis the literatures produced in North Africa, which fall under the influence of Muslim civilization, as well as the diasporic literatures of the New World. Over sixty scholars from twenty-two countries contribute specialized studies of creative writing by leading authors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries such as Achebe, Mphahlele, Ngugi, Senghor, Soyinka, and Tutuola. Critical analyses are organized primarily around regions, reflecting different colonial languages imposed through schools and other social institutions. Some authors trace the adaptation of western genres, others identify syncretism with folktales or myths. The volumes are attentive to the heterogeneity of national literatures addressed to polyethnic and multilingual populations, and they note the instrumental politics of language in newly independent states. A closing
chapter, "Tasks Ahead," identifies areas for future scholars to explore.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- În URSS, premiul internațional Lenin a fost conferit lui Nikita Hrușciov; În Albania se efectuează experiențe în electricitate; În ...Guineea la Conakry a avut loc conferința țărilor din întreaga Africă; Imagini cu păpușile lucrate de artista maghiară Ana Me- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: Istituto Luce - Cinecittà EFG - The European Film Gateway - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All ...metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: Istituto Luce - Cinecittà EFG - The European Film Gateway - Data provided by Europeana Collections- 1 - ...giovani uomini africani espongono uno striscione che esalta la cooperazione tra Ghana ed Italia scritto in inglese- 2 - automobile di rappresentanza sfila davanti alla folla; un baldacchino è stato allestito all'aperto per l'inugurazione della raffineria- 3 - sventola dall'asta la bandiera dell'Agip- Boldrini presidente dell'Eni e Giorgio Bo parlano davanti ad autorità italiane e del Ghana- 4 - uomini africani ascoltano i discorsi delle autorità italiane- 5 - prende la parola il presidente del Ghana Kwame Nkrumah- 6 - giovani donne del ghana in divisa ascoltano il presidente che parla- 6 - young women of the ghana in uniform listen to the president speaking- 4 - African men listen to the speeches of the Italian authorities- Boldrini president of Eni and Giorgio Bo speak before Italian and Ghana authorities- 2 - representative car parades in front of the crowd; a canopy was set up outdoors for the greening of the refinery.- 1 - young African men exhibit a banner that exalts cooperation between Ghana and Italy written in English.- 3 - flying the flag of the Agip from the auction- 5 - President of Ghana Kwame Nkrumah takes the floor- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: Istituto Luce - Cinecittà EFG - The European Film Gateway - Data provided by Europeana Collections- 1 - ...palmizi nelle isole Mauritius- 2 - piantaioni di canna da zucchero- 3 - innaffiatoi irrorano i campi- Foderaro si intrattiene con un agente indigeno- Foderaro conversa nella sede del Ministero dell'Industria e del commercio dell'isola con il ministro Nairac- 4 - le autorità italiane conversano con le autorità locali- 5 - vista dall'alto della città Port-Louis- 6 - giardini interni alle moschee- 7 - laghi in cui galleggiano le ninfee- Foderaro converse to the headquarters of the Ministry of industry and Commerce of the island with Minister Nairac- 4 - Italian authorities converse with local authorities- Foderaro entertains himself with an indigenous agent- 7 - lakes where water lilies float- 6 - interior gardens to mosques- 5 - view from the top of the city Port-Louis- 3 - watering cans spray fields- 2 - sugar cane plantaions- 1 - palmizi in the Mauritius Islands- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: Istituto Luce - Cinecittà EFG - The European Film Gateway - Data provided by Europeana Collections- 1 - ...bambini di colore in cima ad un'altura- 2 - il gruppo di italiani della missione di cooperazione economica entrano nella città di Tanarive- 3 - edifici antichi di Tanarive- 4 - la delegazione italiana in una sala davanti al presidente del Madagascar Tairananà- Tairananà osserva i regali offerti dalla delegazione italiana- 5 - il ministro dell'economia malgascio conversa con i rappresentanti della delegazione italiana- 6 - il ministro dell'economia malgascio dietro la scrivania discute con i rappresentanti della delegazione italiana- 5 - the Malagasy Minister of economy converges with representatives of the Italian delegation- Tairanà observes the gifts offered by the Italian delegation- 3 - ancient buildings of Tanarive- 1 - children of color at the top of an elevation- 6 - the Malagasy Minister of economy behind the desk discusses with representatives of the Italian delegation- 4 - the Italian delegation to a hall in front of Madagascar's President Tairanana- 2 - the group of Italians of the economic cooperation mission enter the city of Tanarive- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: EFG - The European Film Gateway Istituto Luce - Cinecittà - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Fiumicino: ...The Hon. Foderaro leaving at the check in of air France- 1 - Fiumicino airport: young Africans leave the plane welcomed by an employee- Foderaro and others on the air France plane skip- Foderaro answers questions from journalists- Foderaro and other members of the economic mission greet relatives and friends and start at the plane.- 2 - young people support waiting on the slopes of Fiumicino, then leave accompanied by the employee- Fiumicino: l'on. Foderaro in partenza al check in dell'Air France- Foderaro risponde a domande di giornalisti- Foderaro e altri membri della missione economica salutano parenti e amici e si avviano all'aereo- Foderaro e altri sulla saletta dell'aereo dell'Air France- 1 - aeroporto di Fiumicino: giovani africani scendono dall'aereo accolti da un addetto- 2 - i giovani sostano in attesa sullepiste di Fiumicino, poi si allontanano accompagnati dall'addetto- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: EFG - The European Film Gateway Istituto Luce - Cinecittà - Data provided by Europeana Collections- 5 - cars ...in the center of the city rub off in front of the outdoor markets- 7 - meeting of Italian representatives and local representatives in a hall; applause- Foderaro and other members of the Italian delegation around a table together with the authorities of Mozambique- 1 - black child holds a newborn on his shoulders- 4 - modern buildings of the city- 2 - automobile travels the promenade with palm trees- 3 - view from the top of the city of Laurenço Marques- 6 - an Italian automobile representative receives members of the Italian delegation- 1 - bambino di colore tiene sulle spalle un neonato- 2 - automobile percorre il lungomare con le palme- 3 - vista dall'alto della città di Laurenço Marques- 4 - edifici moderni della città- 5 - automobili al centro della città sfrecciano davanti ai mercati all'aperto- 6 - un rappresentante italiano di automobili riceve i membri della delegazione italiana- Foderaro e altri membri della delegazione italiana attorno a un tavolo assieme alle autorità del Mozambico- 7 - riunione dei rappresentanti italiani e quelli locali in una sala; applausi- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: Istituto Luce - Cinecittà EFG - The European Film Gateway - Data provided by Europeana Collections- 1 - l'on. ...Pella parla alla platea del Convegno economico italo-africano- 2 - tra il pubblico in sala personalità italiane e rappresentanti degli stati africani- 3 - al discorso di Pella segue quello di un rappresentante di unos tato africano- 4 - poi parla l'on. Vedovato applaudito dal pubblico dei congressisti- 1 - the Hon. Pella speaks to the audience of the Italian-African economic conference- 4 - then speaks the Hon. Vedovato applauded by the audience of the congressmen- 3 - Pella's speech follows that of a representative of unos tato african- 2 - among the public in the hall Italian personalities and representatives of the African States- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: EFG - The European Film Gateway Istituto Luce - Cinecittà - Data provided by Europeana Collections- 11 - ...Italian guests get their hands wet at the fountains of Antsirabé- 16 - pineapple and bananas on display on the open-air Marcato benches- 9 - Malagasy authorities await guests on the station quay- Industrial coast entertains itself with the missionary son Costa- 10 - the mayor of Antsirabé talks to Italian guests- 8 - technicians repair the wheels of the vehicle traveling on tracks- 2 - two Italians of the delegation among Malagasy children gathered in front of a temple- 14 - from the window of a panoramic airplane of the center of Tamatave- 5 - top view of men and women washing cloths in river waters.- 7 - rice plantations- 6 - Italian guests on board a vehicle- 17 - corals exposed on market banquets- 15 - a man of color betrays a rickshaw- 13 - lemur monkeys in a cage- 12 - a man drags a rickshaw- 1 - a little girl holds on her head a basket of cloths and looks intrigued in the direction of the lens- 4 - children sitting on the ground in the courtyard clap their hands and dance- 3 - children and girls of color with straw hats in the head smile in front of the cameras- 1 - una bambina tiene sulla testa una cesta di panni e guarda incuriosita in direzione dell'obiettivo- 2 - due italiane della delegazione tra i bambini malgasci assiepati davanti a un tempio- 3 - bambini e bambine di colore con in testa dei cappelli di paglia sorridono davanti alle telecamere- Costa industriale si intrattiene con il figlio missionario Costa- 4 - bambini seduti a terra in cortile battono le mani e danzano- 5 - vista dall'alto di uomini e donne che lavano i panni nelle acque del fiume- 6 - a bordo di un veicolo gli ospiti italiani- 7 - piantagioni di riso- 8 - tecnici riparano le ruote del mezzo che viaggia su binari- 9 - autorità malgasce attendono gli ospiti sulla banchina della stazione- 10 - il sindaco di Antsirabé parla con gli ospiti italiani- 11 - gli ospiti italiani si bagnano le mani alle fontane di Antsirabé- 12 - un uomo trascina un risciò- 13 - scimmie lemuri in una gabbia- 14 - dal finestrino di un aeroplano panoramica della centro di Tamatave- 15 - un uomo di colore traina un risciò- 16 - ananas e banane esposte sui banchi del marcato all'aperto- 17 - coralli esposti sui banchetti del mercato- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana